Portable DAC for smartphone. Sabaj Da1 - entry-level portable DAC

Surely everyone who is familiar with good sound has experienced some disappointment in the quality of playback of their favorite songs when purchasing a new smartphone. And although smartphones, having come a long way from giant mobile phones to powerful, but at the same time miniature computers, can now do almost everything, sound still remains their weak point. And the point here is not even in the savings of manufacturers, which, of course, takes place, but in the fact that in order to implement a decent quality audio path, not only a normal DAC is required, but also wiring and amplification, which can significantly increase the size and weight of a mobile gadget, But first things first.

Let's start with the fact that in the 21st century there was mass computerization, which also affected the field of Hi-Fi audio. Naturally, even now there are ardent supporters of vinyl, but even the era of compact discs is already passing. This is also helped by numerous digital releases released exclusively in the virtual space, the emergence of higher quality formats that go far beyond 16 bit/44.1 kHz, and simply the ease of storing and using data. True, music servers have replaced CD players, but they still can’t boast a huge following, and most people store their favorite recordings on their hard drive.

It is quite reasonable to ask the question of how to convert sound from digital to analog form, since this is exactly the type required to feed it to an amplifier. Yes, everything is as before. Little has changed since the days of CDs, the only difference being that CD transport has been replaced by information coming from a virtual player. For these purposes, a DAC or digital-to-analog converter is required - a special device, as you might guess, that converts a signal from digital to analog form. We will not delve too deeply into the jungle of technology; we will only say that the role of the converter is performed by the corresponding chips, which, naturally, are different. An important role in the quality of the final sound is also played by how the power supply is organized, what kind of USB controller is used, and other equally significant factors, united by the term “piping”. That is why to get good sound it is not enough just to install a high-quality chip. Actually, for this reason, DACs from leaders in the Hi-Fi industry cost money, and a lot of it.

The next factor that stands in the way of high-quality sound is amplification. And it doesn’t matter at all whether you are going to listen to music in speakers that require one type of amplifier, or, as is more often the case with a smartphone, in the context of which this question interests us more, in headphones. Different headphone models have different impedance and sensitivity. The higher the impedance, the more power they require from the amplifier, while high sensitivity requires less power to produce the required sound pressure. In short, for the full operation of a particular model, appropriate power is required, the lack of which will not allow them to fully reveal their potential, and the sound will be indistinct. A similar situation often happens with smartphones, the sound path of which is simply not designed to work with many high-impedance headphones, and even if you purchase a very high-quality copy, you may simply not hear it. This is where a special amplifier comes to our aid, for which driving any headphones is no problem.

Less doesn't mean worse

Returning to the topic of reducing the size of devices, it is worth noting that the first wave among manufacturers of Hi-Fi components was the appearance of devices called Desktop Audio, which were developed for use as a digital sound source for computers and laptops. Their distinctive feature is their small size and the ability to be powered from a USB bus. 

Initially, both DACs and various amplifiers were produced in this class, but later, due to their practicality, combined devices that combined the functions of a headphone amplifier and a DAC, and often a pre-amplifier, achieved the greatest popularity. It was from them that the next incarnation of gadgets developed for use with smartphones began. They are distinguished from their predecessors by their smaller sizes, comparable to the smartphones themselves, and the presence of their own battery.

How can such a device improve the quality of sound reproduction, you ask. Everything is very simple. The digital signal reproduced by the media player is not fed to the standard audio path of the smartphone, but bypasses it to the connected device, which first converts the sound from digital to analog, and then amplified it to the required power. As a result, the output you get is quality on a completely different level, comparable to Hi-Fi class components. And as one of my friends said, after comparing the sound directly from a smartphone and paired with a similar device: “Nothing in common.”

Let's look at several models presented on the Russian market to make it more clear what we are talking about. True, we should immediately make a reservation that quality is at the forefront of our review, and we will not consider budget models, although there are such, take at least the same FiiO Q1 and iBasso D-Zero MK2, but let’s move straight to mid-range gadgets price range with a cost of more than 20,000 rubles. So, let's begin.

A strong value leader, the HA-2 from the well-known Californian company Oppo is one of the few portable DACs built on the excellent ESS Sabre32 ES9018-2M chip. 

This allows it to support bit rates up to 32 and sampling rates up to 384 kHz with PCM encoding, as well as single-bit DSD up to DSD256, which is a truly impressive result for a small device weighing only 175 grams. A class AB amplifier with a hybrid design can easily drive both very sensitive headphones and those requiring significant power. The device can work with smartphones based on iOS or Android, as well as with an iPad, computer or laptop. Connection is made using USB or microUSB ports; in addition, an analog input is provided for using the HA-2 only as an amplifier. The controls are represented by a volume knob, a Gain toggle switch, which is responsible for matching with headphones that have different sensitivities, a bass boost switch and an input selector. The built-in battery lasts for 7 hours with the DAC active and up to 13 if it is turned off, and the gadget can also serve as a power bank, recharging the smartphone. The appearance of the device is simply impeccable. It has a flat aluminum body with rounded edges and comes in an elegant leather case. No less impressive is the sound, leaving many competitors far behind. Highest resolution, accurate scene construction and almost complete absence of coloration are just a few of the qualities that make the Oppo HA-2 stand out among similar devices.

An equally impressive device from one of the masters of the Japanese audio industry - Denon, with a very pleasant signature color that distinguishes it from the more analytical sound of the HA-2. The accuracy of sound transmission and stage construction are also at the highest level here, but the appearance is less sophisticated, and even a little more brutal. The leather case has 2 compartments: one for the DA-10, and the second for the smartphone, which has a transparent window for easy management. The DAC used is the Burr-Broun PCM1795 chip, which is very popular in Hi-Fi components, supporting up to 24 bits and sampling rates up to 192 kHz, as well as one-bit DSD with up to 64/128 bits. The device uses upsampling, implemented using DSP AL32, and an asynchronous USB port, and to reduce interference, the power source is placed on a separate board. Unfortunately, support for Android devices is not provided and the DA-10 is only capable of working with Apple products that can be connected via a 30-pin port or via a Lightning connector, as well as computers and laptops that have a microUSB input. 

The analog input will allow you to use the amplification circuit without using a DAC. Not only headphones, but also active acoustics or a power amplifier can be connected to the output connector, and it can handle absolutely any headphones, up to 600 ohms. Its own battery with a capacity of 3200 mAh can easily withstand 7 hours of operation with the DAC turned on and at least 2 times longer without it. The design is complemented by a volume knob, headphone sensitivity switches, an input selector and a toggle switch for activating a fixed output level, necessary for working in conjunction with a power amplifier.

A very good option at a price almost half that of Oppo and Denon. In general, mobile DACs with headphone amplifiers are one of the main areas of Fiio, and thanks to the presence in the range of quite budget models with a price of 5,000 rubles, many people start with them. The E18 is the company's flagship and uses the Burr-Brown PCM1798 chip from Texas Instruments, supporting resolutions up to 24-bit/96 kHz. The device works with both iOS or Android with USB OTG support, and with a computer. There are more entrances and exits here. Firstly, there are 2 USB ports, one of which is intended for audio signal, and the second for replenishing the battery or recharging the smartphone. Secondly, a coaxial one has been added to the headphone output. Unlike the two previous options, which support headphone impedances up to 300 Ohms for the HA-2 and up to 600 Ohms for the DA-10, the E18 is capable of working with a maximum of 150 Ohms, although this is quite sufficient in most cases. The controls include a volume knob, sensitivity and bass boost switches, an input selector and 3 buttons for controlling the operation of the media player on the paired device. Pros: long battery life, up to 12 hours with a DAC and up to 25 without, as well as excellent design and light weight. The sound quality, although inferior to Oppo and Denon, is also very convincing, which is a very significant achievement at a price of 14,000 rubles.

TEAC HA-P50

Another interesting product from the Land of the Rising Sun, this time from a company well known not only among audiophiles, but also in the field of pro-audio, in which its American division Tascam especially distinguished itself. The HA-P50 uses many proprietary developments designed to make the sound better, including a push-pull circuit of output stages implemented on discrete elements, high-quality operational amplifiers, and a DAC on the BurrBrown PCM5102 chip that supports 24 bit/96 kHz. The device is capable of working with both iOS and Android, as well as with a PC, for which it is proposed to use a player of its own design - TEAC HR Audio Player. In addition to 2 USB ports, there is a combined optical/line input, and a headphone output allows you to use a model with any impedance from 8 to 600 Ohms. The controls are standard: volume, input selector and sensitivity switch. The built-in battery lasts for 8 hours. The case has an interesting geometry and is available in two colors: black and red. If we talk about sound, then everything is in perfect order here too. The HA-P50 is distinguished by good detail, transmission of dynamics and space, and in terms of reproduction of vocal parts it is completely unrivaled.

Conclusion

To sum it up, we can say that the Oppo HA-2 has the most impartial sound with a slightly higher resolution than other devices. The Denon DA-10, although it colors the sound, does it very musically and its sound will appeal to many, so this is more of an advantage than a disadvantage. The TEAC HA-P50 has the most spacious room and delivers voices very well. And finally, Fiio E18, although somewhat inferior in sound to the previous three, undoubtedly deserves close attention for its significantly higher quality than competitors in its price group have.

These reviews were written real buyers external DACs in our store. We do not publish the names of clients for reasons of privacy of personal data. When purchasing a product from us, you also have the opportunity to add your review.

Gorgeous DAC. I switched to it from TEAC UD 501. The 501, compared to the 505, has noticeably raised the edges of the range; the bass is too thick and the highs are bright. This one has everything exactly right. The bass is dense and textured, the treble is neat. With the same cable harness (DH LABS RED WAVE power cable), the 501 whistled on vocals on bright recordings. When listening to the calarature soprano, the 501st smacked of outright synthetics. The 505 sounds natural at the same moments. Very detailed and comfortable, which absolutely corresponds to its class. Has an excellent headphone amplifier. I tried the reclaimed SENNHEISER HD 650 (300 ohms). It rocks quite well, and there is still some volume left. I compared the sound with the TEAC HA 501, it felt like, not taking into account the various power cables installed on them and the connecting interconnect, they sound about the same. But there is a separate analog device operating in class A, and here there are adjacent digital circuits.... In general, the headphones also work well! The only, I think, big minus is that when the jack is inserted, both line outputs are automatically turned off. And to switch between listening on acoustics and back on headphones, you will have to constantly insert and remove the jack from the socket, which will quickly lead to wear of the socket itself and erasing the metallization of the expensive jack. So I continue to use the HA 501 as a headphone amplifier.

I bought it to connect headphones to a Samung TV, because... it only has optical audio output. The DAC with the optical cable fit perfectly and the headphones work. True, when you go to YouTube, the blue light on the DAC goes out and the headphones don’t work. This is not critical for me, maybe I’ll figure it out later. But I gave it an excellent rating.

The DAC will significantly improve signal quality compared to any built-in sound card. Made minimalistically. No buttons, no settings. It just works. Inexpensive compared to alternative options.

The purchased external DAC Cambridge Audio DacMagic 100 Silver was connected to my Onkyo C-7030 player via a Kennerton MOF-010 1.5 m optical cable. Amplifier Onkyo A-9110, acoustics Polk T-50. The DAC is great, works great. Fascinating sound, lays out a piece of music by instrument while maintaining volume and stage. Amazing detail. Favorite compositions have acquired new depth and clarity. Honestly, I didn’t expect such agility from a small device... Of the shortcomings, perhaps one is sensitive to temperature. This is also stated in the instructions. Initially, the DAC was installed in a small space in the equipment rack. After 50 minutes of operation, it simply turned off. Apparently the protection worked. After eliminating the surrounding small space, I drove it for almost 6 hours, everything works fine. Good DAC. I recommend.

All participants in today's testing are distinguished by their small dimensions and the ability to operate autonomously from a built-in powerful battery. Thus, the devices are primarily designed for use with smartphones and portable players. However, nothing prevents you from using them with a desktop computer and laptop - after all, the built-in headphone amplifier can cope not only with portable headphone models, but also with full-size ones, and even with very low sensitivity. Moreover, a dedicated line output allows you to connect active speakers in addition to headphones. So, when we say “USB DAC for mobile devices”, let’s not forget that these are truly universal devices. The scope of their application is very wide and clearly goes beyond the “listen to music on the go” option. For example, three out of six participants have an advanced proprietary ASIO driver, and two of them have the ability to play PCM up to 384 kHz and DSD. Such capabilities bring them to the level of traditional external USB DACs.

What is the difference from large stationary DACs? The point is mainly in minor inconveniences: all input-output connectors are only in mini-jack format, there is no screen. But the digital inputs and outputs S/PDIF, inherent in “large” devices, are retained.

Let's take a closer look at the participants.

Creative Sound Blaster E5

This is the manufacturer's new, most advanced model, with a 4-core DSP processor on board, a hardware equalizer and a ton of Creative processing. When connected to a computer, the Sound Blaster E5 turns into a full-fledged sound card with ADC, drivers, internal mixer, headset input, line input and everything else. When connected to a smartphone or tablet, it is a full-fledged USB DAC with a battery inside. There is a dedicated full-size USB input for iOS/Android devices. Micro-USB - only for computer and battery charging. There is also Bluetooth for wireless use, for example as a headset - microphones are built into the card. For iOS/Android there is a special application that controls all settings of the internal processor from a mobile phone.

Nobody expected miracles from this Creative card - inexpensive (MSRP $200), with a very controversial design, a bunch of SBX Pro Studio processing that no studio had ever heard of. We are already tired of criticizing Creative for its desire to “cram in more of everything” in order to satisfy all users at once. The result is a harvester that can't really do anything well. Users who need a lot of features and don't care about sound quality are not willing to pay a high price for a card. And those who are willing to pay demand first of all sound quality, considering everything else as a free bonus.

In fact, it turned out that the Sound Blaster E5 is a completely new development that has nothing in common with all previous budget Creative USB cards and is radically different from the younger E1 and E3 models. The new E5 card is the only one that does everything the way we would like. There is normal direct support from 44.1 to 192 kHz and surprisingly excellent hardware:

• Cirrus Logic CS4398 DAC
• Cirrus Logic CS5361 ADC
• Headphone amplifier Texas Instruments TPA6120A2

It is clear that even a good filling is not a guarantee of quality. However, in comparison with the rather good new E3 card, not to mention all the previous Omni, etc., the older E5 model performed much better! The drivers are much better designed, there is a special Direct Mode that clearly disables all processing, the ASIO driver supports all frequencies and works correctly. The map has been designed very carefully and is very promising. (This was largely the result of our constant pressure on Creative, relying on readers and quoting their opinions from our forum.) Unique features of the E5 include two headphone outputs, a microphone array of three built-in microphones with a position sensor, included holder with mounting on a microphone stand. Still, Creative’s marketing couldn’t resist and stuffed more of everything into the map, right to the hilt.

Note that the E5 has a relatively bulky body, a volume control without notches, and connecting Android devices via Micro-USB is impossible. But the affordable price and outstanding sound will outweigh these minor shortcomings and Singaporean marketing quirks for many. In general, it completely unexpectedly turned out to be the strongest competitor in the market of both USB sound cards and mobile USB DACs.

Oppo HA-2

Oppo developers were able to surprise with a stunning design and the most intriguing hardware: the ESS Sabre32 9018 DAC in its 2M mobile version. This looks quite natural, since the Oppo HA-1 stationary DAC is based on the original ESS Sabre32 9018 for Hi-End component devices. This microcircuit has today record signal-to-noise and Kg characteristics, surpassing all other DAC microcircuits by a large margin. Other manufacturers rarely use 9018, since it is very expensive and requires a lot of experience in “cooking” it (for some reason, Chinese homemade kits from eBay “do not sound”). Another bonus from using Sabre32 is support for PCM up to 384 kHz and DSD64/128/256. Oppo developers have also provided ASIO drivers with the ability to install a very large buffer of up to 8192 samples and select high priority for USB stream transmission in the system.

Thus, the Oppo HA-2 USB DAC has been very carefully designed and prepared for the most demanding and advanced users. The only drawback is probably not the most affordable price. But Oppo HA-2 is the thinnest external DAC among all participants. He factor of thinner than others, even despite the additional non-removable leather cover! Case material - aluminum, all-metal case. As with Creative, we tested with a pre-production sample provided by the manufacturer. According to Oppo, an updated version will be released into the series, with even better sound quality and increased amplifier power reserve.

Denon DA-10

The DAC is based on TI PCM1795 - this is the favorite chip of the Japanese from Denon. This 32-bit converter can play PCM up to 192 kHz and even DSD64/128. It is stated that digital filtering is carried out using special proprietary AL32 advanced DSP technology. But what impressed us most was the giant two-piece leather case included, which is designed to carry both the DAC and the smartphone at once.

The device is made of plastic with decorative aluminum plates and a handle. The case is made thick intentionally - so that in sound card mode it is convenient to turn the volume knob. Denon DA-10 is made very well, comes with an ASIO driver and is not cheap. It feels like this is a very high-end device, designed to compete with the most expensive models without descending into the mass market. The kit even includes cables for iOS devices - both with a Lightning connector and a 30-pin one. Everything looks as thought out as possible.

FiiO E18 Kunlun

The Chinese FiiO DAC with the patriotic prefix Kunlun (Mountains of the Moon, the largest mountain system in China) contrasts with the previous participant in its affordability and democracy. There is neither an ASIO driver nor a connector for connecting an iPhone. The E18 Kunlun model is designed for use only with Android devices and allows you to connect very simply, with a miniature Micro-USB-Micro-USB cable. It also connects to a PC, after which it immediately starts working without requiring drivers. However, there is a trick: the device is seen in the system as a digital S/PDIF output, as if hinting to the OS that the mixer transmits data bit by bit, without multiplying or dividing the digital stream in the mixer and without mixing anything with the result.

The design of the device is chic - everything is completely metal, miniature. Note the additional Micro-USB for charging, which is different from the interface Micro-USB for pairing devices. This is one of the very few DACs that has a choice of modes: PC, Phone, Charge Out (PC sound card, external DAC for Android and just recharging the phone battery). Unlike many FiiO DACs, it uses not WM8740, but TI PCM1798. Volume control - Alps. This is the second reincarnation of the device, with minor improvements. For its low cost, the DAC looks like a work of art - a very formidable contender in the budget category.

Tento Porta DAC 1866

The German-made Tento Porta DAC 1866 has a radically opposite ideology. This product was the pinnacle of a long journey for adherents of orthodox R-2R DACs, such as the Analog Devices AD1866 used here. This DAC only operates in 16-bit 44 kHz mode, but this is exactly what fans of various homemade devices with exotic fillings need. There is a theory circulating on the Internet that the “golden age” of numbers ended with the advent of low-bit converters with oversampling. They say that the soul of sound recording is lost behind high technical specifications. Actually, for a long time it was like this: the first 1-bit converters played just awful. Now the situation is not at all so clear-cut, no matter what some anarchist-minded leaders of specialized forums say.

So, this Tento DAC is made for those who collect custom products and are nostalgic for the good old days. From the trends of progress, there are Mini-USB and Bluetooth interfaces. However, there is also an optical/coaxial S/PDIF and an unregulated line output. The kit comes with very good quality cables, and the foam packaging even touched us. There is only one minus of the device - the price is not so low that you can just buy it for your collection. This is probably a price to pay for being handmade and manufactured in Germany.

Venture Craft Go DAP BXD

The Japanese from Venture Craft outdid everyone else with their pretentiousness. This is the case when we, who have seen a lot of things, could not stand it and fainted. Starting with the instructions only in Japanese and ending with the lack of a DAC operating mode via the USB bus, despite the fact that the Micro-USB connector is present! However, you are required to connect only via optical or coaxial.

This is the only DAC on a very strange PCM5100A converter, but with a Muse 8920 in the preamp! You will be surprised, but the kit even includes printed circuit boards for adjusting the damping factor of a balanced amplifier (!) with a 2.5 mm microjack connector (the adapter must be purchased separately). The product is clearly for “monsieurs who know a lot about perversions.” However, the headphone amplifier is an old friend, MAX97220A, which has proven itself very well in well-known products.

The figures for the device's specifications look strange. If the impedance of 8-600 Ohms is shocking in its range, then the quality is lower than any shabby integrated sound: 95 dB signal/noise, 0.01% distortion. We hasten to please you: this is a self-incrimination of the manufacturer. Our measurement numbers turned out much better: 100 dB signal-to-noise and 0.002% distortion at any load.

Overall: a nice, but very strange, in our European opinion, device, all the settings of which are regulated by opening the case and rearranging jumpers and miniature printed circuit boards. One gets the impression that this is not a USB DAC, but some kind of “Tamagotchi for an audiophile.” Our wish to the manufacturer is to think of the same replacement for miniature block boards with a DAC chip, and also to revive operation via USB. It doesn’t look as cool as a sandwich of three devices (and this is exactly the example shown on the manufacturer’s website), but it’s convenient!

Headphones

For our testing, we specifically selected headphones that would suit the typical use of high-end mobile DACs.

As in-ear headphones (IEM, “plugs”) we tried Grado GR10 (20 thousand rubles), Fisher Audio TBA04 (10 thousand rubles), Sennheiser IE-8i (12 thousand rubles), Creative Aurvana in-Ear3 (6 thousand rubles).

We ended up using a Grado GR10 (32 Ohm, 116 dB/mW) and a Sennheiser IE-8i (16 Ohm). These small headphones retain the signature sound of their larger brothers. Very interesting models, worthy of a good quality DAC. Fisher Audio and Creative have some work to do.

Grado RS1e (35 thousand rubles) are excellent, very smooth headphones. The 32 Ohm impedance makes them suitable for listening even without a preamplifier or, conversely, saves battery power on the amplifier. The only feature is the over-ear (supra-aural) headphones, with pressure directly to the ears. For long listening sessions, it is better to loosen the headband. The sound is traditional for the classic Grado series, very comfortable. Perhaps there is a slight overpayment for mahogany in the design.

Grado SR325is (14 thousand rubles) is a more modern option, closer in sound to the Professional series. The cups are made of aluminum, which hints at a more “folk” model. The headphones simply amazed us with the detail in the midrange. The difference between the tested DACs was perhaps most pronounced on them. Grado SR325is play well above their price. After testing, we even bought this model for our own personal use. There are also disadvantages: the sound is rougher than in the Reference series. We definitely recommend listening!

Audio-Technica ATH-M50x (9 thousand rubles) is a very popular model with well-balanced sound and detail throughout the entire range. One of the best foldable headphones, and the emphasis on bass will come in handy on the road. The 38 Ohm impedance makes them suitable for connecting directly to a smartphone, but there is considerable benefit from a separate amplifier.

Beyerdynamic DT 1350 (16 thousand rubles) - a new product in the Tesla series, especially for portable equipment, with a cord shortened to 1.5 m. A very strange model with weak bass response. On the Internet, reviews are divided into two equal categories: “I didn’t understand what it was” and “very smooth, unembellished sound, I’m happy.” We obviously fall into the first category, but we do not exclude that there will be lovers of such sound.

Testing methodology

We connected all 6 devices to one computer at the same time. 6 portable copies of foobar2000 were created. The test composition was started and a comfortable volume level was set. Next, using the RMAA program, we set the same volume for all devices with headphones connected to eliminate the influence of voltage drop from load. The volume of all devices was set with an accuracy of 0.1 dB.

This is very important, since even the same device under test, with a difference in the volume of the phonogram of only tenths of a dB, can be perceived as higher quality in the case of a louder version. When playing the same file! Subjectively, it will seem that there are more details, a little better bass, attack, etc. That is, in essence, the device will “lose to itself,” which is completely unacceptable for proper examination. It is clear that when compared with a obviously bad device, these measures look like reinsurance, but when comparing audio paths of the same class, such requirements are mandatory. World-class mastering expert Andrei Subbotin warned about this all the time. With regard to the preparation of phonograms, he always demanded that only mastered versions of the phonogram be compared in loudness. Comparing something with different volumes is a path to self-deception, since the louder option is for human hearing Always It will sound a little better. Everyone can easily verify this.

Sound

The examination took us several days. We understand the importance of this comparison and our responsibility to our readers. Anyone can check the results themselves - and, we are sure, will come to the same conclusions. We even specially invited two independent experts to once again make sure that the assessments of all trained listeners were similar. There may be only slight nuances in the interpretation of terms, but not in the global assessment of sound quality.

Determining the scope of our scale, we took two devices: the integrated sound of a modern laptop (Realtek ALC282 audio codec) and the Lynx Aurora 8 rack-mount studio interface. Realtek sound features: there are no obvious distortions or sound defects, but there is no detail either. All soundtracks are played synthetically, with a very flat stereo panorama, reverberation tails are not audible. In audiophile terms, the sound is compressed, lifeless, and listening to it for a long time is very unpleasant. The top-tier Lynx Aurora 8's interface is the complete opposite. It is impossible to tear yourself away from the music. The stereo panorama goes far beyond the room, but not due to artificial effects, but thanks to the high detail, very clean and dense mid frequencies, the reverberation of each instrument in the mix is ​​clearly audible individually. Modern phonograms with very strong volume maximization do not overload the sound path, their distortions mystically become barely noticeable and do not interfere. All claims and arguments about “soulless numbers” inexplicably disappear, everything good that you expect from a recording becomes audible in the sound, and nothing distracts from the perception of the music. This is what an ideal path should be like. Of course, questions remain with the interpretation of timbres and with the absolute reference. For example, it often happens that one device has cleaner high frequencies, but is less preferable in sound in some other range. But before this problem of very subtle nuances, inexpensive devices still need to grow for a long time and persistently.

So, in comparison with the integrated sound of a laptop and even with the sound of the good codec of the Samsung Note 3 phone, any of the tested USB DACs play an order of magnitude better. And the better the headphones or speakers play, the better the difference is heard, the more new details appear in the sound. This means that it makes sense to purchase these devices, but only for owners of a normal audio path. Not necessarily Hi-End, but successful models of Hi-Fi equipment or studio monitors are the required minimum.

We sorted the test participants according to their quality hit parade.

Venture Craft Go DAP BXD sounds good and smooth, but this DAC is too simple. In justification, let's say that its DAC function is not the main one, it is more of an analog headphone amplifier. There is a strong feeling that the Japanese have the DAC screwed to the side, just in case. Well, you never know. 6th place.

Tento Porta DAC 1866 stands out with its sound character compared to all the others. Apparently, this was the main goal of the developer. The sound level is high, but you won't swoon over the quality or detail. We personally haven’t heard any “golden age of digital” here. The sound is not bad, a little rough. Mid frequencies are transmitted most well and reliably. We are confident that the device will find its fans of pure R-2R converters. The headphone amplifier is very well made; judging by the complete absence of sag from the load, the device has a powerful buffer and zero output resistance. 5th place.

FiiO E18 Kunlun performed very strongly. You don't expect such a sound from 1798. Such a democratic, affordable, high-quality level. The gap from the leaders is very small - at a very attractive price. The model is certainly successful. High frequencies are very clear and detailed. Great sound. 4th place.

The Sound Blaster E5 amazed us with its detail in the midrange and captivated us with its very wide stereo panorama. There is literally just a little left to the leaders, and if your headphones or speakers are not Hi-End class, then you will most likely not hear any difference. The sound is almost optimal. This is exactly what we wanted from a USB DAC. You can listen for a long time even on the most expensive equipment and not see any flaws. Compared to the Denon, we couldn't give preference to any of these devices. Both are on the same level, with the sound of the highest category. Tied for 2nd and 3rd place.

The Denon DA-10 is a great sounding DAC. Particular merits are achieved at high frequencies; the character of the sound is closer to audiophile rather than analytical. It feels like it has its own special interpretation. For fans of the brand and stationary devices of this Japanese company, it is highly recommended. Tied for 2nd and 3rd place.

Oppo HA-2 outperforms everyone, although very slightly, but confidently. We cannot say that the sound is reference, but it is as detailed as possible, and this is immediately captivating. To unlock your full potential, it is better to choose the highest quality headphones and speakers, and then something new, previously unheard, will be revealed in the sound. There is no sense of any color or interpretation here. The emphasis from the equipment is immediately transferred to the music, and that's great! 1st place.

Sound from speakers

Since all USB DACs have a linear output, we were interested in listening to the sound not only in headphones, but also in speakers. We used active studio monitors of the highest category, 3-way Adam Audio.

We didn't hear anything particularly new compared to testing with headphones. Everything said above is fully confirmed. The difference in some cases is simply more obvious, since all recordings are primarily designed for listening to speakers. To be fair, there are separate binaural phonograms for headphones, recorded on an artificial head, but things have not gone further than experiments. The main conclusion is that despite their small dimensions and minijack connector, all USB DACs are suitable as stationary audio sources - while stationary DACs are not suitable as mobile devices.

However, you will have to solve the switching problem. You still have to look for high-quality cords with a minijack connector, but Chinese adapters for full-size connectors can, with one awkward movement, unscrew the miniature connector of a mobile DAC along with part of the printed circuit board and damage the device. In our testing, we took special care of this issue and used a new maximum quality cord with gold-plated Neutrik connectors and professional Canare cable (not one bit of which was made in China). Next, a passive attenuator was connected based on a modified factory sample with ready-made new Neutrik/Cordial XLR cords. For the mass user, solving all these issues presents insurmountable difficulties when finding and purchasing an acceptable option. To the list of these difficulties we add the lack of a remote control, a screen with the current mode, and the risk of sending a mobile DAC “flying” with a sharp tug on the headphone cord. Therefore, stationary USB DACs are still preferable in their field of use, and their sound potential is higher. But with a limited budget, the question of purchasing a separate stationary DAC for 40-100 thousand rubles, as a rule, is not worth it at all; the matter is limited to an inexpensive receiver and media player.

Measurements in RMAA

We have assembled a special complex to study the behavior of headphone amplifiers at low-impedance loads. Regular tests in RMAA are not indicative, since they do not reflect the operating features. Tests without load show a simply ideal picture, but under load the distortion increases many times over.

Headphone amplifiers are often plagued by the following problems: a sag in the frequency response at low frequencies and a sharp increase in distortion with a drop in load impedance, and sometimes overload at 16 Ohms. For comparison, conventional measurements on the graphs are shown with a “dash” sign (that is, there is no load), otherwise the resistor value is indicated. We chose the most representative values: 16 Ohm, 32 Ohm, 64 Ohm, 300 Ohm.

To obtain clean spectra and break ground loops, all DACs were connected in turn to an MXP U400-08 ultrabook running on battery power. The E-MU Tracker Pre measurement card was also powered by a laptop battery. To illustrate the absence of interference and interference, the list of tests includes test number two, “Noise Level”.

It must be admitted that absolute figures, except for the frequency response test, depend quite strongly on the gain level and amplitude of the test signal, so comparisons can only be made when measuring under approximately equal conditions.

Distortion was measured at a test signal amplitude of −3 dB and a volume of about 90%. If only one frequency response graph is visible, it means that all the others have merged with it into one line. We used the 24-bit 44 kHz format to see as much of the device's inherent noise as possible. Our measurement interface is limited by its own noise of about 110 dBA, which allows us to check the quality of the path. For those devices that have stated passport parameters, our measurements showed the same or better results.

Realtek ALC282

Venture Craft GoDAP BXD

If your music is stored on a laptop, a portable DAC is a must. Your headphones will thank you

Anyone who listens to music from a laptop or desktop will likely notice an improvement in sound quality by ditching the built-in DAC and headphone output. Portable devices, including a DAC and a headphone amplifier, take on the task of processing the audio signal, ensuring the highest possible quality. We're testing four affordable portable models that can radically enhance your PC music enjoyment.

In human language

DAC

A digital-to-analog converter turns digital information into an analog signal; the amplifier and speakers create sound from it. Any digital device is equipped with a DAC.

Asynchrony

An asynchronous USB port allows the DAC to control the flow of information, improving sound quality; in other cases it is done by the computer.

Audioengine D3

The D3's aluminum body, assembled with tiny screws, feels very durable and resists any attempt to bend it. Turning what at first glance seems like a simple USB flash drive into a nice-looking hi-fi component is no easy task, but Audioengine has managed to do it.

Thanks to its small aluminum body, Audioengine is very similar to a flash drive - to complete the picture, only a cap is missing

It's a shame, however, that it doesn't come with the same aluminum cover to protect the USB connector when it's not plugged in or in your pocket. However, the D3 is equipped with its own woolen case - so at least the DAC will be warm in the long cold winter.

In addition, the kit includes a short but clear installation guide and a cable with an adapter that will allow you to connect headphones with a 6.3 mm plug to the 3.5 mm output. We tested the D3 with AKG K550 over-ear headphones and Klipsch X7i in-ear headphones.

HD audio support

The Audioengine DAC is compatible with Mac and Windows computers; unlike some other models, it does not require an additional driver for Windows. Like AudioQuest DragonFly v1.2, the D3 accepts files up to 24-bit/96 kHz “as is”; High-resolution formats with 24-bit/192 kHz sampling will have to be pre-encoded by the computer to 24/96. The D3 also allows asynchronous data transfer from a computer's USB output for improved sound quality.

There are two tiny indicators on the front of the device. The outermost one glows blue if Audioengine is processing recordings with a sampling rate of 88.2 kHz or higher; otherwise it remains dark. The near white LED indicates that the DAC is turned on and ready to receive data.

Unlike the Cambridge Audio DacMagic XS, the D3 is not equipped with a volume control - as is the AudioQuest DragonFly v1.2. You will have to control it using a program that plays music.

Detail and strength

D3 manages to extract a decent amount of detail from a WAV copy of Eminem's Bad Guy. The device prefers direct, unsophisticated sound. The dark bass notes strike with sufficient force; The claps scattered throughout the song are delivered precisely and clearly - although the emotion of Eminem's voice is not recreated as convincingly as AudioQuest.

We would have liked more fine details and more detailed textures of the notes. The lack of sophistication of the sound slightly reduces the joy of listening.

Lily Allen's Christmas cover of "Somewhere Only We Know" shows the focus and expressiveness of the singer's graceful piano work and soft voice, but the overall sound is less natural and authentic than the DacMagic XS. In addition, it is inferior to that of DragonFly in the quality of conveying the subtlest nuances and emotional content of the song.

Audioengine's design isn't bad, but it fails to fully capture the listener's attention and leave a lasting impression. And considering the price - not the lowest among the test models - the D3 doesn't have much of a chance.

Price: $250

Grade: 3

BEHIND: Pleasant, weighty sound; workmanship; good detail

AGAINST: The sound lacks purity, detail and dynamics; price

VERDICT: The sound is generally not bad, but competitors have it better and the price is lower

Figures and facts

• Add. inputs:No
• Outputs: 3.5mm
• Dimensions (H×W×D):6.5×2×1 cm

AudioQuest DragonFly v1.2

When it was introduced in 2012, the DragonFly made a splash. AudioQuest has taken two traditional hi-fi components - a DAC and a headphone amplifier - and combined them into a convenient, compact package with excellent sound.

Externally, the new model is indistinguishable from the first, although in fact it is DragonFly v1.2. The difference can be detected by the sticker on the case, as well as by the color of the ring around the headphone output (it used to be black, now it is grey). In addition, there are several new lettering and logos.

However, a lot has changed inside. In an effort to further improve audio quality, the company has shortened the signal path between the DAC chip and the analog output, and also redesigned the internal power supply.

The list of DragonFly stats has not changed; it's still asynchronous, compatible with PC and Mac, and volume control will have to be done on the playback device. Files with sampling rates up to 24-bit/96 kHz DragonFly are played “as is,” while high-resolution formats with 24-bit/192 kHz parameters have to be re-encoded by the computer to 24/96.

Color coding

We've always really liked the design and construction of the DragonFly; it has a solid weight to it, and the matte black finish is very nice to the touch. The logo glows in different colors to match the characteristics of the files being played: green - 44.1 kHz, cyan - 48 kHz, amber - 88.2 kHz, and magenta - 96 kHz.

Just listen to a couple of songs and you will see that the openness, spaciousness and detail of the sound of the first version of DragonFly is fully preserved, but it has acquired additional purity.

The new DragonFly reveals even more detail and is equipped with increased dynamic power. The performance is closer to the original than before.

"Up Is Down" from the Pirates of the Caribbean soundtrack has a big sound - powerful, rhythmic and dynamic - and DragonFly easily conveys all these qualities to the listener. In the WAV version of this composition, the strings exhibit a natural fluidity, and the horns combine with percussion to create a dynamic, explosive finale.

Luxurious tempo and rhythm

DragonFly boasts impeccable rhythm and accurate transmission of tempo rhythms. Calvin Harris's upbeat dance tune "Under Control" showcases groovy enthusiasm and an equally upbeat tempo; Listening to it instantly improves your mood.

LFs delight with density and depth; it highlights rapper Jay-Z's confident and compelling performance of Empire State Of Mind - both in a CD-quality copy and streaming from Spotify. The drums hit sharply and powerfully, their attack clearly defined, as are the piano notes in the background. Alicia Keys' voice comes out a little less soft than in the Cambridge Audio version, but the transparency and detail are higher in the DragonFly.

The great thing about this is the combination of amazing sound quality with a truly tempting price. DragonFly's successful flight continues!

Price: $350

Grade: 5

BEHIND: Incredibly clear and detailed sound; luxurious dynamics; amazing rhythm; spectacular design;

AGAINST: For this price - nothing

VERDICT: The first version was wonderful, but the quality of the new one is even higher

Figures and facts

• Add. inputs:No.
• Outputs: 3.5mm
• Max. Sampling:24bit/96kHz
• Dimensions (H×W×D):6.2×1.9×2.1 cm

Cambridge Audio DacMagic XS

Cambridge Audio already has two excellent DACs - DacMagic 100 and DacMagic Plus; however, they are both fairly large desktop devices that are mains powered. The ultra-portable DacMagic XS is miniature and USB powered.

Don't judge the size by the photo; in life DacMagic XS is much smaller: 5 cm high, 3 cm wide, 1 cm deep

This is one of the most inexpensive components in its class, but you can’t tell this from the appearance of the DacMagic XS: a stylish compact case, a pleasant finish. It is slightly wider and thicker than the DragonFly and Audioengine models, but the build quality is very high; This DAC makes a very good impression.

There are few connectors here: only a microUSB input on one end, which is used to connect to a computer using the supplied cable, and a standard 3.5 mm headphone output on the other.

A single LED indicates the sampling rate of the input signal: when receiving files with a frequency of 44.1 bit/48 kHz it glows blue, with 88.2/96 it glows green, and with 176.4/192 it glows purple. It also shows the volume level.

Very easy to use

If, when playing music through AudioQuest and Audioengine DACs, the volume has to be controlled from the computer, then Cambridge Audio has its own controls - round “+” and “-” buttons. If you press both at once and hold for a few seconds, they switch the DAC from USB 1.0 to USB 2.0 mode. In the second case, DacMagic XS is capable of receiving a stream in the original high resolution - 24 bit/192 kHz. USB 1.0 mode is limited to 24 bit/96 kHz (PC users need to download the driver from the Cambridge website for this).

USB 2.0 mode has another advantage: the sound quality in this case is usually higher. Even a standard 16-bit/44.1 kHz CD copy of Lady Gaga's "Do What You Want" performs better in USB 2.0 mode: more focused, stable and confident, with lots of finely organized detail.

The Cambridge DAC imparts pleasant weight and energetic dynamics to the composition; Precise, agile and well-developed bass forms its foundation. DacMagic's pleasant tonal character helps soften the sound of overly harsh or bright recordings. If you're used to listening to music from your laptop or desktop computer through the headphone output, you'll instantly feel the difference with DacMagic.

Soft, full-blooded sound

Higher resolution files are even more pleasing to the ear. Kate Bush's 50 Words For Snow at 24/96 sounds sophisticated and intricate; Cambridge demonstrates enviable meticulousness and special care in recreating vocals, which are characterized by natural warmth and fullness. The recording of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 4 in G Minor Op.58 is no less admirable.

However, it seems to us that the AudioQuest DragonFly has a slightly clearer sound, as well as slightly higher detail and quality of dynamics.

The Cambridge Audio DAC easily beats out competitors from Fiio and Audioengine; its main problem is the AudioQuest DragonFly with its new ultra-low price. It costs only $150 more, and many buyers will choose to pay a little more for a significant increase in sound quality.

Price: $200

Grade: 4

BEHIND: Excellent tonal character; pleasant sound; support for 24/192 formats; quality of finish

AGAINST: Detail and dynamics are not ideal

VERDICT: DacMagic XS is very good and perfect for those who can't afford to spend more

Figures and facts

• Add. Inputs:Micro USB
• Outputs: 3.5mm
• Dimensions (H×W×D):5.4×3×1 cm
• Weight:100g

Fiio E17

Externally, the Fiio E17 looks more like an MP3 player than a compact headphone amplifier with a DAC. However, it is portable enough to carry in your pocket and is generally in the same class as the DragonFly and D3 models.

Having a screen is good; a device with a display is much more convenient on the road, as well as during initial setup

Lots of features

The E17 immediately scores a few points thanks to its very high level of equipment for this price category. Firstly, it has a small OLED display. Whereas on other devices in this class, sampling rate data is limited to (often incomprehensible) color coding and miniature LEDs, here you can simply look at the display - and at the same time clarify the name of the song.

The mini-USB port for connecting to a computer's USB port operates according to the USB 1.0 standard, so the Fiio is capable of receiving streams up to 24-bit/96 kHz. Files in 24/192 format can be fed through the dedicated digital input E17 using a coaxial cable and the included adapter. The optical input is only compatible with 96 kHz.

In addition, you can also receive a signal from another source, such as a CD player, using the Fiio's built-in DAC, and then send it to an amplifier or a pair of powered speakers.

Speaking of amplifiers, on the bottom edge of the E17 there is a special connector for connecting to the Fiio E09K desktop amplifier. A 3.5mm input for a smartphone or MP3 player allows the Fiio to be used as a headphone amplifier.

A CD copy of the song La La La by Naughty Boy with 16/44 sampling is perceived as high quality and convincing; Fiio's pleasant tonal character is more soothing than aggressive.

When listening through the AKG K550 headphones, the strings sound soulful and delicate, and the bass is quite energetic, allowing them to convey the cheerful tempo of the music.

The higher sample rate version of the Rolling Stones' Gimme Shelter shows a noticeable increase in detail, and the Fiio copes well with the increased resolution. Keith Richards' guitar solo is heard quite sharply and clearly, although it is inferior in dynamics and emotionality to the DragonFly and DacMagic XS models.

Not the most transparent sound

We would also like greater purity of reproduction: while the DragonFly reveals the composition, giving it volume, transparency and detail, then the E17 is meticulous enough to give the listener a general idea of ​​​​the music - but it cannot convey the subtlest nuances that make the performance exciting. strength.

The sound gets better after setting the volume on the E17 to maximum, and on the source (MacBook Pro) to a slightly lower level. The result is increased volume and improved dynamics, but not enough to disturb the class leaders.

The composition Royals by singer Lorde is performed well, but the bass lacks a little power and purpose. Fiio fails to recreate the dynamics and scale of a recording as fully as, for example, DragonFly.

In theory, Fiio is quite good; the list of its functions and characteristics can impress fans of good sound. However, the sound quality is noticeably inferior to its closest competitors. It is acceptable - and nothing more.

Price:$225

Grade: 3

BEHIND: Pleasant, non-aggressive sound; balance and detail; equipment

AGAINST: The sound isn't the most energetic or exciting; lacks transparency and depth of elaboration

VERDICT: E17 is universal and versatile, but in terms of quality it is far from the leaders

Figures and facts

• Add. inputs: 3.5 mm, optical/coaxial digital, mini USB
• Outputs: 3.5mm
• Max. Sampling:24bit/192kHz
• Dimensions (H×W×D):9.6×5.5×1.5 cm
• Weight:112 g

Let's sum it up

Winner AudioQuest DragonFly $350

The new version of DragonFly costs a third less than the first, and sounds even better; It seems to us that today competitors simply have nothing to oppose

The cute and compact AudioQuest DragonFly DAC with excellent sound flies to success on the wings of the wind.

We feel a little sorry for the Cambridge Audio DacMagicXS, which lost its fifth star as a result of the collision with the winner; If you can spend $200 and not a cent more, the DacMagicXS is a very good option - it has high quality workmanship and unusually refined sound for its price range.

But the cost difference with the AudioQuest DAC is not that great, but the quality difference is definitely much greater. The new version of DragonFly v1.2 is even better than its excellent predecessor.

With a noticeable reduction in price, sound quality has increased to the same extent; the music delights with its extraordinary purity and amazing detail, and the dynamic capabilities of the DragonFly cannot be compared with any model in this class.

Fiio E17 performed quite well. It is slightly larger than its competitors, but is equipped with additional and very useful functions. Its sound is more cautious than exciting; we would have liked more richness and spice - but we shouldn't judge too harshly, given the price and equipment.

And finally, Audioengine D3. The sound quality is roughly the same as the Fiio: quite good, but not amazing. With a rather inexpressive sound, this is the most expensive model in the test; so we were forced to give it only a C.

BEFORE THE PURCHASE

File Permission

It's easy to get confused by the technical specifications. Many of the test participants accept formats with sampling up to 24 bit/96 kHz via USB, but do not support 24/192. How important this is to you depends on your collection. If you buy tracks on iTunes or rip them from a CD without compression, then 96 kHz is more than enough for you. If you prefer the highest resolution recordings, make sure your DAC understands them.

COMPLETE THE SYSTEM

This couple will help DragonFly's talents to fully reveal themselves

Laptop

Apple MacBook Pro from $1200

We love the ease of use of the MacBook Pro and the convenient interface for storing music.

Headphones

Philips Fidelio M1 $250

Warm and natural sound with an amazing amount of detail.