Character codes according to the code table. Encoding text information

By the way, on our website you can convert any text into decimal, hexadecimal, binary code using the online code calculator.

ASCII table

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Summary table of ASCII codes

ASCII code table Windows characters(Win-1251)

		Symbol









		specialist. Tabulation
		specialist. LF (Carriage Return)


		specialist. CR( New line)


















		clutch SP (Space)

		Symbol

Extended ASCII Code Table

Formatting symbols.

	Backspace (Return one character). Indicates that the print mechanism or display cursor is moving back one position.
	Horizontal Tabulation. Indicates the movement of the print engine or display cursor to the next prescribed "tab stop".
	Line Feed. Indicates movement of the print mechanism or display cursor to the beginning next line(one line down).
	Vertical Tabulation. Indicates the movement of the print engine or display cursor to the next group of lines.
	Form Feed. Indicates the movement of the print mechanism or display cursor to the starting position next page, form or screen.
	Carriage Return. Indicates the movement of the print mechanism or display cursor to the home (leftmost) position of the current line.

Data transfer.

	Start of Heading. Used to define the start of a header, which may contain routing information or an address.
	Start of Text. Shows the beginning of the text and at the same time the end of the title.
	End of Text. Applies when ending text that began with the STX character.
	Inquiry. Request for identification data (such as "Who are you?") from a remote station.
	Acknowledge. The receiving device transmits this character to the sender as confirmation of successful reception of the data.
	Negative Acknowledgment. The receiving device transmits this character to the sender in case of denial (failure) of data reception.
	Synchronous/Idle. Used in synchronized transmission systems. When there is no data transmission, the system continuously sends SYN symbols to ensure synchronization.
	End of Transmission Block. Indicates the end of a data block for communication purposes. Used to split large amounts of data into separate blocks.

Dividing marks when transmitting information.

Other symbols.

	Null. (No character - no data). Used for transmission when there is no data.
	Bell (Call). Used to control alarm devices.
	Shift Out. Indicates that all subsequent codewords must be interpreted according to the external character set before the arrival of the SI character.
	Shift In. Indicates that subsequent code combinations must be interpreted according to the standard character set.
	Data Link Escape. Changing the meaning of the following characters. It is applied for additional control or to transmit an arbitrary combination of bits.
DC1, DC2, DC3, DC4	Device Controls. Symbols for operating auxiliary devices (special functions).
	Cancel. Indicates that data that precedes this character in a message or block should be ignored (usually if an error is detected).
	End of Medium. Indicates the physical end of a tape or other storage medium
	Substitute. Used to replace an erroneous or invalid character.
	Escape (Expansion). Used to expand code by indicating that a subsequent character has an alternative meaning.
	Space. A non-printing character used to separate words or move the print engine or display cursor forward one position.
	Delete. Used to remove (erase) the previous character in a message

In order to use ASCII correctly, it is necessary to expand your knowledge in this area and about coding capabilities.

What it is?

ASCII is an encoding table of printable characters (see screenshot No. 1) typed on computer keyboard, to transmit information and some codes. In other words, the alphabet and decimal digits are encoded into corresponding symbols that represent and carry the necessary information.

ASCII was developed in America, so the standard character set usually includes the English alphabet with numbers, for a total of about 128 characters. But then a fair question arises: what to do if encoding of the national alphabet is required?

Other versions of the ASCII table have been developed to address similar issues. For example, for languages with a foreign language structure, letters of the English alphabet were either removed or added additional characters in the form of a national alphabet. Thus, the ASCII encoding may contain Russian letters for national use (see screenshot No. 2).

Where is the ASCII coding system used?

This coding system is necessary not only for dialing text information on keyboard. It is also used in graphics. For example, in the ASCII Art Maker program graphic images various extensions consist of a range of ASCII characters (see screenshot No. 3).

As a rule, such programs can be divided into those that perform the function graphic editors, inverting an image into text, and those that convert an image into ASCII graphics. The well-known emoticon (or as it is also called “ smiling human face") is also an example of an encoding character.

This encoding method can also be used during writing or creation HTML document. For example, you enter a specific and necessary set of characters, and when viewing the page itself, the symbol corresponding to this code will be displayed on the screen.

Among other things this type encoding is necessary when creating a multilingual website, because characters that are not included in a particular national table will need to be replaced with ASCII codes. If the reader is directly connected with information and communication technologies (ICT), then it will be useful for him to familiarize himself with such systems as:

Portable character set;
Control characters;
EBCDIC;
VISCII;
YUSCII;
Unicode;
ASCII art;
KOI-8.

ASCII Table Properties

Like any systematic program, ASCII has its own characteristic properties. So, for example, the decimal number system (numbers from 0 to 9) is converted to binary system calculus (i.e. each decimal digit is converted to binary 288=1001000 respectively).

The letters located in the upper and lower columns differ from each other only by a bit, which significantly reduces the level of complexity of checking and editing the case.

With all these properties, ASCII encoding works as eight-bit, although it was originally intended to be seven-bit.

Using ASCII in programs Microsoft Office:

If necessary this option information encoding can be used in Microsoft Notepad and Microsoft Office Word. Within these applications, a document can be saved in ASCII format, but in this case it will be impossible to use some functions when typing.

In particular, bold and bold fonts will not be available because encoding only preserves the meaning of the typed information, and not general form and shape. You can add such codes to a document using the following software applications:

Microsoft Excel;
Microsoft FrontPage;
Microsoft InfoPath;
Microsoft OneNote;
Microsoft Outlook;
Microsoft PowerPoint;
Microsoft Project.

It is worth considering that when typing the ASCII code in these applications, you must hold down keyboard key ALT.

Of course, all the necessary codes require a longer and more detailed study, but this is beyond the scope of our article today. I hope that you found it really useful.

See you again!

Good bad

Each computer has its own set of characters that it implements. This set contains 26 capital and lowercase letters, numbers and Special symbols(dot, space, etc.). When converted to integers, symbols are called codes. Standards were developed so that computers would have the same sets of codes.

ASCII standard

ASCII (American Standard Code for Inmormation Interchange) - American standard code for information exchange. Each ASCII character has 7 bits, so the maximum number of characters is 128 (Table 1). Codes 0 through 1F are control characters that are not printed. Lots of unprintable ASCII characters needed for data transfer. For example, a message may consist of the start-of-header character SOH, the header itself and the start-of-text character STX, the text itself and the end-of-text character ETX, and the end-of-transmission character EOT. However, data over the network is transmitted in packets, which themselves are responsible for the beginning and end of the transmission. So non-printable characters are almost never used.

Table 1 - ASCII code table

Number	Team	Meaning	Number	Team	Meaning
0	NUL	Null pointer	10	DLE	Exit from the transmission system
1	SOH	start of title	11	DC1	Device management
2	STX	Beginning of text	12	DC2	Device management
3	ETX	End of text	13	DC3	Device management
4	EOT	End of transmission	14	DC4	Device management
5	ACK	Request	15	N.A.K.	Non-confirmation of reception
6	BEL	Acceptance confirmation	16	SYN	Simple
7	B.S.	Bell symbol	17	ETB	End of transmission block
8	HT	Step back	18	CAN	Mark
9	LF	Horizontal tabulation	19	E.M.	End of media
A	VT	Line translation	1A	SUB	Subscript
B	FF	Vertical tab	1B	ESC	Exit
C	CR	Page translation	1C	FS	File separator
D	SO	Carriage return	1D	G.S.	Group separator
E	S.I.	Switch to additional register	1E	R.S.	Record separator
	S.I.	Switch to standard case	1F	US	Module separator

Number	Symbol	Number	Symbol	Number	Symbol	Number	Symbol	Number	Symbol	Number	Symbol
20	space	30	0	40	@	50	P	60	.	70	p
21	!	31	1	41	A	51	Q	61	a	71	q
22	‘	32	2	42	B	52	R	62	b	72	r
23	#	33	3	43	C	53	S	63	c	73	s
24	φ	34	4	44	D	54	T	64	d	74	t
25	%	35	5	45	E	55	AND	65	e	75	And
26	&	36	6	46	F	56	V	66	f	76	v
27	‘	37	7	47	G	57	W	67	g	77	w
28	(	38	8	48	H	58	X	68	h	78	x
29	)	39	9	49	I	59	Y	69	i	70	y
2A	‘	3A	;	4A	J	5A	Z	6A	j	7A	z
2B	+	3B	;	4B	K	5B	[	6B	k	7B	{
2C	‘	3C	<	4C	L	5C	\	6C	l	7C	\|
2D	—	3D	=	4D	M	5D	]	6D	m	7D	}
2E		3E	>	4E	N	5E	—	6E	n	7E	~
2F	/	3F	g	4F	O	5F	_	6F	o	7F	DEL

Unicode standard

The previous encoding works fine for in English, however, it is not convenient for other languages. For example, German has umlauts, and French has superscripts. Some languages have completely different alphabets. The first attempt at extending ASCII was IS646, which extended the previous encoding by an additional 128 characters. Were added letters with strokes and diacritics, and received the name - Latin 1. The next attempt was IS 8859 - which contained a code page. There were also attempts at extensions, but this was not universal. UNICODE encoding was created (is 10646). The idea behind the encoding is to assign each character a single constant 16-bit value, which is called - code pointer. In total there are 65536 pointers. To save space, we used Latin-1 for codes 0 -255, easily changing ASII to UNICODE. This standard solved many problems, but not all. Due to the arrival of new words, for example, for the Japanese language, it is necessary to increase the number of terms by about 20 thousand. It is also necessary to include braille.

Character overlay

The BS (backspace) character allows the printer to print one character on top of another. ASCII provided for adding diacritics to letters in this way, for example:

a BS "→ á
a BS ` → à
a BS ^ → â
o BS / → ø
c BS , → ç
n BS ~ → с

Note: in old fonts, the apostrophe " was drawn slanted to the left, and the tilde ~ was shifted up, so they just fit the role of an acute and a tilde on top.

If the same symbol is superimposed on a symbol, the effect is bold, and if an underscore is superimposed on a character, then underlined text is obtained.

a BS a → a
aBS_→ a

Note: this is used for example in help system man.

National ASCII variants

The ISO 646 (ECMA-6) standard provides for the possibility of placing national symbols in place @ [ \ ] ^ ` { | } ~ . In addition to this, on site # can be posted £ , and in place $ - ¤ . This system is well suited for European languages where only a few extra characters are needed. The version of ASCII without national characters is called US-ASCII, or "International Reference Version".

Subsequently, it turned out to be more convenient to use 8-bit encodings (code pages), where the lower half of the code table (0-127) is occupied by US-ASCII characters, and the upper half (128-255) by additional characters, including a set of national characters. Thus, the upper half of the ASCII table, before the widespread adoption of Unicode, was actively used to represent localized characters, letters of the local language. The lack of a unified standard for placing Cyrillic characters in the ASCII table caused many problems with encodings (KOI-8, Windows-1251 and others). Other languages with non-Latin scripts also suffered from having several different encodings.

	.0	.1	.2	.3	.4	.5	.6	.7	.8	.9	.A	.B	.C	.D	.E	.F
0.	NUL	SOM	EOA	EOM	EQT	W.R.U.	RU	BELL	BKSP	HT	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	S.I.
1.	DC 0	DC 1	DC 2	DC 3	DC 4	ERR	SYNC	L.E.M.	S 0	S 1	S 2	S 3	S 4	S 5	S 6	S 7
2.
3.
4.	BLANK	!	"	#	$	%	&	"	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
5.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
6.
7.
8.
9.
A.	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
B.	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]		←
C.
D.
E.		a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
F.	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z				ESC	DEL

On those computers where the minimum addressable unit of memory was a 36-bit word, 6-bit characters were initially used (1 word = 6 characters). After the transition to ASCII, such computers began to contain either 5 seven-bit characters (1 bit remained extra) or 4 nine-bit characters in one word.

ASCII codes are also used to determine which key is pressed during programming. For a standard QWERTY keyboard, the code table looks like this:

Dec	Hex	Symbol	Dec	Hex	Symbol
000	00	specialist. NOP	128	80	Ђ
001	01	specialist. SOH	129	81	Ѓ
002	02	specialist. STX	130	82	‚
003	03	specialist. ETX	131	83	ѓ
004	04	specialist. EOT	132	84	„
005	05	specialist. ENQ	133	85	…
006	06	specialist. ACK	134	86	†
007	07	specialist. BEL	135	87	‡
008	08	specialist. B.S.	136	88	€
009	09	specialist. TAB	137	89	‰
010	0A	specialist. LF	138	8A	Љ
011	0B	specialist. VT	139	8B	‹ ‹
012	0C	specialist. FF	140	8C	Њ
013	0D	specialist. CR	141	8D	Ќ
014	0E	specialist. SO	142	8E	Ћ
015	0F	specialist. S.I.	143	8F	Џ
016	10	specialist. DLE	144	90	ђ
017	11	specialist. DC1	145	91	‘
018	12	specialist. DC2	146	92	’
019	13	specialist. DC3	147	93	“
020	14	specialist. DC4	148	94	”
021	15	specialist. N.A.K.	149	95
022	16	specialist. SYN	150	96	–
023	17	specialist. ETB	151	97	—
024	18	specialist. CAN	152	98
025	19	specialist. E.M.	153	99	™
026	1A	specialist. SUB	154	9A	љ
027	1B	specialist. ESC	155	9B	›
028	1C	specialist. FS	156	9C	њ
029	1D	specialist. G.S.	157	9D	ќ
030	1E	specialist. R.S.	158	9E	ћ
031	1F	specialist. US	159	9F	џ
032	20	clutch SP (Space)	160	A0
033	21	!	161	A1	Ў
034	22	"	162	A2	ў
035	23	#	163	A3	Ћ
036	24	$	164	A4	¤
037	25	%	165	A5	Ґ
038	26	&	166	A6	¦
039	27	"	167	A7	§
040	28	(	168	A8	Yo
041	29	)	169	A9	©
042	2A	*	170	A.A.	Є
043	2B	+	171	AB	«
044	2C	,	172	A.C.	¬
045	2D	-	173	AD
046	2E	.	174	A.E.	®
047	2F	/	175	A.F.	Ї
048	30	0	176	B0	°
049	31	1	177	B1	±
050	32	2	178	B2	І
051	33	3	179	B3	і
052	34	4	180	B4	ґ
053	35	5	181	B5	µ
054	36	6	182	B6	¶
055	37	7	183	B7	·
056	38	8	184	B8	e
057	39	9	185	B9	№
058	3A	:	186	B.A.	є
059	3B	;	187	BB	»
060	3C	<	188	B.C.	ј
061	3D	=	189	BD	Ѕ
062	3E	>	190	BE	ѕ
063	3F	?	191	B.F.	ї
064	40	@	192	C0	A
065	41	A	193	C1	B
066	42	B	194	C2	IN
067	43	C	195	C3	G
068	44	D	196	C4	D
069	45	E	197	C5	E
070	46	F	198	C6	AND
071	47	G	199	C7	Z
072	48	H	200	C8	AND
073	49	I	201	C9	Y
074	4A	J	202	C.A.	TO
075	4B	K	203	C.B.	L
076	4C	L	204	CC	M
077	4D	M	205	CD	N
078	4E	N	206	C.E.	ABOUT
079	4F	O	207	CF	P
080	50	P	208	D0	R
081	51	Q	209	D1	WITH
082	52	R	210	D2	T
083	53	S	211	D3	U
084	54	T	212	D4	F
085	55	U	213	D5	X
086	56	V	214	D6	C
087	57	W	215	D7	H
088	58	X	216	D8	Sh
089	59	Y	217	D9	SCH
090	5A	Z	218	D.A.	Kommersant
091	5B	[	219	D.B.	Y
092	5C	\	220	DC	b
093	5D	]	221	DD	E
094	5E	^	222	DE	YU
095	5F	_	223	DF	I
096	60	`	224	E0	A
097	61	a	225	E1	b
098	62	b	226	E2	V
099	63	c	227	E3	G
100	64	d	228	E4	d
101	65	e	229	E5	e
102	66	f	230	E6	and
103	67	g	231	E7	h
104	68	h	232	E8	And
105	69	i	233	E9	th
106	6A	j	234	E.A.	To
107	6B	k	235	E.B.	l
108	6C	l	236	E.C.	m
109	6D	m	237	ED	n
110	6E	n	238	E.E.	O
111	6F	o	239	E.F.	P
112	70	p	240	F0	R
113	71	q	241	F1	With
114	72	r	242	F2	T
115	73	s	243	F3	at
116	74	t	244	F4	f
117	75	u	245	F5	X
118	76	v	246	F6	ts
119	77	w	247	F7	h
120	78	x	248	F8	w
121	79	y	249	F9	sch
122	7A	z	250	F.A.	ъ
123	7B	{	251	FB	s
124	7C	\|	252	F.C.	b
125	7D	}	253	FD	uh
126	7E	~	254	F.E.	Yu
127	7F	Specialist. DEL	255	FF	I

ASCII Windows character code table.
Description of special (control) characters

It should be noted that ASCII table control characters were originally used to ensure data exchange via teletypewriter, data entry from punched tape, and for simple control of external devices.
Currently, most of the ASCII table control characters no longer carry this load and can be used for other purposes.

Code	Description
NUL, 00	Null, empty
SOH, 01	Start Of Heading
STX, 02	Start of TeXt, the beginning of the text.
ETX, 03	End of TeXt, end of text
EOT, 04	End of Transmission
ENQ, 05	Enquire. Please confirm
ACK, 06	Acknowledgment. I confirm
BEL, 07	Bell, call
BS, 08	Backspace, go back one character
TAB, 09	Tab, horizontal tab
LF, 0A	Line Feed, line feed. Nowadays in most programming languages it is denoted as \n
VT, 0B	Vertical Tab, vertical tabulation.
FF, 0C	Form Feed, page feed, new page
CR, 0D	Carriage Return, carriage return. Nowadays in most programming languages it is denoted as \r
SO,0E	Shift Out, change the color of the ink ribbon in the printing device
SI,0F	Shift In, return the color of the ink ribbon in the printing device back
DLE, 10	Data Link Escape, switching the channel to data transmission
DC1, 11 DC2, 12 DC3, 13 DC4, 14	Device Control, device control symbols
NAK, 15	Negative Acknowledgment, I do not confirm.
SYN, 16	Synchronization. Synchronization symbol
ETB, 17	End of Text Block, end of the text block
CAN, 18	Cancel, canceling previously transferred
EM, 19	End of Medium
SUB, 1A	Substitute, substitute.
Placed in place of a symbol whose meaning was lost or corrupted during transmission	ESC, 1B
Escape Control Sequence	FS, 1C
File Separator, file separator	GS, 1D
Group Separator	RS, 1E
Record Separator, record separator	US, 1F
Unit Separator	DEL, 7F