Basic rules of netiquette. Netiquette
Netiquette rules
Currently, certain rules of communication have been formed on the Internet, which can be found on many sites. It is clear that both teachers and students must adhere to them.
Etiquette is the rules of good manners adopted in a particular social group. Netiquette is a set of rules about how to behave online.
Rule 1: Remember that you are talking to a person.
Do not do to others what you do not want to receive from them yourself. Put yourself in the shoes of the person you are talking to. Defend your point of view, but do not insult others.
In cyberspace they say: remember that you are talking to a person. When you use telecommunications, you are dealing with a computer screen. You cannot gesture, change your tone, and your facial expression does not play any role. Words, only words, are all that your interlocutor sees.
When you are having a conversation - over email or in a conference - it can be very easy to misinterpret the words of your interlocutor. And, unfortunately, forget that your recipient is also a person with his own feelings and habits.
However, do not forget about the main principle of netiquette: there are real people everywhere on the Internet.
And one more reason to be polite online. When you communicate with someone in cyberspace, remember that your words are recorded. Perhaps they will be stored in places where you can no longer reach. In other words, there is a chance that they will come back and harm you. And you have no opportunity to influence this process.
^Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior as in real life
In real life, most of us obey laws, sometimes because of restrictions, sometimes because of fear of being caught. In the virtual space, the chances of being caught are relatively small. People sometimes forget that there is a real person “behind the screen”, and they think that the rules of behavior on the Internet are not as strict as in real life.
This misconception is understandable, but it is still a misconception. Standards of behavior may differ in different parts of the virtual space, however, they are no softer than in real life.
Maintain communication ethics. Don't believe anyone who says, "The whole ethics here is what you set for yourself." If you encounter an ethical problem in cyberspace, think about what you would do in real life. Most likely, you will quickly find a solution.
^Rule 3: Remember where you are
What is accepted without hesitation in one place may be considered rude in another. For example, in conferences where television programs are discussed, various rumors and gossip are quite normal. But if you decide to invade a journalistic discussion with them, this will not add popularity to you.
When you find yourself in a new area of virtual space, first look around. Spend time studying the situation - listen to how and what people are talking about. After that, engage in conversation.
^Rule 4: Save face
On the Internet you can meet people you would never meet in real life and no one will judge you for the color of your skin, eyes, hair, weight, age or manner of dressing.
However, you will be judged on how you write. For those on the Internet, this matters. Thus, grammar rules play an important role.
Be aware of what you are saying.
Consider the content of your letter. When you want to say something like “it seems to me...” or “I heard that...”, ask yourself if you should double-check the correctness of your facts. False information can cause a whole flurry of emotions on the Internet. And if this is repeated a second and third time, it can happen, like in the game “broken phone”: your words will be distorted beyond recognition.
Also, make sure your messages are clear and logical. You can write a paragraph of text that is grammatically perfect but completely meaningless. This often happens if you want to convince someone that you are right, using a lot of complex and long words that you yourself are not very familiar with.
Don't insult users. Finally, be patient and polite. Do not use profanity, do not enter into conflict for the sake of conflict itself.
^Rule 5: Do not get involved in conflicts and do not allow them
Flames are emotional remarks, often made without taking into account the opinions of other participants in the conversation. These are messages where tact is not the most important thing, and the goal is to provoke a reaction from users: “Well, come on, tell me what you really think about this?”
Does netiquette prohibit flames? Not really. Flames are also an old tradition of the Web. Flames can be fun for both writers and readers. And the recipients of flames often deserve them.
But netiquette is against flames that escalate into wars - a series of angry messages exchanged, as a rule, by two or three participants in the discussion. Such wars can literally take over the conference and destroy the friendly atmosphere. This is unfair to other conference readers. And very soon people who are not participating in the discussion get tired of conflicts. In fact, an unacceptable monopolization of resources occurs.
^ Rule 6: Learn to forgive others for their mistakes
Everyone was a newbie once. Therefore, when someone makes a mistake - be it a typo in a word, a careless flame, a stupid question or an unreasonably long answer - be lenient with it. Even if your hands are itching to answer, think twice. Just because you have good manners doesn't mean you have a license to teach those manners to everyone else.
If you decide to draw the user’s attention to his/her mistake, do it correctly and preferably not in a conference, but in a private letter.
^ Network "wisdom"
What are these strange icons?
When exchanging text messages, we do not hear the live intonations of our interlocutor. Therefore, Internet users have become adept at using simple “pictures” made up of several punctuation marks to indicate their emotions. They are called "emoticons". The most common emoticons:
:-) - smile, joy
:-(- sadness, sadness
:-o - surprise
;-) - wink
Emoticons are a favorite way for users to express their emotions in a letter; in addition to text emoticons, graphic and animated ones are also available. However, it is worth remembering that an excessive number of emoticons makes it difficult to read the text, and messages consisting only of emoticons already become “flood” and most often violate the rules.
Abbreviations
Many “seasoned Internet residents” actively use strange letter combinations in their messages: IMHO, asap and something else like that. If you come across something like this, don’t be alarmed - these are stable abbreviations that came from the English-speaking part of the Web and they always mean something. List of the most common abbreviations:
IMHO, IMHO - "In My Humble Opinion" - "in my humble opinion";
LOL - “Laugh Out Loud” - “I laugh out loud”;
BTW - "By The Way" - "by the way";
AFAIK - "As Far As I Know" - "As far as I know";
NFC - "No Further Comments" - "I said everything";
WBR - "With Best Regards" - "With best wishes";
ASAP - "As Soon As Possible" - "As soon as possible";
AKA - "Also Known As" - "Also known as:".
If you are an expert in such phrases, do not rush to use them. They may simply not understand you, try to find suitable Russian words, there are quite a lot of them.
What is an offtopic?
The conference is usually divided into several forums, each of which has its own topic, such as sports, science, computers and technology, etc. Posting a message that is not suitable in its content to the topic of the forum or a specific thread in which a discussion is already underway is called offtopic and is quite often considered a violation of the rules. Read the description of the topics of the forums and only after that, having chosen the appropriate topic, publish your message.
What is overquoting?
Typically, when a user responds to someone's message in a forum, it is possible to graphically highlight a quote from the message. This is done so that the rest of those present understand what is actually being commented on. The most common mistake in this case is the so-called overquoting - excessive quoting. Because in order for the answer to be clear, there is almost always no need to quote the entire original message. It is enough to quote only the part that is necessary to understand the answer. But it often happens that a user quotes a huge letter only to write “Agree” or “I agree with every word.” Please do not overuse excessive quoting, this will only complicate readability, and in some cases this may be a violation of the rules.
What is flooding?
Flood is a stream of messages that carry almost no meaning. These are messages that could be painlessly deleted (or rather, not even published) without any damage to the community. Usually flooding is done by users who, by and large, have nothing to say, but who want to attract attention to themselves. They begin to respond to almost every message in the forum, and the answers do not carry any semantic meaning and usually look like short one-line remarks: “Exactly!”, “I agree!”, “I think so too!”, “Wow!” as well as extensive messages that have nothing to do with the topic of discussion, for example, stories that usually begin with the words: “But I had this too, but in general I don’t know...” and so on. In some forums, flooding is allowed and encouraged, but in thematic forums, flooding is most often prohibited by the rules.
What is "CAPSIT"?
You should not write words in CAPITAL LETTERS (CAPS - type messages while holding the CAPS key) - this is perceived as a rude shout. If you want to make your speech more emotional, enclose words with asterisks or underscores, for example: “I'm just _sure_ of this.”
Netiquette is just a guide to normal, human communication for many Internet users. Following these simple recommendations will help us all quickly obtain the necessary information in response to our questions, find new friends, strengthen old connections and simply enjoy virtual communication with each other, despite distances, differences in age, upbringing, national origin and religion - Let's be polite to each other and have a good connection!
“And passions rage through the networks,
And a friend introduces a friend to black...
And to avoid misfortune,
A man once decided:
It is desirable and even necessary
To appear in internet
Well, at least some etiquette..."
(Leonid Ivonin. “Netiquette according to A.S. Pushkin”)
Over the past 10-15 years, the life of Russians has changed dramatically: communication, relationship history, connections - everything is stored in “clouds” and in small personal devices.
Few of our contemporaries can imagine even a day without phones, laptops, and tablets. And even less - without the Internet. The World Wide Web has swallowed up everyone's life: dating, relationships, finances, studies, work - everything is entangled in the World Wide Web. Checking email, messages on social networks, reading news, publishing photos or posts - this is what the lives of most Russians are filled with.
The solution to many organizational issues depends on information technology: from registering children for kindergarten through the Gosuslugi.rf portal to checking a child’s diary on special websites, from organizing the educational process at the university to monitoring the calculation of pensions... Human development of a new habitat requires compliance with the rules of relationship and interaction in it. Hence the great interest in netiquette or Setiketu.
What is a networket
The search engine finds about 22 thousand responses to a query about netiquette. The first source - Wikipedia - gives this concept a definition.
In the material “What is a network?” (newspaper “Zarya Molodezhi”, Saratov) in 2010 Vladimir Bolotin defined networking as “rules of behavior, communication on the Internet, traditions and culture of the Internet community, which are adhered to by the majority. This concept appeared in the mid-80s of the 20th century in echo conferences of the FIDO network.”
Most sources do not have a deep theory of the issue, but offer various “rules” of networking.
History of networket
The first code of computer ethics appeared in the professional IT field in 1979 at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. According to infopedia.ru, “The adoption of the code was dictated by the understanding that engineers, scientists and technologists, through the results of their activities, determine the quality and living conditions of all people in the information society.”
The first work on netiquette addressed to a mass audience appeared in 1994.
Virginia Shea in the book “Netiquette” she formulated ten rules of behavior on the Internet. These rules were aimed at creating respectful online communication, in which each user should be aware that he is communicating with the same people as he is, and that this virtual communication should not differ in any way from the real one.
In 2007, a supporter of the Open Source community and one of the main ideologists of the Web 2.0 direction Tim O'Reilly and creator of Wikipedia Jimmy Wales started developing a code of honor for bloggers. O'Reilly believed that a code of ethics would improve the quality of blogs.
As lenta.ru reported, community members proposed creating three codes of honor for bloggers with different sets of rules. When creating the code of ethics, the priority was to preserve freedom of speech and prevent censorship under the guise of deleting information as unethical. A draft code of honor for bloggers was published on the developers' websites. However, 11 years later it is impossible to find this code on the Internet. Apparently, the idea of its creation remained back in 2007.
Setiket is also studied by scientists. Teacher at Krasnodar Information Technology College Tatiana Zemlyanka wrote the work “Netiquette. Aggression on the Internet,” in which she defined basic network concepts such as flood, spam, chat, topic, offtopic, formulated the principles of netiquette and indicated what, in her opinion, should not be done on the Internet.
On Facebook.com there are Russian- and English-language public pages about the network.
What is a network for?
The Internet has become a part of our virtual life, and networking is as much a component of it as etiquette in real life. To understand why a network is needed, it is worth understanding why these rules of conduct are needed.
“Knowledge of the rules of etiquette allows you to determine how appropriate certain actions are in a particular situation. This can be confirmed by a simple example: when you come to another country, the habits of the locals may differ from yours. If you do something in front of them that they consider inappropriate, they will not like you. But if you remember their rules of behavior and take them into account, you will quickly find a common language with them and become your own.”(kakprosto.ru)
Network needed
– in order not to break the law (by observing ethics, we comply with the law);
– to establish dialogue and organize effective communication (respectful communication strengthens connections);
– to have a reputation online as a media literate person.
Setiquette and law
Laws are the basic level of control below which one cannot fall. Many network rules are based on legal norms. By observing the network, we automatically comply with the main points of the law. First of all, we are talking about the federal law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection,” which gives the right to freely seek, receive and transmit information by all legal means, to be confident in the inviolability of information relating to private life, to permit or restrict access to information.
“Information posted by its owners on the Internet in a format that allows automated processing without prior human changes for the purpose of reuse is publicly available information posted in the form of open data.”
(Article 7 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection”)
The federal law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” notes that using only the Russian language does not mean “denial or derogation of the right to use the state languages of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, and the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation.”
The Internet sphere is subject to many laws, including “On the Mass Media”, “On Trade Secrets”, “On Advertising”, “On Electronic Digital Signatures”, etc. Therefore, to consider that the Internet is an area of impunity, it is impossible - this can lead to serious consequences: as they say, ignorance of the law does not exempt you from responsibility. Therefore, before you post anything on the Internet or even like it, you should think about whether this action contradicts any law.
“In 2011, an activist of the branch of the nationalist party “Russian All-People’s Union” in Tatarstan was ordered to pay a fine of one thousand rubles under Article 20.3. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation “Propaganda or public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols, or paraphernalia or symbols of extremist organizations, or other paraphernalia or symbols, the propaganda or public display of which is prohibited by federal laws” for liking a screenshot of a frame from the film “American History X.” This festival hit of the nineties is not prohibited from being shown in Russia, however, the picture depicted the character of actor Edward Norton with a swastika tattooed on his chest, and the court considered this to be propaganda of Nazi symbols.”(tvrain.ru)
Law is the basis on which the network is based. From a legal point of view, you should not
– insult;
– slander;
– humiliate;
– infringe on information about private life;
– promote what is prohibited by law;
– publish personal information;
– spam.
Network and dialogue
Communication on the Internet, as in life, should be respectful to your counterpart. It is worth remembering that on the other side of the computer screen there is the same person. Therefore, ethical communication requires:
– respectful and patient attitude towards the interlocutor;
– polite address to the counterpart;
– listening skills;
– competent choice of words;
If you are aiming for dialogue, you should not
– to be rude;
- deceive;
- slander;
– use profanity;
– “attack” discussion participants because of their spelling or grammatical errors;
– mock or ridicule;
– make indecent proposals;
Networking and reputation
Online behavior affects your reputation in real life. Our page on VKontakte or Instagram today is our “digital face”. Every Internet user should treat cyberspace as part of real life, and therefore adhere to the same rules of behavior. If a person does not want to look uncultured or stupid, then he should behave appropriately:
– respect the community where communication takes place;
– express yourself correctly;
- save face;
- thank your interlocutors;
– Apologize for wrongdoing if necessary.
Violation of these rules can play a cruel joke. For example, you are looking for a job and find an advertisement that states the requirement “competent communication with people.” Call your employer. He finds out your first and last name and schedules an interview. You come for an interview, but for some reason unknown to you, you hear a refusal to hire from the doorway. The employer simply looked at your VKontakte page, where on the wall you and your friends communicate in incoherent sentences and exchange obscene phrases. This is enough for the employer to already have an impression of you: after all, he does not want to lose clients because of you. And although Article 3 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits restricting people’s labor rights on the basis of circumstances unrelated to their work qualities, the employer can refuse employment, citing any other reason.
Thus, online behavior is a reputation, both in virtual and real life. And violation of any of the above rules may affect your reputation. To maintain your online reputation, you should not:
– express yourself uncivilly;
– to be rude;
– publish propaganda posts;
– post obscene videos, photographs, messages;
– conduct dishonest conversations with competitors;
– insult;
- boast;
- gossip;
- talk idle;
- refuse help if you really can help.
For safe, comfortable and convenient communication, networking is now simply necessary. Compliance with its rules will help you not to break laws and form an opinion of yourself as a competent and polite person with whom it is pleasant to communicate. Perhaps, after some time, networking will become not only necessary, but also fashionable.
There are actions that seem desirable and convenient to most people on the Internet, and there are those that are the opposite. So, let's try to capture some basic points.
I love etiquette rules! I sincerely believe that they were created not to torture normal people with strange rituals, but to make our lives easier.
Because, firstly, eating with a knife and fork is actually more convenient than just eating with a fork, and secondly, etiquette is a collection of proven and effective algorithms for a variety of life situations.
How to communicate with people so that they feel pleasant and good with you, and at the same time so that you also feel pleasant and good with them
For example, a very good rule is to write a letter to the hosts after returning from visiting, thanking them and assuring them that the evening was just wonderful. This is not at all difficult, but it makes the recipient very happy and often takes the relationship with him to a new level.
Or here's a much more serious case - what to do if your friend or acquaintance becomes seriously ill or someone close to you dies? Many even very good people get lost, don’t know what to do, and out of confusion do nothing, so as not to disturb or interfere.
Or they try to console so awkwardly that they drive a friend into an even greater abyss.
After this, the person gets the feeling that everyone abandoned him during his trouble, he was left completely alone - and no one was there, and no one supported him.
And at this time there were many people around who wanted to support, but simply did not know how to do it.
The rules of etiquette regulate such issues, provide working algorithms - and I often feel sorry that most of them were lost in modern Russia and are now just beginning to be restored little by little.
Etiquette on the Internet
However, I wanted to talk about netiquette. It has undoubtedly already taken shape; there are already actions that seem desirable and convenient to most people on the Internet, and there are those that are the opposite. So, let's try to capture some basic points.
Skype calls
You should never call anyone without prior approval.
Many people confuse Skype with a phone, but you can turn off the sound on a phone, you can leave it in another room, and in general the phone is still designed specifically for calls.
But Skype is on the computer, and during your call a person can write some important text, watch a movie, sit next to a falling asleep child and quietly read something...
We live in an age of multitasking, and therefore open Skype does not mean an invitation to call on it at any time convenient for you.
First, it’s always better to write and ask, is it comfortable for the person on the other side of the monitor to talk? Even if it's your sister, mother or best friend.
Reposts
If you see an open post on any social network, and you like it so much that you want to repost it, then don't ask permission. Posting without a lock means you can repost without any questions asked. And give a link to it anywhere - too.
Therefore, the opposite situation is also true: if you do not want reposts and links, put a lock.
Adding to friends
Also, don't ask permission to friend someone. You don't ask the editor-in-chief's permission to subscribe to his magazine, do you? Subscribe and read quietly.
The following rule follows from the previous one: if you don't like someone, just unfollow them and stop reading it.
Ban
If by reposting on Facebook or in the top of LiveJournal you are constantly receiving posts from some person who is unpleasant to you, then it would be best to ban him on Facebook and remove him from the top of LiveJournal - both have such functions. This way you will stop seeing unpleasant things and improve your personal world.
Checking information
Before reposting material about a hundred shepherd puppies that will be euthanized before evening if their owners are not found, about a lost child, or about an apartment that a kind owner is ready to give to someone who reposted the ad, take a minute to google this information.
In 99% of cases it will be either outdated or initially fake.
The exception applies only to those cases when you subscribe to the pages of well-known and respected funds - for example, Lisa.Alert, which is looking for missing people. Or foundations raising money for the treatment of children or searching for lost dogs.
First-hand posts can be published without verification (although it is still worth checking the date of original publication), and everything else requires prior consultation with Google.
Unsolicited criticism
The average person runs social networks for joy, pleasure and communication with pleasant people. No one, when posting a photo of a new hairstyle or a new renovation, wants to hear that the hairstyle is terrible, and in general - you have gained indecent weight, and no one has been making such ceilings for ten years.
Therefore, an important rule of communication on social networks: support (praise) - or pass by.
Let's be friends!
If you really want to make friends with someone on social networks, then It would be best to write to him in a personal message. And ideally, if the letter is not in the format: “Hello! I like you! Let's be friends! " This, firstly, is too similar to spam, and secondly, it does not explain to the recipient in any way why he should be friends with you.
It's ideal to write a letter telling the person about you and why you feel like you have a lot of common themes:
"Hello! My name is Masha, and I have been reading you for a very long time, I am an aspiring artist, I am very inspired by your works! I also publish reports about my preparation for the Sydney Marathon, I know that you also run and are thinking about the marathon, if you are interested in my experience, then I will be very happy to become friends with you.”
Congratulations
Don't tag your friends on a greeting card. If you want to publish a picture for the holiday and congratulate everyone, then publish it just like that! Your friends will see it anyway, and even if they don’t, they definitely won’t be offended at you for it.
Alien "wall"
Never, ever, ever post anything on someone else's wall. It's like going to a person's house, driving a nail into his wall and hanging a picture on it. Even if it is the best picture in the world, the owner will still not be happy.
The exception is birthdays - and even then not always. Look at the circumstances: if this is the custom in this person’s circle, then it’s possible. If everyone congratulates him in the comments, then you shouldn’t write congratulations on the “wall.”
Politeness
Well, in general, the main rule: always remember that on the other side of the screen there are not virtualities and letters, but ordinary living people with their feelings, joys, troubles, and so on.
And do not write or say anything that you would not say to your neighbor, the head of the accounting department, or even a random fellow traveler on the bus. And vice versa - say what you would say. And everyone will be happy.published . If you have any questions about this topic, ask them to the experts and readers of our project .
P.S. And remember, just by changing your consciousness, we are changing the world together! © econet
Internet communication is increasingly becoming a part of the lives of modern people. With the help of the World Wide Web, we conduct business correspondence, communicate with friends and even make new acquaintances. This means that it is useful for everyone to know the rules of netiquette. If we all start following them, living and communicating on the Internet will become much more enjoyable!
Don't lose face
An interesting fact: many Internet users, while communicating online, sometimes completely forget that on the other side of the monitor they are having a conversation with real people. And this is an unforgivable mistake. Remember, any public recording is your statement in society. If you communicate privately with one person, then the conversation is not much different from a one-on-one meeting. What is the basic rule of netiquette, you ask? It's very simple - observe politeness and decency. Don’t forget to say hello and goodbye, be sure to use the “magic” words: “thank you” and “please”. It is also advisable to follow the rules of the Russian language. Slang, distorted spelling of words and all kinds of letter abbreviations irritate cultured people even when communicating on the Internet. In official and business conversations, this style of communication is unacceptable in principle.
Each community has its own rules
It's easy to remain yourself during a private conversation or business negotiations online. If you want to communicate on some forum or chat, it will be useful to first get acquainted with the basic rules of this online community. Typically, recommendations and prohibitions for participants are included in a separate section. Read it and remember all the most important things. Netiquette rules vary slightly from site to site.
Most often, the following are mandatory: a ban on the use of profanity, a respectful attitude towards all community members, and the inadmissibility of publishing materials that could offend or shock other users. Knowing the rules of the site is useful for everyone, not only to create a good reputation for yourself. Most forums and chats today are regularly reviewed by moderators. And if one of the participants behaves inappropriately, he may simply be banned.
Express your thoughts correctly
Quite often, Internet communication is criticized for its lack of emotionality. And indeed, when talking with a person in person, we always supplement our words with facial expressions, gestures, and control the intonation and timbre of our voice. The situation is completely different with virtual correspondence. Some phrases are difficult to read with the correct intonation the first time. If a punctuation mark is accidentally missed, sometimes it is completely impossible to understand what is being said. Many Internet users lack one simple skill. Which one? The basic rule of netiquette is to communicate respectfully and express your thoughts as clearly as possible. It is very useful to re-read the typed text before sending it. This is the easiest way to correct any errors and inaccuracies, and to reformulate complexly constructed sentences.
Is it always appropriate to use emoticons?
In order to make virtual conversations more emotional and lively, emoticons were invented. These are combinations of punctuation marks or small graphic pictures that help express emotions. Netiquette rules allow the use of emoticons in many instant messaging systems and forums. Very often, the standard form for sending a letter even has a separate menu with these pictures. Emoticons help decorate a message and make it more interesting. Still, you shouldn’t get too carried away with them. About 70% of Internet users admit that the abundance of emoticons in their interlocutors’ messages frankly annoys them. Of course, these “funny pictures” have no place in business conversations and formal conversations.
The Internet is a place of mutual help
Have you learned all the rules of etiquette when communicating online, but in practice much remains unclear to you? Don't hesitate to ask for advice. If you don’t understand how to use the functions of a particular site, feel free to ask one of the more experienced users. It is also appropriate to ask for help if difficulties are caused by the slang accepted in the community and some internal rules. Any site also has an official support service. It is appropriate to contact it if you have problems using the resource. Before writing a new message and sending a request, take the time to study the list of popular user questions. Unfortunately, not all people communicating on the Internet follow the rules of netiquette. Many sites offer their users self-organization tools. These are the “mark message as spam” and “complain” functions. Be sure to use buttons like these when necessary.
Communicate online just like in real life
Online dating is a real salvation for a busy modern person. There are millions of sites on the Internet where you can find interesting conversationalists or even potential love partners. It would seem that all you need to do is open the resource you are interested in and choose who exactly you want to make friends with. In practice, everything is a little more complicated. Surely you have at least once received messages from strangers with the following content: “Hello, how are you?” Agree, emotions usually arise strange, but more often than not positive. Netiquette rules should be followed at all stages of communication. Of course, the question is: “What is your name?” irrelevant for social networks and offensive to anonymous forum users. So how do you start a conversation with a stranger? It would be most appropriate to write the truth; admit in the first message that you are interested in this person’s profile and would like to chat. Most likely, after such a sincere message, the conversation will begin by itself.
You or you?
In real life, only a small child or a very ill-mannered person would have the audacity to address a stranger on a first name basis. Instinctively, we even call our peers and those noticeably younger than us “You” at the first stages of communication, emphasizing our respect. But on the Internet this rule is not always followed. For some reason, many people consider it appropriate to “poke” their interlocutor without knowing absolutely nothing about him. Netiquette is a network etiquette, the basic rules of which should be known to every user of the World Wide Web. According to the norms of communication on the Internet, the form of contact with the interlocutor should be discussed personally with him. If you are communicating on personal topics with a peer and feel sympathy for your interlocutor, addressing yourself as “you” is really strange. But it is better to clarify this point in advance. So ask: “Perhaps we can address each other as you?” And if you managed to make a pleasant impression on your interlocutor, most likely you won’t have to wait for a refusal.
Forgive others for their mistakes
All lovers of online dating and communication sites from time to time encounter uncultured or simply inadequate interlocutors. Don't be surprised or scared when a similar situation happens to you personally. How to proceed in this case? If a stranger wrote something unpleasant to you, the easiest way is to add him to the “black list,” thereby stopping communication once and for all. If the site does not have such a function, you can contact support. It is worth informing the administration even when you encounter something truly inadequate and frightening. If you are faced with banal ignorance or non-compliance with the culture of communication, you can try to resolve the situation on your own. Be lenient and try to explain the rules of netiquette to your interlocutor briefly. If a newcomer is communicating with you, tell him about how it is customary to correspond in a particular virtual community.
Online Security
Surely you have been told more than once that innocent communication on the Internet is fraught with a lot of dangers. How to avoid them? We must not forget that security measures and netiquette rules are strongly linked to each other. The most important thing is to behave the same way as in real life. Online dating is insidious in that it often creates the illusion of perfect mutual understanding. After chatting with a person for a couple of hours, we sometimes feel as if we have known him for many years. So, no matter how good and nice the interlocutor may seem, keep your distance. Even in private conversations, do not tell any too personal facts about yourself, try not to discuss material matters. In other words, you, of course, can “pour out” your soul to a virtual stranger, but you shouldn’t brag about your big salary and give your full home address. If you decide to meet in person with a pleasant acquaintance from the Internet, choose public places that are always crowded.
Unfortunately, the culture of online communication, especially in chat rooms and forums, is currently low. This is shown by an analysis of dialogues both in Belarusian chats and in many Russian ones.
Websites have appeared that promote violence and cruelty, racial and national intolerance. Cases of financial fraud have become more frequent.
When communicating online, you should follow safety precautions and netiquette rules.
Remember that you most often communicate with anonymous interlocutors, among whom there may be dishonest people.
Do not rush to give your phone number or home address to a new interlocutor in a chat, blog, or forum.
If, from your point of view, the interlocutor is intruding into communication, then try to block his access to you.
Communication in some thematic channels may be prohibited by legal norms and state legislation, as well as the moral and ethical rules of conduct of the religious or ethnic group to which you belong
When communicating online, be extremely correct and polite. When discussing, any criticism or disagreement with the interlocutor must be reasoned.
Subject 7. Web Design Basics
19. Basics of web design. Basic concepts of the hypertext markup language for HTML documents. HTML document structure. Hyperlinks.
HTML Markup Language Basics
A web page is a text document containing HTML commands. They are interpreted by the browser. For example, these commands can specify how the content of a page should be displayed on the screen.
An HTML document can be created in simple text editors, such as Notepad, and then saved as a file with the .htm or .html extension.
The markup of an HTML document consists of placing tags - HTML commands enclosed in angle brackets. They can be typed in uppercase or lowercase Latin letters.
Most tags are paired. The opening tag describes the command and begins its action. A closing tag that repeats the opening tag, but is preceded by a slash / (slash), this action stops. For example, tag sets bold style. Marked up text “Second word in bold" will be displayed like this by the browser:
Second word in bold.
Let's look at the structure of a simple HTML document.
An HTML document begins with a breakaway tag , and ends with a closing. Inside, like in a container, there are two blocks.
In the block …
(head) contains service information that is not displayed on the page. For example, text enclosed between tags
All information displayed by the browser: texts, pictures, video clips, animations is placed in a block …
(body).
You can also place comments in an HTML document that are not displayed by the browser in angle brackets with an exclamation mark..
The appearance of a web page in a browser is determined by HTML tags, but also depends on the type of browser.
To display text in the form of separate paragraphs, use the tag<p>. When viewed in a browser, paragraphs are separated by a blank line. To force a new line without creating a paragraph, use an unpaired tag<br>. Often a dividing line is placed between paragraphs, which is specified by an unpaired tag<hr>.
Formatting tags are responsible for formatting text.
Tags are used to display titles<h1>…<h6>. A level 1 heading is the largest, and a level 6 heading is the smallest.
The style of characters is specified by the following tags:<b> - bold,<i> - italic,<u> - underlined.
HTML opening tags can contain attributes that specify document markup parameters. Each attribute has a name (name) and a specific value, which is written in quotes after the equal sign. A tag can have multiple attributes, which are listed separated by spaces, for example:
<тег атрибут1="значение" атрибут2="значение"...>.
The order of the attributes in the tag is not important. If the attribute value contains only English letters, numbers, or hyphens and no spaces, the quotation marks can be omitted.
The appearance of the entire web page is determined by the tag attributes<body>, while its individual elements, for example headings, sections, paragraphs, tables, pictures, may have their own special design.
The page background color is set by the attribute bgcolor, and the text color is an attribute text. The value of these attributes is the color, which is specified by its English name, such as red, or its hexadecimal code, such as #FF0000. By default, the page color is white and the text color is black.
The blue color of the page can be set like this:
or like this: .To align the text of an entire page, individual paragraph, section, or heading, use the align, which can take the following values: center- center alignment, left- on the left edge, right- on the right edge. Justifying text is not recommended because when the browser window is reduced in size, large spaces may appear between words.
To set the font, color and size of text characters, use the tag<font>. The font is specified by the attribute face, whose value is the name of the font, for example Arial. The color of the characters is specified by the attribute color.
If the font is not specified, the default font is black.
The size of the characters is specified by the attribute size and can be expressed in conventional units, which can take values from 1 to 6. The default size value is 3.
The size of characters can also be expressed in relative units: numbers relative to the base size, for example size="+n" or size="–n". So, for the base size 3 attribute sets the size to 5, and the attribute - size 1.
A piece of text can be displayed as a ticker using a tag<marquee>. The direction of movement is indicated by the attribute direction.
For example, the movement of the word “Attention!” from left to right is given like this:
To create hyperlinks, a paired element (container) is used<А>.
Attributes:
Specifies the name of the element. The name is used, for example, to create links between frames
Specifies the URL of the resource that the user should go to when clicking the link. An attribute can point to either an external document or an element within a given document.
A string that defines or gets one of the following values
· _self – the document will open in the current window
· _parent – in the frame – the parent of the current frame
· _top – in the main window of the entire frame structure
· _blank – the document will open in a new window
Tooltip
Transitions within a single HTML document
1) Create an element at the point where the transition will take place
<А Name = "ххх">
where xxx is the name of the label where the transition is made. The label can be any text consisting of letters and numbers, but it must be unique among all labels in a given document.
2) Create an element at the point from which the transition occurs:
<А НRЕF="#ххх">transition text
When viewing an HTML document with a browser transition text will be underlined and most often displayed in blue. Mouse click on transition text will lead to a transition to the label xxx within a given HTML document.
Instead of<А Name = "ххх">in recent browsers you can use an identifier as a navigation label ID. Identifier ID is available for any element and defines a unique label for this particular element in the entire document in the form, for example, , Where b1, can be any text consisting of Latin letters with respect to case or numbers and an underscore. The first character in b1 can only be a Latin letter. Such a transition within a document might, for example, look like this:
<А НRЕF="#b1">switch to B
If the HREF attribute specifies a non-existent label (for example, #11111), then no action is taken.
A new HTML file is called into the browser window using the element:
<А HREF="new.html" Title = "my biography">text
Attribute Title used to display a tooltip when the mouse pointer is positioned on text. Of course, if the element borders the text, then the tooltip has no meaning (the text itself already contains some meaning). However, instead of text, a picture can be used as a link, in which case a tooltip may be necessary.
Text specifies the location from which the HTML file new.html specified in the HREF attribute will be loaded. The new.html file must be in the same folder as the file for this HTML document
Instead of text element can use a graphic file:
<А HREF="new.html" Title = "my biography">
Playing a .wav sound file is done using the element:
<А HREF = "xxx.wav">text
Mouse click on text will result in playing a xxx.wav file if a player program is installed on the computer.
In this example, Word will open with the aaa.doc file loaded into it.
<А Target=”_blank” HREF = "xxx.gif">
This will automatically download a program that allows you to send an email message on your computer (for example, Microsoft Outlook). If you send an email message through some Internet site (for example tut.by) and Outlook is not configured, then naturally this link will not cause any action.
20. Basics of web design. Using office applications to create web pages.