Creation of complex documents in a text editor. Creating complex documents in the text editor MS Word
>> Computer Science: Text processor Microsoft Office Word 2007 (repeated).
Practical work on the subject Computer Science 10th grade.
Review of topics: Text processor Microsoft Office Word 2007 (repeat).
Practical work CREATION OF COMPLEX DOCUMENTS IN A TEXT EDITOR.
TASKS
Exercise 1. Create a text document containing a drawing in the form of a diagram and a bulleted list.
1. Open the Microsoft Word text editor.
2. Expand the editor window to full screen. Set the view to Page Layout, scale to Page Width.
3. Set all page margins to 2.5 cm.
4. Before you start typing, set the font size to 14 pt, typeface to italics and Times New Roman font.
5. Using the Format/Paragraph commands, set the following parameters:
- line spacing - multiplier 1.3; width alignment.
6. Use the commands Tools/Language/Hyphenation to set automatic hyphenation.
7. Type a sample text (Fig. 1). The sample contains one paragraph of text, a diagram, and a bulleted list.
Sample assignment: Fig. 1.
8. Check the entered text for grammar using the Tools/Spelling command. Correct any errors found. Save the document.
Task 2. Techniques for working with multi-page text documents.
1. Copy the document created in Task 1 four (4) times,
2. Force pagination after each newsletter using the + keys.
As a result of these actions, each newsletter will be located on a new page.
3. Set the page numbering (at the top of the pages, on the right) using the Insert/Page Numbers command
4. Format the first paragraph of the text of each newsletter using the Format/Paragraph commands as follows:
1 letter: font Times New Roman, 14, with red line (indent), justified;
2 letter: font Arial, 12, with a hanging line (ledge), left-aligned; paragraph indents of 2 cm on the left and right;
3 letter: font Times New Roman, 10, first line of paragraph without indentation or protrusion, right aligned;
4 letter: format the fragment as in the second letter, using the Format by sample mode, which is called up by the button on the toolbar (whisk);
5 letter: format the first paragraph as in the third letter, using the Format by sample mode.
5. Set the style of headings on each page using style templates. To do this, select the heading and use the Format / Styles and Formatting command to set the style “Heading2”
6. Create a table of contents for the document. Place the cursor at the end of the document, execute the command Insert / Link / Table of Contents and Indexes, and a table of contents of the document will be created. Using the table of contents, go to the third page of the document.
7. After the third letter, place a bookmark (Insert/Bookmark) with the name “Letter3”
After typing the name of the bookmark, fix it with the Add button.
Attention! The bookmark name must not contain spaces.
8. Place the cursor at the end of the title of the first letter and place a regular footnote at the bottom of the document with the text “Letter 1” (Insert / Link / Footnote)
9. Insert your last name, first name and patronymic at the end of each letter using the commands Tools/AutoCorrect Options.
Please do the following first:
- using the Tools/AutoCorrect Options command, activate the AutoCorrect dialog box;
- in the Replace field, enter three letters of your full name; - in the On field, enter your full last name, first name and patronymic;
- click the Add, OK buttons
By these actions you have linked your last name, first name and patronymic to the letter combination “Full Name”.
Go to the third paragraph using a bookmark through the commands Edit / Go / Bookmark / Letter3.
Enter the letter combination “Full Name” from the keyboard and your last name, first name and patronymic will appear.
Next, do not forget to put “full name” after each letter.
10. Using the Format/Case command, reformat the text of the first paragraph of each letter as follows:
- letter 1- “ALL CAPITAL”; - letter 2- "all lower case";
- letter 3- “Start with Capitals”; - letter 4- “CHANGE CASE”;
- letter 5- “As in sentences.”
11. Save the created document with the file type Web page to your folder.
Task 3. Draw up documents with diagrams based on samples
Document 1.
Document 2.
Written by the computer science teacher of the International Lyceum "Grand" Cheban L.I.
Computer science planning, tutorials and books online, courses and computer science classes for 10th grade
Goal of the work: developing practical skills in working with images and creating hyperlinks in MS Word 2007.
Tasks:
- Educational: generalization and consolidation of knowledge and practical skills in working with illustrations, creating captions for drawings, creating footnotes, cross-references, and a table of contents.
- Educational: development of attention and independence when working with a software product.
Equipment: computer class, software – MS Word 2007.
DURING THE CLASSES
Text documents created using a personal computer can be divided into two groups - simple and complex. Simple documents are formatted text. Complex documents, in addition to text, contain various objects (drawings, formulas, tables, etc.).
Exercise 1.
1.1. Open MS Word 2007 and create a new document.
1.2. Type the text according to the sample ( Annex 1
)
1.3. Set Document Options
- margins above – 2 cm, below – 2 cm, on the left – 3 cm, on the right – 2 cm;
- indentation in the first line is 1.5 cm;
- font type – Arial, 14;
- line spacing – one and a half;
- alignment - width;
- In the footer field, type your last name and group.
Inserting and formatting illustrations
The text editor allows you to insert and format graphic images (illustrations) of various types - pictures from files, clips (images from the MS Office collection), schematic images consisting of individual figures, diagrams and diagrams. MS Word contains all the necessary tools and tools for adding, correcting and formatting these images. To work with images, select the image and the Format tab will open on the screen (Fig. 1). Using the Format tab, you can change the following image parameters:
- brightness and contrast;
- boundaries;
- text wrap position;
- apply different styles and effects;
- rotate the image.
Rice. 1 Format tab for working with images
When inserting pictures (especially if the pictures are large), the file size increases significantly. To reduce the file size, it is advisable to compress the pictures by setting the following parameters (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2 Picture compression options
Task 2.
2.1. Search the Internet and insert into the text images of the sights of the city of Suzdal in accordance with the text.
2.2. Formatting the images yourself.
2.3. Compress your pictures.
Creating captions for drawings
Signatures must be added to the drawings in the document. You should not sign drawings manually. For this purpose, MS Word has a function for automatically adding signatures. This gives a professional look and gives your document a number of options, such as creating a list of these pictures.
Task 3.
3.1. Place the cursor under the first picture.
3.2. In the Links menu, select the group of commands Titles – Insert title (Fig. 3)
3.3. In the Title window, select or create signature options. Click OK.
3.4. Enter the text for the title of the picture – Suzdal Kremlin.
Rice. 3 Command parameters Name
3.5. Create captions for the rest of the pictures in the same way.
Inserting cross-references to pictures
A cross-reference points to an element that is located elsewhere in the document. For example, you might mention the object "Figure 1" in a document and direct the user to that figure from another location in the same document. By default, MS Word inserts a cross-reference as a hyperlink that, when clicked, takes you directly to the item it points to. You can create a cross-reference for any numbered item, heading, bookmark, footnote, formula, picture, or table that exists in a document.
If you add or remove content, if the item pointed to by the cross-reference has moved, you can update the cross-reference.
Task 4.
Adding footnotes
Footnotes are used to add explanations, notes, and references to the text of a document. Footnotes can appear at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or on a separate page at the end of the document (endnotes). Both a footnote and an endnote consist of two parts—the footnote mark and the corresponding note text.
To remove a footnote or endnote, you must remove the footnote mark in the document window, not the note text.
When you delete a footnote character that has automatic numbering applied, the remaining footnotes are numbered again.
Task 5.
5.1. Create a footnote for a phrase Pokrovsky Monastery
- Place the cursor where the footnote will be
- Select the Links tab – Footnotes group of commands;
- Specify the position of the footnote, format parameters and click Insert (Fig. 6).
5.2. Type the footnote text - located on the right bank of the Kamenka River in the northern part of Suzdal
Rice. 6 Footnotes command options
Creating a Table of Contents
An automatically updated table of contents (table of contents) allows you to avoid manually printing page numbers and adjusting them in the table of contents after editing the text in the document.
To create a table of contents, you first need to apply heading styles to those fragments of text that will be reflected in the table of contents. The styles usually used are Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.
Task 6.
6.1. Apply the Heading1 style to the text highlighted in red, and the Heading2 style to the text highlighted in blue.
6.2. Place the cursor where the table of contents will be (usually at the beginning or end of the document).
6.3. In the Links menu, select the group of commands Table of Contents – Table of Contents.
6.4. Select the Table of Contents format (Fig. 7)
Rice. 7 Command parameters Table of contents
Creating a list of illustrations
In the document, in addition to the table of contents, you can also create a list of illustrations, which will contain a list of illustrations (drawings) with the numbers of the pictures and the page numbers where they are located.
Task 7.
7.1. Place the cursor where the list of illustrations will be.
7.2. In the link menu, select the group of commands Titles – List of illustrations.
7.3.Specify the list parameters (Fig. 8)
Rice. 8. Command window List of illustrations
Literature and Internet sources used:
- Workshop on information technology in professional activities: textbook for students. institutions prof. education / E.V.
- Mikheeva. – 10th ed., ster. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2011. – 256 p.
- https://support.office.com – Office Support
http://www.suzdal-city.ru – city of Suzdal – information and educational site simple Microsoft Word. http://www.suzdal-city.ru – city of Suzdal – information and educational site
To conditional category
complex
Microsoft Word Object Management Techniques
Features of Word objects Word processor Word XP
has developed functionality for working with objects of non-text nature. Among the built-in objects there may be standard objects created by other programs (drawings, animation and sound clips, and much more), as well as objects created by the word processor itself. In particular, the program allows you to create and embed geometric shapes, artistic headings, diagrams, formulaic expressions, prepared vector illustrations (cliparts), that is, it contains tools that are vaguely reminiscent of the tools of specialized graphic editors. True, among these tools there is nothing for creating and processing raster illustrations - they can only be imported from other programs, but there are tools for controlling their visualization, for example, for changing the brightness, contrast and image scale. Despite the diverse nature of the objects that a word processor can work with they have common properties, such as size, position on the page, and the nature of interaction with text. First, we will focus on studying the most general properties of built-in objects, without discussing their nature - this will help you master the basic techniques of working with objects. And we will get acquainted with the specific properties of specific objects a little later. But before you start learning how to work with objects Despite the diverse nature of the objects that a word processor can work with It is necessary to make an important note about the appropriateness of their use. There are very conflicting opinions on this matter.
1. All objects Microsoft Word XP definitely can be used if the document is being prepared for printing, that is, it is assumed that it will be transferred to the customer or distributed in the form of a paper copy made on a printer. Formatting documents using built-in objects allows you to make them representative.
2. If the document is supposed to be sent in the form of a file for subsequent processing (and this is how manuscripts are sent to the editor), then all the program’s own tools for creating and placing built-in objects are not only useless, but also harmful. This is due to the fact that objects Microsoft Word XP are not standard and are not supported by professional programs. Company Microsoft has a leading position in the industry and may not take into account generally accepted standards and rules, but implement its own. Therefore, objects created in programs of this company can only be fully used in other programs of the same company.
3. From the last remark follows another direction for using objects created in simple They can be successfully exported via the clipboard Windows to other software products included in the package Microsoft Office XP, for example, such as a spreadsheet management system Excel Access database management system and others.
Entering formulas
The need to have a means for entering mathematical expressions into a text document is typical for scientific and technical documentation. One of these tools is a special application Mathcad. But the functions of the system Mathcad much wider, and there are many reasons for having a simple means of entering formulas in the word processor itself.
In a programme Microsoft Word such a tool is the formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0. It allows you to create formula objects and insert them into a text document. If necessary, the inserted object can be edited directly in the document field.
Formula Editor Features
1. Formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0 is a separate component, so when installing a word processor, you must specifically indicate whether it needs to be connected.
2. When working with the formula editor, you should strive for maximum completeness of the entered expressions. So, for example, an expression (formula) may contain components that can be entered without using the formula editor, but for ease of use and ease of further editing, you should enter the entire formula only in the formula editor, without using other means.
4. The SPACEBAR key does not work in the formula editor, since the necessary spaces between characters are created automatically. However, if the need to enter spaces does arise, they can be entered using the Spaces button and ellipsis on the Formula toolbar. There are five types of spaces of varying widths.
2.3 Working with tables
Data presented in tabular form is clear. Tables have always been an integral attribute of printed scientific and technical documentation, and in recent years they have become an effective means of designing Internet Web pages. This is due to the fact that, for natural reasons, the possibilities for formatting Web pages are very limited. Therefore, many Web designers use tables (including hidden ones) to forcefully control the display of data on the client's screen and do not trust this critical process to the Web viewer (browser). For example, tables are the simplest means of simulation on the Web. - a page of newspaper or magazine text with two or more columns.
Table cells can contain not only text, but also graphic and other objects. Thanks to this, you can place several illustrations across the width of the Web - page A nits (conventional Web page formatting tools do not allow this).
When creating pages, you can control how cells and frames are presented, both external and internal. When creating printed documents, tables are designed so that they match the style and content of the document. When creating pages, there is a technique when frames are not displayed at all, and a gap is created between the cells. As a result, objects located in cells form smooth, regular structures on the screen, while no traces of tables are visible on the screen.
Features of Word objects Microsoft Word has amazingly flexible and powerful tools for creating tables for both printed and electronic documents.
The three main means of creating tables are:
Add table button on the Standard toolbar;
Insert Table dialog box (Table > Insert > Table);
Table Drawer Tables and Borders (Table > Draw a table).
Creating tables
The Add table button is used to create simple small tables. Tables created using this method can be further developed, increasing the number of rows and columns in them as needed using the Table menu commands > Insert.
Command Table > Insert > The table is used to create more complex tables. This opens the Insert Table dialog box, in which you specify the number of rows and columns, as well as the width of the columns. If you specify Auto instead of a specific size, AutoFit is enabled, allowing columns to be formatted elastically to fit the content. The auto-selection mode is set using the corresponding switch:
Constant width - the total width of the table is equal to the width of the document set field, and the width of each column is constant and depends on the number of columns (the mode is convenient when creating printed documents);
By content - the width of each column is proportional to the amount of data contained in it (the mode is convenient when creating electronic documents distributed in word processor format);
By window width - a special mode for tables placed on Web pages (the final formatting of the table occurs not at the time of its creation, but during viewing).
It is convenient to create tables of complex structure using the “drawing” method. The controls required for this are located on the Tables and Borders toolbar (opened with the Table command > Draw a table). The steps required to create tables using this method are discussed in Exercise 1.
Editing tables
When we talk about editing tables, we do not mean editing their contents, but only editing their structure. Content editing is done using normal means. In fact, editing the table structure comes down to the following operations:
Adding a specified number of rows;
Adding a specified number of columns;
Delete selected cells, rows and columns;
Merge selected cells;
Split selected cells.
By combining the above operations, it is possible to prepare tables with a complex structure based on tables with a simple structure. The tools to perform these operations are found in the Table menu (you may need to expand extended menu) or available through context menus of selected objects.
Formatting tables
When working with tables, you should distinguish formatting tables And content formatting. In the first case, the sizes of the structural elements of the table (cells, rows, columns, etc.) are controlled, and in the second case, the placement of the contents of the cells is controlled.
You can format tables in command or interactive mode. In command mode, use the Table Properties dialog box for this purpose (Table > Table properties). It can also be opened from the context menu of the table by right-clicking within it. The tab controls in the Table Properties dialog box allow you to:
Set the table alignment method relative to the document page (Table > Table properties > Table > Alignment);
Set the method for interaction of the table with the surrounding text (Table > Table Properties > Table > Wrap);
Define or override the design option for the outer and inner table frames, as well as customize the design of the cells (Table > Table Properties > Table > Borders and Shading);
Set the size of internal margins in cells and the spacing between cells (Table > Table properties > Table > Options);
Assign parameters for the current row or selected rows (Table > Table Properties > Row);
Assign parameters to the current column or selected columns (Table > Table Properties > Column);
Assign parameters to the current cell or selected cells (Table > Table Properties > Cell).
In interactive mode, the table is formatted using markers that appear when you hover the mouse over the table or its elements. The marker in the upper left corner of the table allows you to move the table around the working area of the document. The marker in the lower right corner allows you to control the overall dimensions of the table. Resizing handles that appear when you hover over table frames let you interactively resize columns and rows by dragging and dropping.
Working with charts
Diagrams are a convenient means of visually presenting data and, along with tables, are very widely used in scientific and technical documentation. To create diagrams with a word processor Microsoft Word has a plug-in tool Microsoft Graph. Like the formula editor described above Microsoft Equation 3.0 This program is an external component and must be specially ordered when installing the word processor.
Features of Word objects Microsoft Word XP provides two methods for inserting diagrams into a document. A more general method is based on the fact that first a certain arbitrary diagram is inserted into the document, with some arbitrary diagram associated with it. base table data. Next, the diagram is configured, which consists of setting the appearance and editing the content. Since the content is based on a base table, it is edited by populating the table with the required data.
The second, private method is based on the fact that the diagram is created based on a specific table in the document. In this case, customizing the chart consists only of customizing the appearance. This method is obviously more convenient, but it should not be abused, since the data in the table and diagram duplicate each other, and this is not justified in every document. We will look at techniques for creating diagrams based on document tables in Exercise 2.
Creating a Basic Chart
Creating a chart begins by creating a basic chart using Insert > Object. In the Insert Object dialog box that opens, select the Microsoft Graph Chart item, after which a chart is inserted into the document, which is associated with a certain base table. Think of this table as a template. Its cells should be filled with your own data, and filling can be automated by importing data from some other table, for example from a table Microsoft Excel.
Rice. 7 First, an arbitrary diagram and an associated table are inserted into the document. Next, the diagram and table are edited locally
Working with drawings
Creating and editing drawings. To work with vector drawings, use the Drawing toolbar (View > Toolbars > Drawing). The main tool of this panel, intended for creating simple objects, is the AutoShapes drop-down list. Its categories include blanks for creating lines, straight lines and curves, simple geometric shapes, curly arrows and extension lines, drawing elements for flowcharts and functional diagrams, and more. When creating and editing vector objects, use the following techniques and tools.
1. Vector objects are created by selecting them from categories in the AutoShapes list.
2. Their size is edited by dragging the markers of the selected object into the document field.
3. A convenient tool that simplifies the creation of geometric shapes is an auxiliary coordinate grid. Action Team > Grid opens the Snap to Grid dialog box. It specifies the grid spacing and the way horizontal and vertical lines are displayed. The Snap to grid checkbox ensures precise positioning of the shapes' anchor points in the coordinate grid nodes. It is convenient if you create simple (mostly rectilinear) geometric shapes. When editing ready-made shapes, snapping to grid nodes can create inconvenience - in this case, it is disabled or objects are moved while the ALT key is pressed.
4. The thickness of the contour line and the fill color of an object are related to the properties of the object. All object properties can be edited in the AutoShape Format dialog box, which is opened with the Format > AutoShape command, or through the object's context menu, or by double-clicking on the object itself. In particular, you control the thickness and shape of contour lines, as well as fill parameters, using the controls on the Colors and Lines tab of this dialog box.
5. The rotation of the object can be controlled discretely and continuously. To arbitrarily rotate a shape, use the Actions > Rotate/Flip command > Free rotation from the Drawing toolbar. To rotate by a fixed angle, enter the angle value in the Rotation counter field on the Size tab of the AutoShape Format dialog box.
6. The interaction of a drawn object with surrounding text can be quite complex. So, for example, text can flow around a picture according to a given pattern, but it can lie both on top of the picture and under it. Selecting the method for interacting the picture with the text is done on the Position tab in the AutoShape Format dialog box.
Creating inscriptions in the picture field. Drawings can contain text elements, such as titles, letters, or numbers in diagrams and drawings. In principle, the necessary inscriptions can be created using basic word processor tools, but in this case it is very difficult to ensure the exact position of the picture relative to the associated text, especially if the text is not final and can be further edited and formatted. For Web pages, this method is generally unacceptable, since they are formatted every time they are viewed, and in unpredictable ways.
To create text elements attached to autoshapes or pictures, use the special tool Caption (Insert > Inscription). Having created an autoshape, create an Inscription element next to it. The required text is entered into the caption field, after which the caption can be edited. Its size is adjusted to the size of the text it contains by dragging the markers. Other properties of the label are set in the Label Format dialog box, which is opened for the selected label using the Format command. > Inscription. The controls presented on the tabs of this window allow you to configure:
Background color (if you set the No fill option, the inscription will be on a transparent background);
The color, type and thickness of the framing lines (if you set the No lines option when selecting a color, then the other parameters are meaningless);
The dimensions of the internal margins between the text and the outer frame of the Caption field (assigned on the Caption tab).
Having created the Inscription object, it can be grouped with a picture, and then they will represent an integral composition.
For autoshapes there is a special tool for creating text decoration - text can be placed in the autoshape field. This is done using the Add text command in the autoshape context menu. If the text is too large, you can either resize the AutoShape by dragging its handles, or change the format of the text by reducing the font size using the Formatting panel. This technique is used when creating block diagrams and functional diagrams of devices.
Working with clipart. Creating quite complex compositions can be very labor-intensive. In such cases, ready-made libraries are used (collections) drawings (cliparts), including thematic ones. Such libraries are distributed on separate CDs and can be found on the Internet, but a basic, simple collection can be installed with the word processor - it is included in the package. Microsoft Office.
To insert clipart, use the Insert command. > Drawing > Pictures. The corresponding button (Add a picture) is also available on the Drawing toolbar. This opens the Task Pane in Insert Picture mode. This name is quite arbitrary, since clipart is an expanded concept. Cliparts include not only graphic objects, but also sound clips and video clips - they can also be inserted into a document using this tool.
To search for graphic clipart, expand the Search for objects list and leave the checkboxes only in the categories you need. Then click the Find button. Images of all found clipart will appear on the panel. Having found the desired clipart, you can insert it into the document with a simple click.
When working with clipart, you should keep in mind that it is not always possible to choose exactly the clipart that best matches the nature of the document. Therefore, clipart should be considered not as ready-made design tools, but as blanks for their creation. Cliparts are compositional objects. They can be “disassembled” into their components, their elements can be edited individually, compositions can be created from objects taken from different cliparts. All this is done by editing the cliparts inserted into the document,
The usual procedure for editing clipart is as follows:
The clipart is selected by clicking the left mouse button;
Open its context menu by right-clicking;
In the context menu, select the Edit picture command - it opens in editing mode;
In this mode, they work with individual objects that make up the drawing.
When working with clipart objects, use the commands to ungroup and change order. If you need to select one component object from a complex composition, then the simplest technique is not to select all the elements that are included in it, but to remove those that are not included in it. After each deletion, you can issue the undo command CTRL+Z, checking what has changed in the composition of the drawing. If the changes are desired, they are restored with the CTRL+Y command, and if not, they proceed to selecting and deleting other elements.
Combining objects belonging to different cliparts is done by copying via the clipboard Windows(CTRL+C and CTRL+V). When creating new objects from ready-made clipart, you often have to change the size of the final drawing. The simplest way to do this is to use the Fit Size button on the Canvas toolbar. With this operation, the borders of the picture are adjusted to the size of the content.
Special design tools. These design tools are represented by buttons on the Drawing toolbar. They allow:
Manage fill color, outline color and text color;
Control the thickness of solid lines and stroke parameters for dashed lines;
Convert lines into arrows and control the shape of their ends;
Create shadow effects;
Create 3D effects.
For each of the specified buttons, a palette opens that allows you to customize the result of the effect. If a shadow or 3D effect is applied to an object, you cannot edit the result of this effect directly in the document field, since, unlike the outlines of flat objects, the outlines of 3D effects are not objects and do not have control handles. Therefore, for objects that have a shadow or three-dimensional design, other editing techniques are used:
Select an object in a document field;
Use the Shadow or Volume button on the Drawing toolbar;
In the palette that opens, select the Shadow Adjustment or Volume Adjustment control;
This opens the toolbar of the same name, through which special objects can be edited.
Working with Images
Under images refers to raster graphic objects executed by third-party software or obtained from an external source. They are inserted into a document using the linking or embedding method. The general command for inserting such objects is Insert > Drawing > From file. This command opens the standard Add Picture dialog box, in which you select a file containing the image.
Selecting the insertion method. In a word processor Microsoft Word XP You can insert your favorite picture into a document in three ways: implementation, linking And implementation with binding.
1. In the first case, the object will be included in the document and can be transferred along with it.
2. In the second case, it will remain at its storage location, and the document will only include a pointer to the original source.
3. In the third case, the object will be included in the document, but its connection with the original source will remain. This is useful if the possibility of editing the original source is assumed and it is necessary to ensure synchronous editing of the embedded object.
The insertion method is selected in the Add Picture dialog box. In its lower right corner there is a drop-down list in which you should select one method from three possible ones. *
Change the insertion method. If injection was chosen as the insertion method, then nothing can be changed. The user of a document in which an image is embedded is naturally deprived of access to the original. If one of two methods was used during insertion, implying a connection with the original, then the method can be changed.
When you select an object that has a connection with the original, the Links item in the Edit menu is activated, opening the Links dialog box.
The controls in this dialog box allow you to:
Update the link (if the original has changed);
Break the connection (and move on to storing the object in the document);
Change the source (establish a connection with another object or with the same object, but stored in a different location);
Switch to the simultaneous embedding and linking method by selecting the Store in document check box.
Interaction of image with text. The main part of the tools for adjusting the properties of images in a text document is concentrated on the Image Adjustment toolbar (View > Toolbars > Image settings). As a rule, when you select a picture in the text of a document, this panel opens automatically.
Based on the way they interact with text, there are two main types of images: embedded in a string (inline) And free (floating). Images of the first type can be conditionally considered as separate characters: when the text moves during the editing process, the image moves with it and remains in the place of the text where it was placed. The position of the free image on the page is not related to the input position. The image interacts with the text through wrapping.
To control how an image interacts with text, use the Position tab in the Format Picture dialog box, which is opened with the Format command. > Picture or the Picture Format button on the Picture Settings toolbar. The In Text control embeds an image into a text string. Other elements are used to select one of the flow methods. If an image is inserted into a document as a free image, you can access additional wrapping options from the menu that opens with the Text Wrap button on the Image Adjustment toolbar. In particular, there is an item called Change Wrap Contour, which allows you to create interesting options for wrapping an image along a curved contour.
Image editing techniques. In a word processor Microsoft Word XP There are two means for editing the embedded bitmap.
The first tool is internal, and the second is external, connected when installing the processor. The internal tool is represented by the controls in the Image Adjustment toolbar (View > Toolbars > Image settings). The external image editing tool is the editor Microsoft Photo Editor3.0. It must be connected when installing Microsoft Word XP just like the formula editor Microsoft Equation 3.0 and Chart and Graph editor Microsoft Chart.
The internal image editing tool has relatively few capabilities, and strictly speaking, it is not entirely correct to consider it an image editing tool. When using it, the original image does not change, only the way it is displayed in the document changes. What's actually being edited here is not the image, but the filter that controls how it appears in the document.
On the Image Adjustment toolbar, the image adjustment tools are represented by the following buttons;
Increase contrast;
Reduce contrast;
Increase brightness;
Decrease brightness;
Trimming;
Set transparent color.
The transparent color setting feature is of particular importance for creating Web - pages. It allows you to designate one (any) of the image colors as “transparent”. When placing such a graphic object on top of other objects (this is done by setting the wrapping method), all objects of the underlying layer are visible through those areas of the top image that have a color set to transparent. Of course, the images used for such a presentation must be specially prepared. They should have large areas painted with a uniform background color. To do this, the image is either pre-processed in a graphics editor or immediately shot with a digital camera against a uniform background (usually blue).
External image editing tool (editor Microsoft Photo Editor Z.0) is designed to modify the original file and therefore only applies to images embedded in the document, but not linked. Moreover, inserting an image into a document in this case should not be done as usual (Insert > Drawing > From file), and another way - Insert > An object > Microsoft Photo Editor 3.0 Photo. This opens a window for creating a new image. Create a picture, in which you should enable the Open existing switch.
A pre-prepared image is opened from a file and can be edited using the editor Microsoft Photo Editor Z.0. When editing is complete, the editor window is closed and the image is automatically embedded in the text document. If you need to continue editing it in the future, double-clicking on the object will open the image directly in the editor Microsoft Photo Editor 3.0.
Creation of complex text documents
Techniques for creating http://www.suzdal-city.ru – city of Suzdal – information and educational site text documents using a word processor simple Microsoft Word. http://www.suzdal-city.ru – city of Suzdal – information and educational site these documents were classified only because they did not contain objects embedded in the text. Accordingly, we did not consider the issues of interaction between text and embedded objects.
In this chapter we will look at techniques for creating To conditional category text documents containing special design elements and built-in objects of a non-text nature (formulas, tables, diagrams, artistic headings, raster and vector illustrations, as well as multimedia objects).
Complex text documents are considered documents that contain special design elements and built-in objects of a non-text nature: formulas, tables, diagrams, artistic headings, raster and vector illustrations, as well as multimedia objects.
Inserting formulas into the text. The Microsoft Equation formula editor is used to create complex mathematical formulas. That is, the editor allows you to enter formulas containing fractions, integrals, roots, matrices, select the size, location and format of various elements of the formula, and enter explanatory text. After executing the command Insert-Text-Insert Object-Microsoft Equation 3.0 The formula editor window appears on the screen.
Rice. 1.6. Formula editor window
A formula in the editor is created by selecting templates and symbols from the editor's toolbar and entering numbers and variables in the spaces provided for them in the template. To create a formula, you must first select its template, and then enter the required mathematical expressions in its empty fields. When you insert a formula template into a document, the cursor moves to the field in which information must be entered first. This template field is called the main field. An example of creating a formula is shown below using templates.
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After filling out the main field, you should proceed to filling out the other fields of the template. You can control the movement of the cursor between fields when filling them out using the mouse or cursor keys. By inserting templates into fields of other templates, you can create a complex hierarchy of formulas. When creating formulas, special styles of their representation are observed (typefaces and font sizes, spacing, alignment, etc.), corresponding to certain types of formulas. The formula is saved when you close the formula field by clicking outside this field. To make changes to an existing formula, double-click on the formula to activate the formula field and the formula editor. Next, the cursor is placed in the desired place in the formula, and changes are made. All operations of deleting, copying, aligning and other operations of editing and formatting formula elements are performed similarly to similar operations on the main elements of the document text.
Creating and editing tables.Table is a collection of cells located in rows and columns that can be filled with arbitrary text, formulas and graphics. Simple tables and Excel spreadsheets can be inserted into the document text.
In a simple table, the number of cells in each row does not exceed 63; cells of one row can be combined or split into several cells. The cell address consists of the column name and the row serial number.
A single cell can be treated as a separate document: it has text input, editing, and formatting options available to it. When you enter long text, the cell usually stretches vertically, but its width does not change.
You can create a table in one of the following ways:
· team Insert-Tables-Table. In the dialog box Inserting a table the parameters of the new table are set - the number of rows, columns, column width, table auto-formatting;
· team Table - Draw table. If you need to create a table with a complex structure in Word, you can draw the structure of the table by hand using a pencil.
One or more of the first rows of a table can be defined as a header. These lines are automatically repeated at the beginning of pages when the table is split or moved to other pages. Headers are created using the command Table-Headers.
Editing the table structure: adding and deleting rows, columns and cells is done using menu commands Table-Insert or the context menu (preliminarily select what you want to insert: a row or a column). You can change the width of a column by dragging its border with the mouse. In page layout view mode, changing the width and height of cells is also performed using mouse manipulations on the horizontal and vertical formatting bars. When entering information into a cell, its height automatically increases if the entered information does not fit at the specified width. There is a command in Word Table-Autofit, which automatically sets the width of the columns according to the amount of information entered. The same command allows you to align the row height and column width. To resize rows, columns, and cells, use the command Table-Table Properties- select the desired tab and set the appropriate parameters.
You can apply basic menu commands to table cells Format. Team Table-Autoformat automatically formats the entire table. The dialog box offers several dozen different formatting options, which can be further customized using the appropriate switches.
Table headings can be decorated with a decorative font, colorful framing and background fill. The latest procedures are carried out according to the command dialog box Format-Borders and Shading or using the toolbar Tables and borders.
To create a table header, you need to merge several cells or split one cell into several cells. For these operations the commands are used Table–Merge Cells or Table - Split Cells or corresponding panel buttons Tables and borders. Cells must be previously selected
To change the direction of text in a table, select the text and use the context menu to select the command Text direction.
Sorting data in a table is carried out using the commands Home-Paragraph-Sorting by key columns, priority of features and sorting type are determined by the user.
A Word document table may contain formulas that are inserted into cells using the command Table-Formula or entered manually, starting with the = sign. All calculations in a table can be divided into simple calculations, counting values in rows and columns, and calculating the result based on values scattered throughout the document.
For calculations in the table, table links and special functions of various categories, numerical constants, symbols of mathematical operations, and links to bookmarks are used. To refer to a cell, use the cell name, for example B4 or an indication of a certain set of cells, for example B4:C6 or directions of calculations ( LEFT– from left to right, RIGHT- from right to left, ABOVE- top down).
In Fig. 1.7 shows a table that shows how rows and columns are numbered. To organize calculations in this table, you can use cell addresses and symbols of mathematical operations or functions in the formula, which indicate the range of cells or the direction of calculation.
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Rice. 1.7. Example table
So, for example, to count cell D4, place the cursor in this cell and execute the Table-Formula command. In the dialog box that opens, in line 1.2.3. Creation of complex and text documents
We use the =SUM(LEFT) function, which specifies the summation of all numeric values located to the left of cell D4. To calculate cell G4, we can no longer apply calculation by direction, otherwise the sum will include all cells that lie to the left of this cell. Therefore, in the formula line we enter =SUM(E4:F4) indicating the range. You can also use a calculation indicating an arithmetic operation. Then the formula will look like this: =E4+F4. To calculate totals by columns and rows, you can use the button Autosums, but in this case the program itself chooses the direction and you need to be careful when calculating. If the result is incorrect, the formula can be corrected using the command Table-Formula.
Graphs and diagrams. Tables are convenient for storing precise numerical data, but people often need not exact numbers, but a general idea of the value of a parameter. Therefore, it is useful to back up tabular data with charts, which display information using graphical elements such as histograms, pie charts, or graphs.
To create a diagram, you must first select the data in the table on the basis of which the diagram will be built, and place this data on the clipboard using the copy operation. Next, call the diagram creation command in one of the following ways: menu command Insert-Object-Microsoft Graph, team Insert-Illustrations-Diagram. A chart will appear in the Word document and the Microsof Graph data table window will open. Information from the table will be transferred to the Graph window, and Word menus and toolbars will be replaced with the corresponding components of the Graph module, as shown in Fig. 1.8.
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Rice. 1.8. Microsoft Graph window
The data table for constructing a chart is editable: you can make changes to the data directly in the table cells, modify the structure of the data table - add or delete table rows and columns.
A chart has a specific type and consists of a series of data and design elements (headings, axes, labels, legends, arrows, free text). The chart type is selected using the chart editor command Chart-Types of Charts. When you select a chart element by double-clicking the mouse, you can use the menu commands Format change any of its format characteristics. The formatting command can be selected by selecting a chart element from the context menu.
A series is a series (row or column) of data points that are displayed on a chart. The default chart assumes that the series are arranged in rows: text from the first column of the data table will be inserted into the legend as series names, and text from the first row (category names) will be inserted as horizontal line tick marks. Using menu commands Data You can change the orientation of the chart.
The created chart can be made more visual and easy to read using various chart options. The options available for change depend on the type and format of the chart used to create it. To customize an existing chart type use the menu commands Chart-Chart Options. Using the tabs in this dialog box, you can customize chart elements such as titles, axes, gridlines, data labels, and so on.
To exit Microsoft Graph and return to editing your Word document, click the document outside the graph. Microsoft Graph will exit and Word menus and toolbars will reappear. The chart and data are saved as embedded objects. To relaunch Microsoft Graph and return to working with the graph, double-click it. The data table can be closed by clicking the close window button. The size of the created diagram can be changed. To do this, double-click on the diagram. Resizing handles will appear around the chart. Using the mouse, drag one of the markers in the desired direction. In this case, the diagram elements will change their sizes in proportion to the changed sizes of the entire diagram.
Working with graphic objects. Graphic objects that can be used in Word are drawings and images. Drawings is an object of vector nature. Image- These are raster objects that Word does not have the tools to create.
You can create a drawing in a Word document in the following ways:
· execute command Insert-Text-Object-tab Create-Drawing;
· bring up the Drawing panel by executing the command Home-Font
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· Insert-Illustrations-Shapes-New Canvas
Using the tools in this panel, you can create drawings, diagrams, flowcharts of algorithms, etc. Drawings are created using standard elements: line, arrow, rectangle, oval and autoshapes. The created drawn objects can be filled with different colors, create different colored outlines and use labels using buttons 
on the panel Drawing. When you create any drawing object, Word automatically inserts a special area in your document that is dedicated exclusively to drawing. The main advantage of this area is that it groups all the drawn objects placed on it, and allows you to work with the composite drawing as a single whole.
A drawn object can have a multi-layer structure, then the individual elements of the drawing must be placed in a certain way relative to each other. There are buttons on the toolbar for this purpose. Actions-Order Drawing panels: bring to Front, To the background, Place before text, Place behind text.
To insert a finished picture, you need to run the following commands: Insert - Illustrations - Drawing - from a file (or a picture).
Certain drawing editing operations (copying, moving, deleting, etc.) can be performed on a group of drawing object elements. To do this, use the buttons Actions-Group (Ungroup, Regroup) panels Drawing or the same commands from the context menu of the selected objects.
To resize a picture, you need to select it. Each drawing has 8 markers. You can adjust the drawing to certain sizes. To do this, you need to call the context menu and select the size of the picture. You can change the size of the picture using one of the picture markers. To do this, place the mouse pointer on the marker and drag in the desired direction. Selected drawn objects and their parts can be rotated horizontally or vertically using a special marker (different from color selection markers), on which the mouse pointer changes to a circular arrow. Using this marker, you can use the left mouse button to rotate the drawing. You can also cut out some of the design. To do this, you need to select the picture - Format - Size - Trimming, point at the drawing, and cut in the right place. To design a picture as a background (text background in the form of a picture), use the button Color-Background and then place the picture behind the text using the appropriate button command Actions.
Using a button Actions-Grid A window is displayed for setting the horizontal and vertical displacement step when moving drawn objects after they are selected. The position of selected objects can be coordinated relative to each other or the printed page using the commands Actions - Align (Distribute).
The format of the selected picture can be changed using the context menu command of the same name.
The picture can be inserted into a previously prepared text frame, as well as into Inscription. Usage Inscriptions allows:
· moving text, pictures, tables, or other objects anywhere on the page;
· text wrapping around the inscription;
· moving an inscription between document layers;
· grouping text and other objects in one label;
Insert Inscriptions carried out by teams Insert-Inscription. Changing the size of the inscription is carried out in the same way as with any selected object. Labels can be grouped and formatted using context menu commands. The selected inscription is deleted using the Del key.
Modern computers are an excellent tool for creating and storing the results of research work in the form of articles, theses, coursework and diploma papers, and dissertations. Most of these materials, in addition to text, may contain formulas, tables, diagrams and drawings. To create such documents, the word processor Microsoft Word is used.
Word - one of the most modern programs in the class of word processors - makes it possible to perform all traditional operations on text, without exception, provided by modern computer technology:
=> Typesetting and modification of unformatted alphanumeric information;
=> Formatting characters using a variety of fonts of various styles and sizes;
=> Page formatting (including headers and footers); => Formatting the document as a whole (automatic compilation of a table of contents and various indexes);
=* Spell checking, selection of synonyms and automatic word hyphenation.
The Word processor implements the latest technology for linking and embedding objects, which allows you to include text fragments, tables, and illustrations prepared in other Windows applications into a document. Built-in objects can be edited using these applications. Word is one of the main elements of Microsoft office technology, whose basic operations make it easier to master other modern computer technologies, including those described above.
The Word processor is launched when running on Windows 95 and higher operating systems using the menu that appears when you click on the button Start> Programs> simple There may be a Word icon on your desktop as well. In this case, just double-click on this icon with the left mouse button and the program will load.
Typing, editing and formatting text material. Start off typing you can immediately after starting the Word program, or by using the command Create from the menu File, or by clicking the button Create on the toolbar Standard (first button on the left). The current document window always contains a blinking vertical bar -- cursor- Text input is carried out by typing from the keyboard. The characters you type appear at the cursor location. The cursor moves to the right as you type. When the text reaches the right edge of the page, it automatically wraps to a new line. To force a line to end and start a new paragraph, press the key Enter.
The easiest way to place the cursor in the desired place in the document is to click the mouse at the desired point. You can also do this using the cursor keys (right, left, up, and down arrow keys). Using the key Note the cursor can be moved to the beginning of the current line, and by pressing the key End, -- appear at the end of the current line. When preparing documents of relatively large volumes (coursework And thesis, dissertation) to control the cursor, you can use key combinations (press two keys at the same time) or special keys:
Ctrl + Home -- to the beginning of the document;
Ctrl + End -- to the end of the document;
Page up -- up one screen;
Page down -- down one screen;
Ctrl + Page down -- forward one printed page;
Ctrl + Page up -- back one printed page;
Ctrl +< на одно слово назад;
Ctrl + -> -- forward one word;
Ctrl + 1 -- one paragraph forward;
Ctrl + T -- go back one paragraph.
To type capital letters, you must first press the key Shift and, without releasing it, press the corresponding key With letter. If you need to type everything in capital letters (for example, chapter titles), you must first press the key Caps Lock. To cancel this mode, press this key again. When this key is pressed, the indicator with the same name on the keyboard at the top right lights up.
Switching from Cyrillic (Russian alphabet) to Latin (English alphabet) and back is done using key combinations. It all depends on what combination is installed in your Windows: “left Ctrl", "two keys Shift simultaneously", "left Shift +Alt" etc. To make sure which combination you have, you need to experiment by pressing the combination of these keys. An easier option is to use the mouse and click on the icon Ru or Ep, which is located on the screen below - on the right.
When typing text, you often need to use certain symbols that are not on the keyboard, for example, a sign meaning a degree or a paragraph, etc. In such cases, the corresponding symbols are entered through the menu Insert> Symbols.
Having selected the desired symbol, you need to click on it with the mouse, then click on the button in the same window Insert and by button Close, which appears instead of a button Cancel after pressing the button Insert. The symbol you are interested in will be inserted at the place where the cursor was at that time and you determined the insertion location.
When preparing scientific papers, it is often necessary to provide certain enumerations that may be numbered or marked. In the first case, a number is placed in front of each item, with further enumeration they increase, and in the marked version, dashes and dots are placed (bullets) etc. In Word these operations are automated. So, for example, to number paragraphs, you need to put a number in the first of them (Arabic, Roman, capital or lowercase Latin letter) followed by a period (you can use a hyphen or a closing parenthesis). After a space, type the text of the paragraph and press Enter. IN in a new paragraph, the next number or letter will appear automatically. If you want to insert another one between two numbered paragraphs, they will all renumber themselves. To exit this mode, press the key twice Enter continue dialing without numbers.
Of course, you can use special buttons on the toolbar Formatting. If you click on the number button at the beginning of a paragraph, numbered lists will appear. When you click on the button with the image of bullets, bulleted lists will appear.
It should be noted that using the menu Format > List You can independently set different options for numbering and enumeration elements, as well as change and delete them.
If you made a mistake when typing, that is, you entered the wrong character or group of characters, you can erase them using the keys Backspace-- to the left of the cursor or Delete -- to the right of the cursor. When missing individual characters or words, you must place the cursor at the place where you want to add the missing one, and use the keyboard to type in what is missing. Additionally, if you make a mistake, Word has special tools to undo the previous operation. To do this, click on the button with the image of an arcuate arrow pointing to the left on the toolbar Standard. Using this button, you can cancel not just one, but as many previous commands as you like. If you made a mistake and canceled something you needed, you can return what you lost using a similar button, but with an arched arrow pointing to the right. The same operations can be performed through the menu bar Edit> Cancel or Return.
Spell check. Typed text is usually spell checked before formatting. Word processor
Word makes it much easier to create literate and literary-correct documents. Text checking and error correction can be done automatically or manually. To automatically correct errors, you must first enter the window Service> Options> Spelling and in a small window under the word Spelling put a check mark in front of the line: Automatically check spelling.
In this mode, even as you type, Word will find unfamiliar words and underline them red wavy line. If you have checked the box opposite the line automatically check grammar, then Word will also find grammatical errors (extra and missing commas, lack of word agreement), which will be underlined with a green wavy line. However, it should be noted that the grammar check still gives too many false positives. Having seen your mistake, you can right-click on the specified word - and an additional menu will appear, with which you can correct spelling and grammatical errors. If all this distracts you while typing, simply click on the left mouse button to uncheck the boxes.
The command button allows you to check spelling after creating a document Spelling in the toolbar Standard. Having received such a command, the program checks the entire document, stopping when an error is detected and allowing it to be corrected.
When editing documents consisting of a significant number of pages, Word provides an excellent opportunity return to the place where you last edited. To do this you need to use the key combination Shift+E5. Information about the location of the last edit is stored in the file itself. By loading it at any time, you can press a key Shift+E5 you will get to the place where you interrupted your work last time.
Often, in the process of creating a scientific work, there is a need to remove something from the text, move something, or copy something. To perform such operations, as well as for subsequent text formatting, such fragments must first be selected. You can select in a variety of ways: using the mouse, keyboard, or a combination of these tools. The selected text will be white on a black background. To remove a selection, click the mouse or press any cursor key. You can select with the mouse as follows:
=> Double click on a word and it will be highlighted;
=> Triple-click on a word and the entire paragraph will be highlighted;
=> Click to the left of the text field (where the mouse cursor turns into an arrow) and the line will be highlighted;
=> Double click to the left of the text field and the paragraph will be highlighted;
=> Triple-click to the left of the text field and all the text will be highlighted;
=> To randomly select individual characters, words, text fragments, you need to place the cursor in front of the selected fragments and, pressing the left mouse button, drag the mouse towards the selection, having achieved the desired result, release the key.
So, you can highlight specific pieces of text and non-text objects. What can you do with them? First, delete, cut (delete to clipboard), copy to clipboard. Paste one or more times into another place in the text or into another document. All these operations can be done both with text and with inserted objects (drawings, tables, formulas). For this purpose you can use the menu Edit, but it is better and more convenient to perform these operations using the buttons on the toolbar Formatting.
If you need to remove a piece of text or an object and paste it somewhere else, you can use the button with the image of scissors (cut). When you left-click on this button, the selected fragment goes to the clipboard. After that, you find a new place where you want to insert this fragment (insertion point) - this is where the cursor should be - and click on the button Insert. This way you move a piece of text or an object to a new location.
Sometimes it is necessary to copy a piece of text or an object to a new place, while leaving it in the old place. To perform this operation, you must first select a piece of text or an object and click on the button Copy on the toolbar Formatting, next to the button Cut out. In this case, the text fragment will go to the clipboard, while remaining in the same place. In order to paste the copied fragment into a new place, just click on the button Insert.
When performing these operations, you must remember that the information on the clipboard is stored until you place new information there. As soon as you cut or copy a new fragment, the previous one will disappear from there. For removal the selected fragment uses the key Delete.
Another useful feature is provided by Word when changing the case of letters. For example, if the text fragment consisted of only lowercase letters, and you would like each word to begin with a capital letter (when typing surnames, city names, etc.), just press the key combination Shift+F3. When pressed a second time, all letters in the fragment are replaced with z-
main ones (a set of chapter titles). At the third time, they become lowercase again. When the text is not selected, changing the case by Shift+F3 occurs only in the word where the cursor is located.
In the process of preparing scientific and methodological works, it is often necessary to use footnotes. In each case, a footnote can be inserted using the menu Insert> Footnote. In the dialog box that appears, you can specify the location of the footnote text (on this page or at the end of the document), automatic entry of footnote numbers, or manual entry. Using a button Options You can set the number format and numbering method (page-by-page or continuous). After completing these operations, click on the button OK -- and you will find yourself in a special footnote window (if you worked in ordinary display mode) or directly in a specified location at the bottom of the page (if you worked in markings). The number or asterisk will be inserted into the text itself, and you can enter the footnote text. You can get from a number mark or asterisk to its footnote window and return back to it through the menu View> Footnotes But it's easier to achieve this by double-clicking on the label. To delete a footnote, select its label and delete it.
Text formatting. Text formatting means selecting and changing the font typeface, its size and style, text alignment, and managing paragraph parameters. Of course, many parameters can be set before preparing the document (font size, typeface, etc.). However, as the work progresses and during the final design, the need for additional formatting arises. For formatting, operations concentrated in the menu are used Format. But still, many operations are easier to perform using buttons on the toolbar Formatting.
Let's start with the font design. If you could use any font when typing, then when finalizing scientific and methodological work it is customary to use the font Times New Roman. A window is used to select the font Font with a button with an arrow on the side Ў. This window contains a list of fonts (typefaces) installed on your system. If you click on the arrow on the right, the list will open and you can find the typeface you need and, by clicking on it, change the font in the selected fragment. After this, you need to determine the font size. Therefore, in the window next to the previous one, using the arrow, you need to select the required font size. When designing scientific and scientific-methodological works, the font size is most often used 14.
Using the following three buttons on the toolbar, you can give the selected fragment one of three styles:
:=> Clicking on the button with the letter AND, you will set the style to bold;
=> Clicking on the button with the letter TO-- italic style; => When you click on a button with an underlined letter H the entire selection will be underlined.
To cancel any of the styles, simply release the corresponding button, that is, click on it again. Additional font design options are provided by the command in the menu Format> Font.
Typed text can be aligned in one of four ways using the buttons on the formatting bar.
After clicking this button, all lines of the selected fragment will be aligned to the left edge of the page.
Using this button, you can align the lines to the center of the page. This is especially important when formatting chapter titles and subtitles.
This button aligns text to the right edge of the page.
And using the last button allows you to align the text on both sides at the same time. But with this arrangement of text, large gaps appear between words. Therefore it is advisable to use Transfers. For this purpose in the menu Service> Language> Hyphenation it is enough to allow automatic transfer. Additional options are provided by the command from the menu Format> Paragraph.
Entering formulas into a document. When preparing educational, methodological and scientific work, you often have to enter mathematical expressions and formulas into a text document. One such specialized application is MathCad. However, its functions are much broader than the tasks that specialists in the field of physical education and sports have to solve when conducting scientific research in pedagogical areas, therefore, to enter formulas, it is enough to use the built-in formula editor in the Word processor, which is called Microsoft Equation 3.0. It allows you to create formula objects and insert them into a text document. If necessary, the inserted object can be edited directly in the document field.
To launch the formula editor, use the command Insert> An object. IN In the Insert Object dialog box that opens, select Microsoft Equation 3.0.
Having selected the above item, click on the OK button of this window. The control panel will open Formula. In this case, the word processor menu bar is replaced by the formula editor menu bar. The formula editor toolbar contains two rows of buttons.
The buttons on the bottom row create unique templates containing fields for entering characters. So, for example, to enter the square root of a number, you should select the appropriate
This pattern has a square root sign. These fields can be filled in using either the keyboard or the top line controls. Transitions between fields are performed using the cursor key.
Entering and editing formulas is completed by pressing the key Esc or closing the formula editor panel. You can also left-click in a document field outside the formula entry area. The entered formula is automatically inserted into the text as an object. Then you can move it to any other place in the document through the clipboard, having previously selected it, or place it on the page in the desired place by grabbing the object, pressing the left mouse button and releasing it in the desired place. By holding the selection squares, you can make the object smaller or larger. When typing formulas with subsequent editing in mind, you should enter the entire formula only in the formula editor; in addition, it is not recommended to use characters of the Russian alphabet.
Creating tables. Quite often, information in scientific papers has to be presented in the form of tables. Unlike Excel, when you need to use table data for calculations, the Word processor also has the ability to create tables intended not for calculations, but for presenting information in a convenient form. For this purpose, three methods can be used:
1. Small tables are created using the button on the Standard toolbar. Clicking this button opens a helper element. Move the mouse pointer to the first cell from the left in the top row of this element
To determine the number of rows and columns of your table, click on the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move the mouse diagonally downwards, while the table cells will gradually turn dark, indicating the size of the table below. Having reached the appropriate size, release the mouse button - and an empty table with the required number of rows and columns will be inserted into your document.
- 2. An empty table with an arbitrary number of rows and columns is created using a command from the menu bar Table> Add a table. The number of rows and columns is set using counters in the dialog box Insert tables.
- 3. It is better to draw a free-form table or delete it manually. On the toolbar Standard click on the button Tables and borders. An additional control panel appears with images of tools. By clicking on the button on this panel Draw a table (with the image of a pendant), first draw the frame of the table, and then break it into separate cells. In this case, the cells can be of various sizes. If you make a mistake, use the tool Eraser You can erase individual lines of the table or the table as a whole.
Entering and editing text in table cells is absolutely no different from entering regular text. To do this, the cursor must first be placed in the appropriate cell. While working or immediately before entering information into cells, you can change the column width and row height. This is done as follows. Move the cursor to the vertical line delimiting the column, and when the cursor transforms into a symbol with arrows pointing in opposite directions, press the left mouse button and move the vertical line to the right or left. When you reach the desired column width, release the mouse. You can change the row height in the same way. However, in this case, the cursor must be moved to a horizontal line and wait until it turns into a figure with arrows pointing up and down. Then, by clicking on the left mouse button, move the line up or down. It should be noted that the line height automatically increases if the information being typed does not fit within it.
Typed text can be formatted and aligned in individual cells, rows or columns using the same buttons that are used when typing and formatting regular text material. But in this case, it is necessary to first select individual elements of the table or the table as a whole. For example, select cell you can by clicking on its left side, next to the grid line, where the cursor turns into an arrow. For line selection click to the left of it. If, without releasing the mouse key, you move it in any direction, you can select several adjacent cells, rows or columns for their joint design. Select entire table you can by double-clicking to the left of the table with the key pressed Alt. You can also use the menu to highlight and design Tables.
Table rows or columns can contain different numbers of cells. To do this, first create a table with an equal number of cells in rows and columns, and then merge or separate individual cells. Once you have selected the required cells in the menu bar, use the following commands: Table> Merge cells or Table> Break cells.
If you right-click on a cell and select the item in the context menu Text direction, then lines of text in a table cell can be positioned vertically. To format the entire table in the same way as in Excel, you can use the function Autoformat by command from the menu bar Table> Autoformat.
Creating and entering graphic objects into a document. IN Graphic materials occupy a significant place in scientific and methodological works. In this case, graphic materials mean drawings and images, or, as they are commonly called, vector And raster Images.
Drawings(vector images) consist of lines of various shapes (straight, curved) and geometric shapes. The simplest tools for creating them are available in the Word processor itself. To create more complex drawings, special programs are used, the most popular of which are Adobe Illustrator And CorelDraw. Vector images are typically stored in file types Windows Metafiles (wmf), Computer Graphics Metafiles (cgm), Corel Draw (cdr) And Encapsulated Postscript (eps). Changing the dimensions of a vector image does not lead to a deterioration in its quality.
Images-- these are raster objects, they consist of dots (pixels). The parameters of each point (coordinates, intensity, color) are described in the file. Because of this, bitmap images require a significant amount of memory. When you change the size or scale of a raster image, each pixel changes in size; As a result, the overall picture is distorted. Raster images are commonly used for photographs and background images. The main file types are bitmap files (bmp), Graphica Interchange Format (gif) And Joint Photographic Experts Group (jpeg or jpg). The Word word processor does not have the ability to create raster images. They are inserted into the document as external objects from a file prepared by other means (graphics editor, scanner, digital camera, graphics tablet). The most common programs for creating raster graphics are Adobe Photoshop And Corel Photo- paint.
You can also download any graphics that you come across on Web page. Move your mouse pointer to the image you are interested in and right-click. A context menu will appear on the screen, one of the items of which is - Save image as...(or Save drawing as...). If you click on this menu item, a regular dialog box will open Save as; the image will download to your hard drive. After this, the image can be inserted into your Word document.
There is often a need to remove graphic images from a computer screen. You can perform this operation using a key on the keyboard PrintScreen. The image will appear on the clipboard, and you can paste it anywhere in the document. If special editing is required in a graphic editor, for example Paint, you should open this program: Start> Programs> Standard> Graphic editor Paint. After that, paste from the clipboard into the graphic editor using the command from the menu bar: Edit> Insert. After editing the image using a graphic editor, you can do the following. Selecting a command from the menu bar Edit> Copy, save the image as a file for later use or place it back on the clipboard using one of the commands Edit> Cut or Edit> Copy. IN In the latter case, returning to your document, you can immediately insert the image into the desired place using the button Insert on the toolbar Standard or via the menu bar Edit> Insert. Through the clipboard, you can insert images into a Word document and from other applications and files, after selecting them there, and then applying commands Cut> Insert or Copy> Insert.
Microsoft considers standard graphics to be any graphics created using the above programs and methods. Therefore, to name graphic materials in the future we will use the term drawing.
To insert a picture into a Word document from a file, follow this procedure:
Place the insertion point (cursor) where you want the image to be inserted.
Select the command via the menu bar Insert> Drawing> Fromfile.
A dialog box will open Add a picture.
Select the desired file.
On the right side of the dialog box, select options related to images.
Editing inserted graphic materials. When you insert pictures into a Word document, you often have to change their location and size. In addition, you can crop pictures, make them brighter or more contrast, and decide how the text will interact with the picture using the function flow around, etc. When inserting a drawing, do not forget to first place the insertion point (cursor) approximately at the place in the document where your drawing should end up. The positioning at this stage is approximate, since the starting position may change depending on whether you make your drawing float on top of the text or not.
When the checkbox is checked On top of the text the image is superimposed on the text of the paragraph where you placed the insertion point. However, if you place your mouse pointer over the image, it will turn into a four-headed arrow. After this, you can press the left mouse button and drag the image to the desired location, then release the key.
Check mark On top of text should be reset when you want the image to appear directly above or below (or next to) a specific paragraph. In this case, the inserted image appears exactly where the insertion point is (even if it is in the middle of the line).
If your image is floating, more precise placement can be done with the command Format> Drawing, and then clicking on the tab Position.
Often, when inserting a picture, you have to adjust its dimensions. To do this, you first need to select the picture with a mouse click. After this, a frame appears around the picture with dimensional markers in the form of small squares placed in the corners and middles. However, different markers serve different purposes. Corner markers allow you to resize an image in two directions simultaneously, that is, the dimensions of the picture change proportionally. Middle markers allow you to resize an image either vertically only (using the top or bottom markers) or horizontally only (using the side markers). To resize an image, With Taking into account the above conditions, you need to move the cursor to one of the markers and, when it turns into a bidirectional arrow, press the left mouse button and, without releasing it, move it in the appropriate direction. When you achieve the desired result, release the mouse button.
Sometimes after inserting a picture, it becomes necessary to delete certain parts of it. A tool is used for this purpose Trimming. You can use this tool by first turning on the toolbar Image Settings by command from the menu bar View> Toolbars, and in the submenu select the item Image settings.
To crop a picture, you must first select it. Then click on the tool Trimming on additional pa- ^__ no tools Image settings, to activate it. After this, you can move the cursor to one of the dimensional markers around the frame with the picture, the cursor will turn into the shape of a tool Trimming. Now to execute Trimmings you should click on the left mouse button. Depending on which marker the cursor is on, it changes shape either to a square, if a corner marker, or to a sign With perpendicularly located lines. Move the cursor until you reach the desired result and release the key. If you make a mistake, you can use the button Cancel on the toolbar Standard or drag the marker back.
Using the additional toolbar Image Settings You can slightly change the contrast and brightness of the image using the corresponding buttons.
A very important element when preparing manuscripts in the Word processor is the function flow around, through which it becomes possible to wrap (place) text around a picture. To dialog box Flow around you can get in from the window Figure format via menu Format > Drawing or by the methods described above. In this window, click on the tab flow around, and a new window will open.
The Word processor offers a wide range of text wrapping options. To perform this operation, you must first select type wrapping by clicking on one of the options in the top row (group Flow around), For example Around the frame. Then you choose where you want the text to be located relative to the picture (group Text). In the same window you can set Distance drawing from text. After selecting the appropriate options, click the button OK.
Regardless of how you insert a picture into the text below the picture, you can also insert its title. To do this, first select the image by left-clicking on it, then select the command through the menu bar: Insert > Title, after which a dialog box will open Name.
In this window, click on the button Create-- and an additional window will appear New name for entering the name of the picture. By typing the name of the picture from the keyboard, for example “Fig. 1. Diagram...”, click on the button OK this window - and you will find yourself again in the first window. But unlike the first version of the window in the line Permanent part The name of the picture you just typed will appear. After that, click on the OK button of this window, and the name will appear in the text under the picture in the frame. Using the Ў button in the window The permanent part You can type the names of not only figures, but also tables and formulas.
The frame with the title text can also be selected, moved and the content edited. To remove the frame lines around the title of a picture, you need to select the title along with the frame, then open the dialog box Lettering format, similar to window Figure format, which you are already familiar with. The easiest way to open this window is by double-clicking on the title when the cursor changes to a four-headed arrow, or by clicking on the command from the menu bar Format > Caption. Click on the tab Colors and lines if another tab is open in the window, but usually it is this tab that is open.
Here in the second part of the window Lines, select color:“white” using the Ў button and click on the button OK. After this, the frame around the name will disappear under the picture.
Create your own drawings using Word tools. In Word, it is possible to prepare drawings (vector) directly in the text of the document. Use the toolbar to work with vector drawings Drawing.
The toolbar appears on the screen after clicking the button Drawing on the toolbar Standard or by command from the menu bar View> Toolbars> Drawing. The main tool for creating simple drawings on this panel is the drop-down list Autoshapes. Here are blanks for creating lines, straight lines and curves, simple geometric shapes, curly arrows and extension lines, drawing elements for flowcharts, etc.
The drawing toolbar includes more than 100 of the most common shapes, pattern fills, as well as functions for creating shadows and spatial effects. Drawings in Word can be moved, aligned, distributed, grouped, ungrouped, rotated, flipped, pushed forward, pushed back, moved behind text, etc. When preparing vector drawings, keep in mind that they typically consist of individual objects stacked on top of each other in several layers and grouped together.
Such drawings are convenient because each of their elements can be changed, deleted, dragged, enlarged, rotated, etc. When you select with a mouse click, lines will have a square at each end, and ovals, squares, and autoshapes will have eight, just like when you select images.
When preparing a compositional drawing, you should take into account not only the interaction of objects with the surrounding text, but also their interaction with each other. To do this, several simple objects are grouped into one composite object with the command Grouping> Group. To group, all objects must be previously selected. You can select by clicking the left mouse button on each object while holding down the key Shift. Or use the arrow button on the toolbar Drawing. By clicking on this button, you need to position the cursor at such a place on the screen that, with the left mouse button pressed, you can form a dotted frame that would include the necessary shapes, and release the key. In this case, all the figures included in the frame will be selected.
Team Grouping> Group can be done by clicking right click on one of the selected objects and select the command in the menu that opens Grouping> Group. Or use the button on the toolbar Drawing: Actions> Group. Reverse operation -- Grouping>
Ungroup -- allows you to disassemble a compositional drawing into its components.
When you double click on any element of the picture, a window appears Object format, similar to windows Figure format or Lettering format, Therefore, we will not describe other ways to open this window. Through the controls on the tabs of this window, you can perform almost the same operations as in the dialog box Format> Drawing.
And one last thing. Drawing objects can contain text elements, for example, headings - alphabetic or numerical designations on diagrams and drawings. Of course, the necessary inscriptions can be created using basic word processor tools, but in this case it is very difficult to ensure the exact position of the picture relative to the text associated with it. To create text elements attached to autoshapes or pictures, use a special tool Inscription, called by command from the menu bar Insert > Caption. The required text is entered into the caption field, after which the caption can be edited. Its size is adjusted to the size of the text it contains by dragging the markers.
So, the work is ready, you have typed the text, inserted images, tables, checked the spelling, and formatted it. Now you can print the document. But before you do this, you need to number the pages and prepare table of contents work. You can number pages using the command from the menu bar Insert> Page numbers. Here we choose whether the number will be at the top or bottom of the page, how it will be located in the line and whether it needs to be printed on the first page. The serial number is usually printed in the middle of the top of the page.
It should be noted that all pages of scientific and methodological work are numbered in order from the title page to the last page. The number 1 is not placed on the title page, the number 2 is placed on the next page, etc. To prevent the number 1 from appearing on the first page, you must uncheck the box First page number in the window Page numbers. In some cases, for example, when preparing teaching aids, it is customary to start numbering from page 3. To do this, in the window Page numbers click the button Format -- and an additional window will open Page number format. Opposite the line begin enter the appropriate number and click the button OK. Naturally, before performing this operation, you need to display the page from which the numbering will begin and set the cursor.
When preparing coursework, theses, and dissertations, you should create a table of contents. If your document used heading styles, formatting the table of contents will take you
no more than a minute. To create a standard, default table of contents, do the following:
Click where the table of contents will appear in the document (usually at the beginning of the document).
Select a team Insert> Table of contents and indexes.
Click on the tab Table of contents.
Click the button OK.
It is recommended that you carefully review the entire document in Preview mode before printing. There is a button for this Preview on the toolbar Standard or command File > Preview. In this mode, you can see quite well whether the text is divided into pages correctly, whether the pictures are in place, whether the title has become detached from the main text, whether the last page is too empty, and whether any elements are crawling into the margins.
If you click on the button Increase, and then across the page, you can enlarge the image. And if this button is released, you can select text fragments and objects, format and move them.
Using the button I You can view One or Several pages.
The Fit Pages button on the Preview toolbar is very useful. With its help you can remove the small “tail” on the last page. Once you've finished previewing, you can print the document. It is better to do this by command from the menu bar File> Seal. Here you can set to print all pages, only the current one, only the selected fragment, and selectively. In the same window you can : but set other printing parameters: the number of copies and the order in which they are printed; print to file, etc.
In conclusion of this section, I would like to draw attention to another interesting function of the Word processor - this is the Abstract function. When preparing articles, report abstracts, abstracts for dissertations, scientific reports, you have to spend a lot of time searching for keywords and highlighting the most significant fragments from a large document. Therefore, if you intend to create a short essay or abstract of a lengthy document, you can use the services of this function. Of course, it should immediately be noted that Abstract may not always present you with quality material. However, by independently completing the missing fragments and polishing the text, you can obtain material that fully meets your requirements.
the latest instructions. This will open a dialog box Abstract.
IN In this window you have four options to choose from:
Select the abstract in the source document window. Without changing the content of your document or creating a new one, Word will highlight the most important sentences from its point of view in yellow. You can preset the percentage of the original in the dialog box Abstract.
Create a new document and place the abstract in it. When you select this option, Word creates a new document and places the completed abstract in it.
Place the abstract at the beginning of the document. This option copies the finished abstract of the document to the beginning of the file. There it can be edited and saved along with the rest of the document.
Hide everything except the abstract in the source document window. This option does not change anything in the text of the current document - it temporarily hides all paragraphs that are not included in the final abstract.
Test questions and assignments
What is the difference between the concepts of Web server, Web site, Web page?
What is a Web page?
Why is the URL needed?
What are the programs for searching Web pages called?
What are the most common programs for searching and viewing Web pages?
How can I run viewer programs?
Where should I enter the URL in Internet Explorer?
In what folder can you store the URLs you need?
What are search engines used for?
What are the most common search engines?
What else besides Web pages can you find on the Internet?
What is meant by email?
What email program is included with the Internet Explorer web browser?
What parts are email addresses made of?
What is the procedure for creating and sending a message using Outlook Express?
How can I attach a file to an email? wellness physical sports training
How can I respond to a received message?
What are teleconferences?
On what basis are teleconference names based?
How do I create and reply to a newsgroup using Outlook Express?
What is a real-time conversation (Chat)?
How can I start Excel?
What is the name of the document in Excel?
What is the rectangular area of a table that contains a group of cells called?
How do you enter formulas into cells?
Specify how to use built-in functions (for example, to calculate statistics).
Specify the order in which charts and graphs are constructed.
What needs to be done to print an Excel document on paper?
What methods do you know of running the Word processor on Windows 95 and higher operating systems?
Why do you need a toolbar? Formatting"!
What are some ways to start creating a new document in Word?
How are characters inserted into document text?
How to create numbered and bulleted lists?
How to check spelling in a created document?
How can you enter formulas into the document you are creating?
List ways to create tables in the Word processor.
How to insert pictures into a Word document?
How to crop a picture?
What is “text wrapping” around a picture and how is this operation carried out?