Clock frequency 2 GHz. What does processor clock speed affect?
Historically, clock frequency processor is the main indicator of computer speed, and at one time even an uneducated person who did not know what optical disk different from flexible, he could confidently say that the more gigahertz in the machine, the better, and no one would argue with him. Today, in the middle of the computer era, this kind of fashion has passed, and developers are trying to move towards creating a more advanced architecture, increasing the amount of cache memory and the number of processor cores, but clock speed is the “queen” of characteristics. IN in a general sense, this is the number of elementary operations (cycles) that the processor can perform per second of time.
It follows that the higher the processor clock speed, the more basic operations the computer can perform, and, therefore, the faster it works.
The clock speed of advanced processors ranges from two to four gigahertz. It is determined by multiplying the processor bus frequency by a certain factor. For example, the Core i7 uses a x20 multiplier and has a bus frequency of 133 MHz, resulting in a processor clock speed of 2660 MHz.
Modern and cores
Despite the fact that “multi-core” was previously a novelty, today there are practically no single-core processors left on the market. And there is nothing surprising in this, because the computer industry does not stand still.
Therefore, you should clearly understand how the clock speed is calculated for processors with two or more cores.
It is worth saying that there is a common misconception about calculating the frequency for such processors. For example: "There are two nuclear processor with a clock frequency of 1.8 GHz, therefore its total frequency will be 2 x 1.8 GHz = 3.6 GHz, correct?" No, incorrect. Unfortunately, the number of cores does not affect the final clock speed in any way if your processor was running at a speed of 3 GHz, that’s how it will work, but at more cores, its resources will increase, and this, in turn, will greatly increase performance.
We should also not forget that the amount of cache memory is especially important for a modern processor. This is the most fast memory The computer in which it is duplicated work information, which requires more quick access V at the moment time.
Since this is very expensive and labor-intensive to produce, its values are relatively small, but these indicators are enough to increase the performance of the entire system without changing parameters such as clock speed.
Maximum processor clock speed and overclocking
No matter how good your computer is, someday it will become obsolete. But don’t rush to throw it in the trash and run to the nearest electronics store with an open wallet. Majority modern processors and video cards provide additional (in addition to the factory) overclocking, and, having good system cooling, you can increase the nominal frequency level by 200-300 GHz. For extreme sports enthusiasts and lovers of big numbers, there is also “overclocking”, which encourages you to squeeze the maximum out of your equipment. Many people involved in such dangerous work can easily overclock a single-core processor to 6-7 GHz, and some even set records at 8.2 GHz.
Clock frequency is a parameter that is measured in gigahertz. A higher frequency allows faster data processing. This is one of the most important parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing a processor.
The number of cores is no less important; the fact is that the clock frequency is at this stage development cannot be increased any more, this prompted further development in the direction of parallel computing, expressed in an increase in the number of cores. The number of cores informs how many programs can be run simultaneously without losing performance. However, it is worth considering that if the program is optimized for two cores, even if there are more of them, the computer will not be able to fully use them.
Cache and processor bus frequency
The bus frequency demonstrates the transmission speed of information entering and leaving the processor. The higher this indicator, the faster the exchange of information occurs; the units of measurement here are gigahertz. The processor cache, which is a high-speed memory block, is of great importance. It is located directly on the core and serves to improve performance, since it processes data at a much higher speed than in the case of RAM. There are three levels of cache memory:
L1 - the first level is the smallest in volume, but the fastest, its size varies between 8 - 128 KB.
L2 is the second level, much slower than the first, but exceeds it in volume, here the size varies between 128 - 12288 KB.
L3 is the third level, inferior in speed to the first two levels, but the most voluminous, by the way, it may be absent altogether, since it is intended for special editions of processors or server solutions. Its size reaches 16384 KB, it can be present in processors such as Xeon MP, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition or Itanium 2.
Socket and heat dissipation
Less significant, but still relevant when choosing a processor, are such characteristics as socket and heat dissipation. Socket called the socket where the processor is installed on the motherboard. By indicators heat release You can determine the degree of heating of the processor during operation. This indicator is measured in watts, and it varies from 10 to 165 W.
The average cost of processors on the Moscow market Intel Core 2 Duo is 5000 rubles, and AMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core RUB 3,000, according to http://price.ru
Table 3 Comparison of processors
For working with graphics, the bus and processor frequency are important, therefore, in accordance with the minimum hardware requirements, when choosing between the two proposed CPUs, based on the above key characteristics, as well as on price qualities, I give preference to the AMD ATHLON II X2 CPU http://www.nix.ru .
As is known, the processor clock frequency is the number of operations performed per unit of time, in in this case, in a second.
But this definition is not enough to fully understand what this concept actually means and what significance it has for us, ordinary users.
You can find many articles on this subject on the Internet, but all of them are missing something.
More often than not, this “something” is the very key that can open the door to understanding.
Therefore, we tried to collect all the basic information, as if it were a puzzle, and put it together into a single, holistic picture.
Contents:
Detailed definition
So, clock speed is the number of operations a processor can perform per second. This value is measured in Hertz.
This unit of measurement is named after a famous scientist who conducted experiments aimed at studying periodic, that is, repeating processes.
What does Hertz have to do with operations in a second?
This question arises when reading most articles in people who did not study physics very well at school (maybe through no fault of their own).
The fact is that this unit precisely denotes the frequency, that is, the number of repetitions of these same periodic processes per second.
It allows you to measure not only the number of operations, but also various other indicators. For example, if you make 3 entries per second, then your breathing rate is 3 Hertz.
As for processors, a variety of operations can be performed here, which boil down to calculating certain parameters.
Actually, the number of calculations of these same parameters per second is called .
How simple it is!
In practice, the concept “Hertz” is used extremely rarely; more often we hear about megaHertz, kiloHertz, and so on. Table 1 shows the “decoding” of these values.
Table 1. Designations
The first and last are currently used extremely rarely.
That is, if you hear that it has 4 GHz, then it can perform 4 billion operations every second.
Not at all! This is the average today. Surely, very soon we will hear about models with a frequency of terahertz or even more.
How is it formed
So, in it There is following devices :
- clock resonator– is an ordinary quartz crystal, enclosed in a special protective container;
- clock generator– a device that converts one type of vibration into another;
- metal cover;
- data bus;
- textolite substrate, to which all other devices are attached.
So, a quartz crystal, that is, a clock resonator, forms oscillations due to the supply of voltage. As a result, oscillations are formed electric current.
A clock generator is attached to the substrate, which converts electrical oscillations into pulses.
They are transmitted to data buses, and thus the result of the calculations reaches the user.
This is exactly how the clock frequency is obtained.
It's interesting that regarding this concept exists huge amount misconceptions, in particular regarding the connection between nuclei and frequency. Therefore, this is also worth talking about.
How frequency relates to cores
The core is, in fact, the processor. By this we mean the very crystal that forces the entire device to perform certain operations.
That is, if a particular model has two cores, this means that it contains two crystals that are connected to each other using a special bus.
According to a common misconception, the more cores, the higher the frequency. It’s not for nothing that developers are now trying to fit more and more cores into them. But that's not true. If it is 1 GHz, even if it has 10 cores, it will still remain 1 GHz and will not become 10 GHz.
* There are always pressing questions about what you should pay attention to when choosing a processor, so as not to make a mistake.
Our goal in this article is to describe all the factors affecting processor performance and others. performance characteristics.
It's probably no secret that the processor is the main computing unit of a computer. You could even say – the most important part of the computer.
It is he who processes almost all processes and tasks that occur in the computer.
Be it watching videos, music, Internet surfing, writing and reading in memory, processing 3D and video, games. And much more.
Therefore, to choose C central P processor, you should treat it very carefully. It may happen that you decide to install a powerful video card and a processor that does not correspond to its level. In this case, the processor will not reveal the potential of the video card, which will slow down its operation. The processor will be fully loaded and literally boiling, and the video card will wait its turn, working at 60-70% of its capabilities.
That is why, when choosing a balanced computer, Not costs neglect the processor in favor of a powerful video card. The processor power must be enough to unlock the potential of the video card, otherwise it’s just a waste of money.
Intel vs. AMD
*catch up forever
Corporation Intel, has enormous human resources and almost inexhaustible finances. Many innovations in the semiconductor industry and new technologies come from this company. Processors and developments Intel, on average by 1-1,5 years ahead of the engineers' achievements AMD. But as you know, for the opportunity to have the most modern technologies- you have to pay.
Processor pricing policy Intel, is based both on number of cores, amount of cache, but also on "freshness" of architecture, performance per clockwatt,chip process technology. The meaning of cache memory, “subtleties of the technical process” and others important characteristics The processor will be discussed below. For the possession of such technologies as well as a free frequency multiplier, you will also have to pay an additional amount.
Company AMD, unlike the company Intel, strives for the availability of its processors for the end consumer and for a competent pricing policy.
One could even say that AMD– « People's stamp" In its price tags you will find what you need at a very attractive price. Usually a year after the appearance new technology at the company Intel, an analogue of technology appears from AMD. If you are not chasing the highest performance and pay more attention to the price tag than to availability advanced technologies, then the company's products AMD– just for you.
Pricing policy AMD, is based more on the number of cores and very little on the amount of cache memory and the presence of architectural improvements. In some cases, for the opportunity to have third-level cache memory, you will have to pay a little extra ( Phenom has a 3 level cache memory, Athlon content with only limited, level 2). But sometimes AMD spoils his fans possibility to unlock more cheap processors, to more expensive ones. You can unlock the cores or cache memory. Improve Athlon to Phenom. This is possible thanks to the modular architecture and the lack of some cheaper models, AMD simply disables some blocks on the chip of more expensive ones (software).
Cores– remain practically unchanged, only their number differs (true for processors 2006-2011 years). Due to the modularity of its processors, the company does an excellent job of selling rejected chips, which, when some blocks are turned off, become a processor from a less productive line.
The company has been working for many years on completely new architecture under code name Bulldozer, but at the time of release in 2011 year, the new processors showed not the best better performance. AMD I blamed the operating systems for not understanding the architectural features of dual cores and “other multithreading.”
According to company representatives, you should wait for special fixes and patches to experience the full performance of these processors. However, at the beginning 2012 year, company representatives postponed the release of an update to support the architecture Bulldozer for the second half of the year.
Processor frequency, number of cores, multi-threading.
During times Pentium 4 and before him - CPU frequency, was the main processor performance factor when selecting a processor.
This is not surprising, because processor architectures were specially developed to achieve high frequencies, and this was especially reflected in the processor Pentium 4 on architecture NetBurst. High frequency was not effective with the long pipeline that was used in the architecture. Even Athlon XP frequency 2GHz, in terms of productivity was higher than Pentium 4 c 2.4 GHz. So it was pure marketing. After this error, the company Intel realized my mistakes and returned to the side of good I started working not on the frequency component, but on performance per clock. From architecture NetBurst I had to refuse.
What same for us gives multi-core?
Quad-core processor with frequency 2.4 GHz, in multi-threaded applications, will theoretically be the approximate equivalent of a single-core processor with a frequency 9.6 GHz or 2-core processor with frequency 4.8 GHz. But that's only theoretically. Practically same, two dual core processor in a two-socket motherboard, will be faster than one 4-core, at the same operating frequency. Bus speed limitations and memory latency take their toll.
* subject to the same architecture and amount of cache memory
Multi-core makes it possible to perform instructions and calculations in parts. For example, you need to perform three arithmetic operations. The first two are executed on each of the processor cores and the results are added to cache memory, where they can be executed next action any of the free kernels. The system is very flexible, but without proper optimization it may not work. Therefore, optimization for multi-cores is very important for processor architecture in an OS environment.
Applications that "love" and use multithreading: archivers, video players and encoders, antiviruses, defragmenter programs, graphic editors , browsers, Flash.
Also, “lovers” of multithreading include such operating systems as Windows 7 And Windows Vista , as well as many OS kernel based Linux, which work noticeably faster with a multi-core processor.
Most games, sometimes a 2-core processor is quite enough for high frequency. Now, however, everything comes out more games“tailored” for multithreading. Take at least these SandBox games like GTA 4 or Prototype, in which on a 2-core processor with a frequency lower 2.6 GHz– you don’t feel comfortable, the frame rate drops below 30 frames per second. Although in this case, most likely the reason for such incidents is “weak” optimization of games, lack of time or “indirect” hands of those who transferred games from consoles to PC.
When buying a new processor for gaming, you should now pay attention to processors with 4 or more cores. But still, you should not neglect 2-core processors from the “upper category”. In some games, these processors sometimes feel better than some multi-core ones.
Processor cache memory.
is a dedicated area of the processor chip in which intermediate data between processor cores, RAM and other buses is processed and stored.
It operates at a very high clock frequency (usually at the frequency of the processor itself), has a very high throughput And processor cores work with her directly ( L1).
Because of her shortage, the processor can be idle in time-consuming tasks, waiting for new data to arrive in the cache for processing. Also cache memory serves for records of frequently repeated data that, if necessary, can be quickly restored without unnecessary calculations, without forcing the processor to waste time on them again.
Performance is also enhanced by the fact that the cache memory is unified, and all cores can equally use data from it. This gives additional features for multithreaded optimization.
This technique is now used for Level 3 cache. For processors Intel there were processors with unified level 2 cache memory ( C2D E 7***,E 8***), thanks to which it appeared this method increase multi-threaded performance.
When overclocking a processor, the cache memory can become a weak point, preventing the processor from being overclocked beyond its maximum operating frequency without errors. However, the plus is that it will run at the same frequency as the overclocked processor.
In general, the larger the cache memory, the faster CPU. In which applications exactly?
All applications that use a lot of floating point data, instructions, and threads make heavy use of the cache memory. Cache memory is very popular archivers, video encoders, antiviruses And graphic editors etc.
Favorable to a large number cache memories are games. Especially strategies, auto-simulators, RPGs, SandBox and all games where there are a lot small parts, particles, geometry elements, information flows and physical effects.
Cache memory plays a very important role in unlocking the potential of systems with 2 or more video cards. After all, some part of the load falls on the interaction of processor cores, both among themselves and for working with streams of several video chips. It is in this case that the organization of cache memory is important, and a large 3rd level cache memory is very useful.
Cache memory is always equipped with protection against possible errors (ECC), if detected, they are corrected. This is very important, because a small error in the memory cache, when processed, can turn into a gigantic, continuous error that will crash the entire system.
Proprietary technologies.
(hyper-threading, HT)–
the technology was first used in processors Pentium 4, but it didn’t always work correctly and often slowed down the processor more than it speeded it up. The reason was that the pipeline was too long and the branch prediction system was not fully developed. Used by the company Intel, there are no analogues of the technology yet, unless you consider it an analogue? what the company’s engineers implemented AMD in architecture Bulldozer.
The principle of the system is that for each physical core, one two computing threads, instead of one. That is, if you have a 4-core processor with HT (Core i 7), then you have virtual threads 8 .
The performance gain is achieved due to the fact that data can enter the pipeline already in the middle of it, and not necessarily at the beginning. If some processor blocks capable of performing this action are idle, they receive the task for execution. The performance gain is not the same as that of real physical cores, but comparable (~50-75%, depending on the type of application). It is quite rare that in some applications, HT negatively affects for performance. This is due to poor optimization of applications for this technology, the inability to understand that there are “virtual” threads and the lack of limiters for loading threads evenly.
TurboBoost - Very useful technology, which increases the operating frequency of the most used processor cores, depending on their load level. It is very useful when the application does not know how to use all 4 cores and loads only one or two, while their operating frequency increases, which partially compensates for performance. The company has an analogue of this technology AMD, is technology Turbo Core.
, 3 dnow! instructions. Designed to speed up the processor in multimedia computing (video, music, 2D/3D graphics, etc.), and also speed up the work of programs such as archivers, programs for working with images and video (with the support of instructions from these programs).
3dnow! - enough old technology AMD, which contains additional instructions for processing multimedia content, in addition to SSE first version.
*Namely the ability to stream processing real numbers single precision.
The presence of new version– is a big plus, the processor begins to perform certain tasks more efficiently with proper software optimization. Processors AMD have similar names, but slightly different.
* Example - SSE 4.1(Intel) - SSE 4A(AMD).
In addition, these instruction sets are not identical. These are analogues with slight differences.
Cool'n'Quiet, SpeedStep CoolCore Enchanted Half State(C1E) AndT. d.
These technologies, under low load, reduce the processor frequency by reducing the multiplier and core voltage, disabling part of the cache, etc. This allows the processor to heat up much less, consume less energy, and make less noise. If power is needed, the processor will return to its normal state in a split second. On standard settings Bios They are almost always turned on; if desired, they can be disabled to reduce possible “freezes” when switching in 3D games.
Some of these technologies control the rotation speed of fans in the system. For example, if the processor does not need increased heat dissipation and is not loaded, the processor fan speed is reduced ( AMD Cool'n'Quiet, Intel Speed Step).
Intel Virtualization Technology And AMD Virtualization.
These hardware technologies allow you to use special programs run several operating systems immediately, without any significant loss in performance. Also, it is used for proper operation servers, because often more than one OS is installed on them.
Execute Disable Bit AndNo eXecute Bit – technology designed to protect your computer from virus attacks And software errors, which can cause the system to crash through buffer overflow.
Intel 64 , AMD 64 , EM 64 T – this technology allows the processor to work both in an OS with a 32-bit architecture and in an OS with a 64-bit architecture. System 64 bit– from the point of view of benefits, for the average user it differs in that more than 3.25GB can be used in this system RAM. At 32 bit systems, use b O A larger amount of RAM is not possible due to the limited amount of addressable memory*.
Most applications with 32-bit architecture can be run on a system with a 64-bit OS.
* What can you do if back in 1985, no one could even think about such gigantic, by the standards of that time, volumes of RAM.
Additionally.
A few words about.
This point is worth paying close attention to. The thinner the technical process, the less energy the processor consumes and, as a result, the less it heats up. And among other things, it has a higher safety margin for overclocking.
The more refined the technical process, the more you can “wrap” in a chip (and not only) and increase the capabilities of the processor. Heat generation and energy consumption are also reduced proportionally, thanks to less losses by current and reduction in core area. You can notice a tendency that with each new generation of the same architecture on a new technological process, energy consumption also increases, but this is not the case. It’s just that manufacturers are moving towards even higher performance and are stepping beyond the heat dissipation line of the previous generation of processors due to an increase in the number of transistors, which is not proportional to the reduction in the technical process.
Built into the processor.
If you don't need a built-in video core, then you shouldn't buy a processor with it. You will only get worse heat dissipation, extra heating (not always), worse overclocking potential(not always), and overpaid money.
In addition, those cores that are built into the processor are only suitable for loading the OS, surfing the Internet and watching videos (and not of any quality).
Market trends are still changing and the opportunity to buy a powerful processor from Intel Without a video core, it drops out less and less. The policy of forced imposition of the built-in video core appeared with processors Intel under the code name Sandy Bridge , the main innovation of which was the built-in core on the same technical process. The video core is located together with processor on one chip, and not as simple as in previous generations processors Intel. For those who do not use it, there are disadvantages in the form of some overpayment for the processor, the displacement of the heating source relative to the center of the heat distribution cover. However, there are also advantages. Disabled video core, can be used for very fast video encoding technology Quick Sync coupled with special software that supports this technology. In the future, Intel promises to expand the horizons of using the built-in video core for parallel computing.
Sockets for processors. Platform lifespan.
Intel has harsh policies for its platforms. The lifespan of each (the start and end dates of processor sales for it) usually does not exceed 1.5 - 2 years. In addition, the company has several parallel developing platforms.
Company AMD, has the opposite policy of compatibility. On her platform on AM 3, all future generation processors that support DDR3. Even when the platform reaches AM 3+ and later, either new processors for AM 3, or new processors will be compatible with old motherboards, and it will be possible to make a painless upgrade for your wallet by changing only the processor (without changing the motherboard, RAM, etc.) and flashing the motherboard. The only nuances of incompatibility may arise when changing the type, since a different memory controller built into the processor will be required. So compatibility is limited and not supported by all motherboards. But in general, for a budget-conscious user or for those who are not used to completely changing the platform every 2 years, the choice of a processor manufacturer is clear - this AMD.
CPU cooling.
Comes standard with processor BOX-a new cooler that will simply cope with its task. It is a piece of aluminum with a not very high dispersion area. Efficient coolers with heat pipes and plates attached to them are designed for highly efficient heat dissipation. If you don't want to hear unnecessary noise from the fan operation, then you should purchase an alternative, more efficient cooler with heat pipes, or a system liquid cooling closed or not closed type. Such cooling systems will additionally provide the ability to overclock the processor.
Conclusion.
All important aspects factors that affect processor performance and performance have been reviewed. Let's repeat what you should pay attention to:
- Select manufacturer
- Processor architecture
- Technical process
- CPU frequency
- Number of processor cores
- Processor cache size and type
- Technology and instruction support
- High-quality cooling
We hope this material will help you understand and decide on the choice of processor that meets your expectations.
What is processor clock speed? What does this characteristic affect and in what ways can it be increased? What is the maximum processor clock speed? We will examine these questions in the course of this article.
The concept of clock frequency
The processor clock speed is one of the most important parameters, characterizing a personal computer, as well as all other devices built on its principle. That is, not only do they have their own processor clock frequency personal computers, but also laptops, netbooks, ultrabooks, tablet computers and smartphones.
Processor clock speed is a parameter applied to individual devices, which make up computer system. More specifically, we are talking about the processor. In fact, a lot depends on the processor clock speed, but this is not the only detail that affects the operation of the system.
So, to understand the question of clock frequency, let's first delve a little deeper into word formation. What is “tact” and what does this word have to do with our case? A beat is nothing more than the period of time that occurs between the repetition of two impulses. These pulses, in turn, are created by a device called a “clock generator.” Essentially, this is a chip that is responsible for generating the clock frequency used motherboard and the processor itself. That is, the processor clock frequency is the frequency at which the device operates.
Operating principle of the gas turbine unit
The clock generator creates pulses that are subsequently sent throughout the device. They speed up the computer architecture, simultaneously creating synchronization between individual elements. That is, the GTC is a kind of “commander” who connects the working computer links into one sequence. So, the more often the clock generator creates pulses, the best performance will be on a computer/laptop/smartphone and so on.
It is logical to assume that if there is no clock generator, then there will be no synchronization between the elements. Therefore, the device will not be able to operate. Let's assume that somehow we managed to bring such a device to life. So what next? All parts of the computer will operate at their own frequency in different times. And what is the result? As a result, the speed of the computer decreases by tens, hundreds, or even thousands of times. Does anyone really need such a device? This is the role of the clock generator.
What is clock speed measured in?
Clock frequency, according to international standards, it is customary to measure both megahertz and gigahertz. Both types of measurements are correct, rather it's just a question appearance prefixes and number of characters. The designations for the two measurements are, respectively, “MHz” and “GHz”. Let us remind those who forgot, and tell those who did not know, that 1 MHz is numerically equal to a million clock cycles performed within one second. And gigahertz is 3 degrees more. That is, it is a thousand megahertz. Computer technology do not stand still, like everyone else. They can be said to be developing dynamically, so we can voice the assumption that in the near future a processor may appear whose clock frequency will be measured not in megahertz or gigahertz, but in terahertz. This is another 3 degrees more.
What does processor clock speed affect?
As is known, a computer, starting from simple accounts and ending the latest games, performs a certain set of operations. Which, by the way, can be quite impressive. So, these operations are performed in a certain amount beats Therefore, the higher the clock speed the processor has, the faster it will be able to cope with tasks. And at the same time, performance increases, calculations and data loading in various applications are accelerated.
About the maximum clock speed
It's no secret that before a processor model is released into mass production, its prototype is tested. Moreover, they test with sufficient load to identify weak points and modify them a little.
Processor testing is carried out at different clock frequencies. At the same time, other conditions such as pressure and temperature also change. Why are tests carried out? They are organized not only to identify and eliminate faults and problems, but also to obtain a value called the maximum clock frequency. It is usually indicated in the device documentation, as well as in its labeling. The maximum clock speed is nothing more than the normal clock speed that the processor will have under standard conditions.
About the possibility of adjustment
In general, modern computer motherboards allow the user to change the clock frequency. Of course, this is done in one range or another. Technology now allows processors to run on different frequencies depending on choice. And this, I must say, is important, since such a processor can synchronize its frequency with the frequency that it has motherboard, because the processor itself is installed on it.
About increasing the clock frequency
Of course, maximum results can be achieved by simply purchasing new processor, having an increased clock frequency. However, this is not always financially possible, which means the question is how to increase the processor clock frequency without investing additional funds this matter remains open.
In a nutshell, overclocking a processor is not accomplished by third party programs. This, as in the case of overclocking a video card, is outright nonsense. In fact, you can improve the performance of the processor by setting the appropriate settings in the BIOS.
Conclusion
So, what did we find out during this article? Firstly, the processor clock speed is the frequency at which the device operates. Secondly, computers use a clock generator, which creates a specific frequency that synchronizes the work individual elements. Thirdly, maximum frequency processor frequency is the frequency at which the processor operates under normal conditions. Fourthly, overclocking the processor, that is, increasing its clock frequency, is possible by changing the settings in the BIOS.
Clock frequency Intel processors, like processors from other brands, depends on the model.