Assignment of keys on a personal computer keyboard. What buttons do you need to press on the keyboard to set the print function?
I think you have most likely already heard that keyboard- this is the most convenient and fastest way to control a computer, but, most likely, you cannot believe it, because you cannot understand how you can operate the keyboard faster e, than moving the mouse pointer to the desired location on the screen and clicking with one finger. So, this is really true. The author of this article himself once thought so too, but some time passed and everything fell into place.
The keyboard works faster!
The fact is that in fact, in order to perform several actions in a matter of seconds, the mouse is not suitable at all, because you need to reach out to the mouse, coordinate the movements with this hand, etc. The keys are always under your fingers, and to press several keys you need to make tens of times less concentrated effort. I'm not even talking about any altered states of consciousness, such as alcohol or drug intoxication - it is almost impossible to work with a mouse in these states, but with skillful use of the keyboard, performance does not decrease one gram even in such cases :)
What main groups of keys can be distinguished on the keyboard?
- The keyboard can be roughly divided into the following logical blocks:
- Letters, numbers and punctuation marks - this group can be called alphanumeric. These are the majority of keys on the keyboard. They are located in the center of the keyboard. Used for typing text, entering commands and program code.
In order to use these keys as conveniently and effectively as possible, you need to master. He explains how fingers should be positioned on the keyboard, since the keyboard is divided into several zones, and each of them corresponds to a specific finger. It is quite difficult to learn and requires a lot of patience and perseverance, but this skill pays off handsomely, since it makes using the computer much easier.
- This group is the row of twelve keys at the very top of the keyboard. They are used to perform many operations, which are described in detail in the article dedicated to them.
- Control keys. This is exactly what we are going to talk about on this page of the site. These are keys that are not assembled into any block. Enter, Alt, Ctrl, Tab, Shift, Backspace, spacebar - and several others. They are located throughout the keyboard - along its periphery. This is done so that they do not interfere with typing and at the same time are always accessible. When mastering the above-mentioned ten-finger method, these keys are almost all pressed with the little fingers. However, this is not important for us to get to know them yet. We will look at their names, purpose and main functions of control keys.
- Cursor keys. They are often separated into a separate group, with only 4 keys. In our opinion, these keys can be safely classified as controls, which they are in essence. They are needed to move the cursor. They are responsible for direction. Thus, among the control keys there are related ones Home, End, PgUp, PgDown. These keys are used, for example, to move around it, as well as to .
- Number pad - NumPad. A separate block with numbers arranged like on a calculator. These keys are auxiliary keys; some keyboards do not have them because they duplicate the numbers located in the top row of the alphanumeric block. An additional numeric keypad is used when working with numbers and arithmetic operations, for example. It is much easier for a person who does not know the ten-finger dialing method to use numbers there. But in general this is not effective, and, according to some, we recommend mastering the use of numbers in the top row of the main keyboard.
Well, now, let's look at the use of some basic combinations using mainly a group of control keys.
Enter
And we’ll start with the fact that the most important key is Enter. It allows you to send data from forms, text fields, the browser address bar, in general, in all those places where you need to enter any data.
This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones.
Next, the Tab (tabulate) key is very useful for us - this key allows you to move the input focus from one object to the next, in the order of top-to-bottom and left-to-right. The clearest example of its help is the use of this key when entering your username and password into the form for logging into your email account (I assume you already use email, although even if not, I will tell you about this in another article).
Let's say you opened a page for your email service. Instead of dragging and clicking the mouse in the field to enter a username (login), press only the key This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones.little finger of the left hand, and you will understand how much faster it is. This happens because the field for entering a name (login) is almost always the very first field in the structure of any web page where an authorization form is provided. The same can be said about search engine pages; when you open a search engine page, the first thing you do is click This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones., and you will invariably end up in a field for entering a query to a search engine, but this is what you need. It may seem incredibly inconvenient the first few times, but believe me, these few times are worth it. In general, the super-fast algorithm for entering a site is as follows: immediately after loading the web page you need, you click This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones., enter your login, click again This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones.(get used to it press it with your little finger), enter your password, click Enter. By the way, I will say that Enter should also be pressed with the little finger of your right hand.,
This is interesting! The Tab and Enter keys are specially made large so that you can easily hit them with your little finger.
It will be uncomfortable at first, but this discomfort will go away in a couple of days. But you can already compare the time it takes to log in somewhere, and you yourself will feel that this procedure now happens simply at lightning speed, compared to how you entered the site before, when using only the mouse for navigation.
Shift+Tab
You might say, “The Tab key is nice, but I still have to grab the mouse if I make a mistake in one of the fields, or miss it while typing, and I need to go back to the previous field, above or to the left.” . But I will answer you that this is always and everywhere provided, in such cases, in addition to the Tab described above, the Shift key comes to the rescue. That is, here we use not only the single Tab key, but the so-called combination, or key combination usually designated as Shift+Tab. This designation<клавиша 1>+<клавиша 2>, always means that in this case you need to first press key 1, and, holding it down, press key 2. As you get used to the keyboard, this action becomes similar to pressing two keys at the same time, because the time between pressing two keys gradually decreases with experience. That is, for use Shift+Tab To return to the previous input field, you need to hold Shift and press Tab.
Shift is also a key designed for little fingers. Or rather, the keys, because there are always two of them on a standard keyboard. This is done in order to use them regardless of which key you need to press along with it. The standard technique, which the first keyboard developers counted on, is Shift, you need to press the little finger of the hand that is free from pressing other keys. This means that the most correct and ergonomic way to press a command Shift+Tab will be pressing and holding the right Shift with the little finger of the right hand, and clicking on Tab with the little finger of the left hand.
The key to transfer input focus in the address bar.
The address bar is an indispensable and necessary element of any browser. It is with its help that we are able to transfer the required website address to the browser so that the latter displays its contents to us. The address bar is located at the top of your browser window; it automatically displays the address (url) of what the browser displays in the main window. So, in order to effectively use this function, there must be a hotkey that allows you to transfer input focus to this very line. The standard keys for this are:
- F6 in Firefox and IE browsers (internet explorer)
- F8 for Opera browser
By the way, in Opera you can change this value to any other key, say the same F6. Besides, F6 serves for this not only in the browser, but also in the standard Explorer of any operating system of the Windows family, because it uses the same engine both for the IE browser and for the Explorer OS shell itself. Directly in the system, you can use the address bar to navigate through the entire file system of your computer. Let's say you are in the C:Program FilesInternet Explorer directory, and in order to instantly move to the root of the C: drive of your system, just click the key F6, type “C:” and press Enter. This takes tens of times less time than the same action using the mouse.
By the way, you may have noticed that when you transfer focus to the address bar using a hotkey, the value that is currently in the line is automatically highlighted. This is done so that immediately after transferring focus you can type the desired address without being distracted by clearing the address bar field, as you would have to do with a mouse. Another useful thing is that when you start typing an address, a list of already visited addresses drops down if you want to use this function in the browser, and all possible navigation options if you are navigating through the file system. You just need to select the desired address and click Enter. A number of function keys are quite far from the main keyboard, so you can press these keys as you please. The best option is if you are not yet accustomed to using the function keys, then I recommend pressing F6 with the middle finger of your right hand. It is most convenient to press F8 with the ring finger of your right hand.
F5 - page refresh
Any browser has a refresh function for the current web page. In the browser toolbar, the button to call this function usually looks like two arrows forming a ring. This process involves a forced request of the current page from the server in order to download possible changes to the content, because while you are reading the page, it is physically located only on your computer, and during this time this page could have changed on the server. This may be necessary, for example, when checking email or reading forums, because the content there actually changes quite often. So, when the page is refreshed, the browser will load the changes that have occurred. This is what the F5 key is for. Most It is convenient to press this key with the index finger of either hand, in fact, it doesn’t matter which hand you use – which one will be more convenient for you.
True, there is another opportunity to update the page from the keyboard. Maybe someone will find it more convenient to use a combination Ctrl+R. Sometimes pressing it is more convenient than reaching for the F5 key. The correct way to press it is with the right little finger on ctrl and the left middle finger on R, this is the recommended placement of the fingers. Although for those who do not know the ten-finger typing method, it will be more convenient to press the combination completely with your left hand - the left little finger on the left ctrl and the left index on R.
Navigation - forward/backward
Any browser has a function for flipping through viewed web pages. This feature is available using the left and right arrow buttons on your browser toolbar. It is used to return to previously or later viewed pages. Let's say, being on some page “a”, you clicked on a link and went to page “b”, there you clicked on the link again and found yourself on page “c”. And suddenly you need to find yourself on page “b” again, but you don’t know the address of that page. This is why the “back” function exists. By clicking “back” once, you will find yourself exactly on page “b”. What if you double click? That's right, you will find yourself on page “a”. And so you can scroll through until you find yourself on the very first page from which you started surfing. But now you have seen what you wanted to see on page “a”, and you again need page “c”. No problem - the “Forward” function is provided for this. Being on page “a”, you need to double-click on “forward”, and you will find yourself exactly on page “c”. Just? Elementary. Comfortable? You'll understand in a couple of days.
Well, we’ve sorted out the function itself, now we need to find hotkeys for it, which, in fact, are discussed in this article. These keys are also standard, and work in almost all the most famous browsers, and again, they work when navigating through the Windows file system using the standard Explorer. These are the keys Alt+left- back and alt+right- forward. In addition, to turn pages back, the key is also standard in any browser. Backspace, but I do not recommend getting used to it, because it is less advisable to use it, I say this based on my own experience. The backspace key should always and everywhere be pressed with the little finger of the right hand. The combinations Alt + right and Alt + left are most correctly pressed as follows: Left Alt - with the ring finger of the left hand, and while holding it, with the little finger of the right hand, click the arrows to the left or to the right.
“But it’s hard!” - you say. Yes, it’s hard at first. But it will be very easy a little later.
There are also a couple more convenient options for pressing these combinations, which I use myself. The first of them is purely “navigational” - this is a special position of the hands, which I will probably talk about in another article. And the option is that the three fingers of the right hand are on the arrows, and, accordingly, press the index finger to the left, and the ring finger to the right. Left Alt is held with the left thumb. The remaining fingers in this position are located very conveniently on other control keys, but more on that another time.
The second option, let’s say we have a mouse in our right hand, with which we scroll the page. In order to flip the page back and forth without taking your hand off the mouse, you need holding the right Alt with the little finger of your left hand, scroll left or right with the index finger of your left hand. Just? Like diffusion. There is another option - with your left hand busy, scroll as follows: the thumb of the right hand on the right Alt, and with the little finger of the right hand we scroll through using the arrows.
Keyboard button meanings
The keyboard with which we type text has quite a lot of buttons. Each of these buttons is needed for something. In this lesson we will look at the keyboard buttons and remember those that are useful to us for working with text.
Keyboard keys
Key Esc. Its full name is Escape (pronounced "Escape") and it means "Exit". With this button we can close some programs. This applies to a greater extent to computer games..gif" alt="Function keys (F1-F12)" width="350" height="87">!}
Just below there is a row of buttons with numbers and signs (! " " No.; %: ? *, etc.).
To print a sign instead of a number, press the key with the desired sign while holding down the Shift button.
If the character printed is not the one you want, try changing the alphabet (bottom right)..gif" alt="English" width="19" height="22 src=">!}
On many keyboards, the numbers are also on the right side.
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Let's move on to the most important part - the central part of the keyboard keys. These are the keys that are used to type text.
As a rule, each button has two letters - one foreign, the other Russian. In order to type the letter of the desired language, it must be selected at the bottom of the screen..gif" alt="English" width="19" height="22 src=">!}
The computer “selects” the letters of the alphabet that is installed on it.
You can also change the alphabet by pressing two buttons at once:
Shift And Alt
Shift And Ctrl
How to print a capital letter
In order to type a capital letter, you need to hold down the Shift key and, together with it, click on the desired letter.
How to type a period and a comma
If the Russian alphabet is installed, then in order to print a dot, you need to press the last key in the lower letter row. It is located in front of the Shift button.
To type a comma, press the same button while holding Shift.
When the English alphabet is selected, to print a dot you need to press the key that is located before the Russian dot. The letter "Y" is usually written on it.
And the comma in the English alphabet is located where the Russian letter “B” is written (before the English dot).
The Tab button is needed to indent the beginning of a sentence. This indentation is also called a paragraph or red line. Click at the beginning of the text and press the Tab key. If the red line is adjusted correctly, the text will move slightly to the right.
Below the key that makes the red line is the Caps Lock key. It is used to print large letters.
Press Caps Lock once and release it. Try typing a word. All letters will be printed in capitals. To cancel this feature, press the Caps Lock key again and release it. Letters, as before, will be printed small.
The long bottom button on the keyboard is called the space bar. It is needed to create spaces between words.
On the top right side is the Backspace button. Often there is simply an arrow drawn on it, pointing to the left.
This button is needed to erase letters. It removes those letters that are printed in front of the flashing stick (cursor). The Backspace button is also used to raise text higher.
Below the key for deleting text is the Enter key.
It is designed to lower the text and move to the next line.
Let's look at the buttons that are located between the alphabetic and numeric keyboards. These are buttons such as Insert, Home, Page Up, Delete, End, Page Down and arrow buttons. They are needed in order to work with text without the help of a mouse.
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In this article we looked at keyboard keys. Many of them, most likely, you will never need. But there are some keyboard keys that you will use quite often.
Keyboard buttons to remember
https://pandia.ru/text/78/316/images/image021_45.gif" alt="Caps Lock" width="78" height="42">- после нажатия этой кнопки все буквы будут печататься большими. Чтобы вернуть печать маленькими буквами, нужно еще раз нажать кнопку Caps Lock.!}
- indents (red line).
Space. Using this button you can add space between words.
Moves down a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move down, and press the Enter button.
Deletes the character before the blinking cursor. In other words, it erases text. This button also moves the text up a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move to the top, and press the “Backspace” button.
Hello, dear readers of the blog site! Probably, many users, even beginners, know about the existence of so-called hot keys in the Windows OS (they are also called fast, which reflects the essence).
But only a few take full advantage of the benefits they provide when working with applications, files () or when browsing the Internet through browsers (in this article I will mention Chrome, Opera, Mazila and IE as the most popular).
I think that the lion's share of readers fully understand what we are talking about. But, keeping in mind that this blog was originally created for those who are just beginning their difficult path to mastering modern technologies, I will still give some clarifications.
Hot keys are a combination, or combination, of certain buttons on a computer keyboard that are pressed in a strict sequence (one after the other, and not all together), which allows you to expand the functionality of the operating system, ensuring that you perform the actions you need.
Before moving on to specifics, I note that the hotkeys provided below are for the most part universal and valid not only for Windows, but also for other operating systems (For example, Linux). Therefore, the material will be useful to almost everyone.
Basic Windows 7 hotkeys
For a better understanding of the material, let’s take as a basis the keyboard combinations implemented in the seven. And just below I will try to introduce in addition the shortcut keys that appeared already in the 8th and 10th modifications of this operating system. All keyboard shortcuts are divided into the following categories based on functionality:
- local - activate the desired function only if the window of the software designed specifically for them is open;
- global (for a program) - work in any window, but are intended for the corresponding program;
- global (for the operating system) - valid in any window.
It is worth noting here that developers of this or that software often set their default hotkeys for various operations and commands. In many cases, the user has the opportunity to independently choose those combinations that are convenient for him. You just need to keep in mind that the same combinations for different programs can lead to a conflict of global software hotkeys.
So, one of the most important for Windows is the global combination Ctrl + Alt + Delete, which allows us to go to a menu from where we can lock the computer, change the user, log out, change the password and launch the Task Manager.
You can immediately restart the computer, set sleep mode, or turn off the machine completely if you select the desired item from the drop-down menu of the red button in the lower right corner.
By the way, the Manager can be directly activated using Ctrl + Shift + Esc. With its help, we disable one or another operation (remove a task) that causes a freeze or causes unstable operation of the system.
A very useful combination Win+R, which opens the Run command dialog box. In a special field you can enter the name of any program, folder, document or web resource that you want to open.
Below I present a table with the main combinations for Windows that help speed up your computer work ( Win- key with the Windows logo):
| Hotkeys | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Win (Ctrl + Esc) | Open (close) the Start menu | ||
| Win+Pause/Break | Open System Properties dialog box | ||
| Win+R | Launch the Run dialog box | ||
| Win+D | Show (hide) desktop | ||
| Win+M | Collapse all windows | ||
| Win + Shift + M | Restore minimized windows | ||
| Win+E | Launch the Computer component | ||
| Win+F | Open search window | ||
| Win + Space | By pressing and holding these keys in succession, you can view the desktop | ||
| Win + Tab | Transitions between open windows (applications) | ||
| Basic keyboard shortcuts | |||
| Ctrl + Shift + Esc | Call Task Manager | ||
| F1 | Show Windows Help | ||
| Ctrl + C (Ctrl + Insert) | Copy (file or selected text fragment) | ||
| Ctrl+X | Cut (file or selected text) | ||
| Ctrl + V (Shift + Insert) | Insert (file or part of text) | ||
| Ctrl+Z | Undo an action on your computer | ||
| Ctrl+Y | Repeat action | ||
| Ctrl+D | Delete the selected object to the Trash | ||
| Shift+Delete | Permanently delete the selected object (without placing it in the Trash) | ||
| F2 | Rename the selected item (file) | ||
| Ctrl + right arrow | Move the mouse cursor to the beginning of the next word | ||
| Ctrl + left arrow | Move the mouse cursor to the beginning of the previous word | ||
| Ctrl + down arrow | Move the mouse cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph | ||
| Ctrl + up arrow | Move the mouse cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + arrow key | Select the desired number of words of text in a document, elements (for example, shortcuts) on the desktop, or files | ||
| Shift + any arrow key | Select the required number of letters in the text of a document, desktop elements or files. You can select items line by line by using the down and up arrow keys | ||
| Ctrl+A | Select all elements (for example, all text) in a document or open window | ||
| F3 | Search for a file or folder | ||
| F4 | Show address bar list in Explorer | ||
| Alt+F4 | Close the current item or exit the program | ||
| ALT + Space | Show the context menu of the active window | ||
| Ctrl+F4 | Close the active document window (if several documents are open in the program) | ||
| ALT+Tab | Moving from one open window to another | ||
| F5 (Ctrl + R) | Refresh active window | ||
| F6 | Switch between elements in a window, including on the desktop | ||
| F10 | Bring up the menu bar in an open application | ||
| Shift + F10 | Open a context menu for a selected item (for example, a file) | ||
| Left Alt + Shift | Switch input language if there are several of them | ||
| Ctrl + Shift | Switch keyboard layout if there are several of them | ||
| Dialog window | |||
| Ctrl+Tab | Move forward through tabs | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + Tab | Go back through tabs | ||
| This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones. | Move forward through active window elements | ||
| Shift + Tab | Navigate back through active window elements | ||
| Space | Installing or unchecking a checkbox in settings options | ||
| Windows Explorer | |||
| Ctrl + N | Open new window | ||
| Ctrl+W | Close current window | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + N | Create a folder | ||
| End | Move to the bottom element in the window | ||
| Home | Move to the top element in the window | ||
| Alt+Enter | Open a dialog menu with the properties of the selected element (file) | ||
| Alt + left arrow | View previous folder | ||
| Alt + right arrow | Browse next folder | ||
| Alt + up arrow | View parent folder | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + E | Display all directories in which the selected folder is nested | ||
| Alt+D | Call the “View” item in the menu bar | ||
| Ctrl + E (Ctrl + F) | Moving the cursor (focusing) to the search bar | ||
As I already said, these are basic hotkeys that we can use in Windows 7 to speed up work and save time. For those who are accustomed to doing everything thoroughly, I provide a link to the original source, which presents their complete register.
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Finding and setting up keyboard shortcuts in Windows 7
Basically, in the previous paragraph I gave a direct link to a complete list of all keyboard combinations. You can get almost the same thing if you use Help from MicroSoft. To get it, type the combination on your keyboard Win+F1 and enter the corresponding query in the search field. If you check “Local Help” at the bottom, you don’t even need an Internet connection:
From the resulting heap of results, select the one you need. Now let's see how you can change the keyboard shortcut in your own image to call any program, or set it if it was not assigned by default.
So, let's see how to set up hot keys on Windows 7. In order to assign them, select the shortcut of the desired program on the desktop and call the “Properties” item, where you insert the cursor into the field opposite the “Shortcut” option:
If the line says “no,” then there are no hotkeys installed for this program. To assign them, press any number or letter on the keyboard, as a result a new combination will be entered into the line (Ctrl + Alt will be added automatically):
Click “OK”, and that’s basically it. Now this program will be launched when you type the shortcut keys installed for it. In the future, if you decide to change the combination again, proceed in a similar way. To disable a previously assigned combination, enter the cursor opposite the “Shortcut” and press the “Backspace” key.
Keyboard shortcuts for Windows 8.1
Next, we will supplement the information received and try to build a table with those combinations that were added in the figure eight to optimize work on the computer and save users time. Of course, I will not give the entire list, since it is very impressive. Let's focus on the main ones:
| Hotkeys | Action corresponding to a key combination |
|---|---|
| Win+F1 | Access Windows Help |
| Win + Home | Collapse (maximize) all windows |
| Win+C | Call up the charms |
| Win+F | Search charms for finding files |
| Win+H | Open the Sharing charm |
| Win+I | Open the Settings charm |
| Win+K | Open the Devices charm |
| Win + O | Fix the screen orientation type (portrait or landscape) |
| Win+Q | Call the “Search” charm to find data across all resources or within the boundaries of an open application (if it supports this option) |
| Win+S | Miracle “Search” button to find information in Windows and on the Internet |
| Win+W | Calling the “Search” charm to get parameters |
| Win+Z | Display commands available in a specific application (if available) |
| Win + Tab | Switch between recently used apps |
| Win + Space | Switching input language and keyboard layout |
| Win + Ctrl + Space | Return to previously set input language |
| Win + Plus | Zoom in using Magnifier |
| Win + Minus | zoom out using screen magnifier |
| Win+Esc | Quit Magnifier |
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Keyboard shortcuts in Windows 10
Well, in conclusion, let's look at some of the shortcut keys that are present in the latest version of the Windows 10 operating system. The majority of keyboard shortcuts are still based on Windows 7. But there are also those that activate fundamentally new options and functions some are slightly modified. We will consider them by studying the next table below:
I emphasize once again that the table above does not fully reflect all combinations, but only those shortcut keys that were added by the developers. By analogy with the seven, I direct you to a page with a complete list of combinations for Windows 10.
Hotkeys in the browser (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, IE)
Now we will look at some combinations that may be useful to you when working in an open browser window. In principle, the combinations below, which I often use, work quite well in , although there are exceptions, which I will discuss below in the course of the story.
There are just some small nuances, which we’ll talk about in passing. At the same time, let us assume by default that Windows is installed on the computer as the most popular OS among users. But, as I noted above, the lion’s share of keyboard shortcuts will work in other operating systems.
So let's get started. Sometimes it happens that you accidentally close the tab with the desired web resource. In this case, you have to spend precious time finding the web site again, especially if you did not have time to bookmark it. That's when keyboard shortcuts come to the rescue. Ctrl + Shift + T, which give you the opportunity to open the closed tab that you turned off last.
It can be very convenient, without bothering yourself with unnecessary mouse movements, to immediately move the cursor to the address bar of the browser. To do this, dial Alt+D, then immediately enter the URL of the website you want to go to. If you are on a specific page of a site, then when you press these hotkeys, the URL of that resource will be highlighted.
When dialing Ctrl+E we give the command to search the browser for information by the entered search query, and not by the URL of the web resource. This is indicated by a question mark in the address bar of the same Chrome:
There are some features worth mentioning here. Let's try to first enter the website URL directly (I have Google as my default search):
After which we receive detailed data on the required resource with all possible main addresses of its web pages, links from other resources where there are mentions of it, reviews, etc.
Now we can simply enter the domain name () of the desired site:
In this case, all the information on the search results page will be similar to the previous option, but the links will be presented in a slightly different sequence and form.
Some differences will also be observed when searching in Yandex. If you enter the address (with ) or domain of the site using the standard format (without Ctrl+E), then you will simply go to its main page. Like this. This key combination works correctly in , and . But in , it doesn’t seem to work, at least not yet.
Often we need to get the source code of the page, which is called using the combination Ctrl+U. Moreover, in Google Chrome and Opera the code will appear in a new tab, which is very convenient. But when using Mozilla Firefox and IE, it opens in a new window, which, at least for me, causes discomfort. It's good that my work web browser is Chrome.
Keyboard shortcut Ctrl+A makes it possible to select all elements on a web page. This helps when you need to quickly copy the content of a web page, which sometimes takes up a considerable amount of space, and doing this with the mouse is extremely inconvenient.
For example, sometimes I test the correctness of the micro-markup of a particular blog web page in Google's Structured Data Testing Tool service, where you can insert the HTML code of the page. This may come in handy for some other cases as well. Then I just press these hotkeys to select all the text and then copy it.
By the way, you can copy all the content or just a fragment of it to the clipboard using Ctrl+C, and paste what was copied to a new location by pressing the keys Ctrl+V. By the way, there are cases when using hot keys for copying and pasting is no alternative, since similar operations with the mouse are impossible.
Let's move on. If we are talking about finding certain fragments of text on a page (say, a word), then we use special key F3, which causes a search line to appear in which you can enter what you are looking for. In Chrome, this line appears at the top right:
In the line that appears, enter the desired word, part of it, or phrase. As a result, we instantly get the number of such fragments found on the page. Yellow stripes on the right will indicate those lines of text where this word or phrase appears.
To move from one word found and highlighted in yellow to another, use combinations Ctrl+G(to the next one) and Ctrl + Shift + G(to the previous one). In this case, the serial number is counted and the page is scrolled to display its location.
Almost such a quick text search (it can also be used when writing an article in the editor) helps me a lot with SEO analysis of a freshly written or edited article. Let's say, in order to remove too frequently repeated keys.
By the way, in different browsers this line is located differently, although the search mechanism on the page remains the same. As you understand, it takes the form described above in Google Chrome. In Opera it appears at the top left, and in Mozilla it appears at the bottom left. And only Internet Explorer does not provide such a search, as far as I know.
The next hotkey I would like to talk about is Ctrl+F5. You are probably aware that using the F5 button reloads the active page. However, almost all website owners use caching to speed them up ().
By the way, many webmasters use for these purposes, which is one of the best in its class, so take note. In this case, when making a request, users are not given the latest version of the web page, which may already contain some changes, but a cached copy of it.
So, to get a page not from the cache, but directly its latest version from the server, the key combination Ctrl+F5 is used. This is very convenient, including for viewing changes made on your own website. In the table below you can choose the desired combination of keys on the keyboard and their assignments when working in browsers:
| Keyboard shortcut | Action corresponding to a key combination | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | Call help for the browser that is currently active | ||
| Ctrl+H | View history | ||
| Ctrl+J | Open list of downloads (downloaded files) | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + Del | Open cache clear tool | ||
| Alt+F | Browser settings | ||
| Alt+F4 | Close browser | ||
| Shift+Esc | Calling the web browser task manager | ||
| F12 | Open developer tools | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + J | Open JavaScript Console | ||
| Tabs | |||
| Ctrl+T | Open new tab | ||
| Ctrl + click link | Open the page using the link in a new tab | ||
| Ctrl + F4 (Ctrl + W) | Close tab | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + T | Open last closed tab | ||
| Ctrl+Tab | Move one tab to the right | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + Tab | Move one tab to the left | ||
| Ctrl + 1-8 (basic number keys) | Select a tab by its serial number (from 1 to 8) | ||
| Ctrl + 9 | Select last tab | ||
| Window | |||
| Ctrl + N | Open new window | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + N | Open a new window in incognito mode | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + W (Alt + F4) | Close a window | ||
| Shift + click link | Open the web page using the link in a new window | ||
| F11 | Maximize the window to full screen (exit full screen mode) | ||
| Bookmarks | |||
| Ctrl+D | Bookmark this page | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + D | Create bookmarks for all open pages | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + O | Activate bookmark manager | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + B | Open bookmarks bar | ||
| Address bar in browser | |||
| Alt+Enter | Open the entered address in a new tab | ||
| Ctrl + K (Ctrl + E) | Focus on entering a query into the browser search field | ||
| F6 (Ctrl + L) | Select text in address bar | ||
| Ctrl + left arrow | Move cursor to the beginning of the previous word | ||
| Ctrl + right arrow | Move cursor to the beginning of the next word | ||
| Ctrl + Backspace | Delete the word in front of the cursor | ||
| Ctrl + Enter | Add www. and.com to the address and open the URL created in this way | ||
| Page in browser | |||
| Alt + Home | Go to the Yandex main page | ||
| F3 | Search on page | ||
| Ctrl+G | Move to next value when searching on page | ||
| Ctrl + Shift + G | Go to previous value when searching on page | ||
| Alt + left arrow | Go to previous web page | ||
| Alt + right arrow | Go to next web page | ||
| F5 | Refresh the page | ||
| Ctrl+F5 | Refresh the page bypassing the cache (download the latest version of the page) | ||
| Ctrl+S | Save page as... | ||
| Ctrl+P | Printing from a computer screen | ||
| Ctrl + Plus | Zooming in on the page | ||
| Ctrl + Minus | Zooming out the page | ||
| Ctrl + 0 | Set page scale to 100% | ||
| Ctrl+A | Select all | ||
| Ctrl+C | Copy | ||
| Ctrl+X | Cut | ||
| Ctrl+V | Insert | ||
| Ctrl+Z | Cancel | ||
| Ctrl+O | Open file | ||
| Ctrl+U | View page code | ||
Here are all the main, most commonly used hotkeys that can be useful when working in popular web browsers. However, for those who want to get the absolute maximum information, I will provide an additional link to the corresponding Chrome help, where there is data on this browser and, perhaps, you will find something else useful there.
To improve your computer efficiency, you just need to know most useful keyboard shortcuts Windows. You can find huge lists of “hot” keys on the Internet, but it’s hard to remember everything, and there’s no need to do so.
In this IT lesson I will share with you those useful keyboard shortcuts that I use most often.
What are hotkeys?
First, let’s figure out what “hot key combinations” we are talking about.
Hotkeys or keyboard shortcut(aka shortcut keys) are combinations of simultaneously pressed buttons on the keyboard that allow you to quickly perform an action.
That is, by holding down two or three buttons on the keyboard, you replace several actions with the mouse, thereby significantly speeding up your work on the computer.
Where can I use keyboard shortcuts?
On different operating systems(Windows, Linux, Mac OS) different keyboard shortcuts are used, but some of them are identical.
In most programs hotkeys are also used. Some of them are standard for certain operations (creating a new document, printing), and some are unique for each individual program.
If you constantly use any program, be sure to familiarize yourself with its hot keys, this will help speed up your work several times!
Useful Windows Keyboard Shortcuts
And now the most useful Windows key combinations that I recommend remembering. All of these shortcuts use "modifier keys" ( Ctrl, Alt, Shift and key Windows):
Every computer user should know this!
All PC users should know these Windows key combinations; they work both with folders and files, and with text.
“Copy”, “Cut”, “Paste” keys:
- Ctrl+C– copy to clipboard (the file, folder or text will remain in the current location).
- Ctrl+X– cut to clipboard (the file, folder or text will be deleted from its current location).
- Ctrl+V– paste from the clipboard (copied or cut files, folders or text will appear in the current location).
“Select All” and “Undo”:
To select all the contents of the current folder or all the contents of an open document:
- Ctrl+A- select all.
I hope you already know about these hotkeys, but it wouldn’t hurt to repeat them.
But not everyone knows these combinations:
- Ctrl+Z– cancel the previous action (including copying/moving files).
- Ctrl+Y– repeat the undone action (i.e. the opposite of the previous key combination).
Working with documents opened in the program
Hotkeys that will save you both time and nerves. Why drag the mouse to the menu " File", after clicking, look for the item " Create" or " new document"(in most programs the location and names of the items are different), when you can hold down two keys:
- Ctrl + N– creating a new document in the program.
When you type text in Word, you need to save the document often so as not to lose it in case of various failures. But sometimes you are too lazy to pick up the mouse again, look for an icon on the taskbar, or an item in the menu; there is a simple replacement:
- Ctrl+S– save the open document.
These key combinations work in office programs, browsers, and graphic editors; both in Windows and Linux.
Hotkeys for working with program windows
When you have many programs open, and each program also contains more than one document, it’s not difficult to get confused. But these hotkeys will help you quickly switch between programs.
- Alt+Tab— switching between windows of running programs. Hold Alt and keep pressing Tab to move to other programs (see ).
- Alt + Shift + Tab— scrolling through open programs in reverse order (the same Alt+Tab, but backwards) with a large list of open programs can be very convenient.
- Ctrl+Tab– switching between bookmarks of an open window, switching between documents open in the program (for example, you can quickly switch between two open files in Word).
- Win+1, Win+2…Win+0– switch between open programs by number on the taskbar. Launching programs pinned to the taskbar (we have already discussed in more detail).
These keyboard shortcuts will help you quickly close unnecessary documents.
- Alt+F4– closes the active program.
- Ctrl+F4– closing one document or tab in the program (the program itself continues to work).
Have a lot of programs open, but need to quickly see your desktop? Please:
- Win+D– minimize all windows and show the desktop (pressing again returns all windows to their place!).
Let's start with the keys that do not need a combination, pressing which individually performs some operation.
- F1– in most programs it calls help system(“Help” or “Help”)
- Backspace – go back in the Explorer window and in browsers (the previous open folder or the previous website page).
- This works always and everywhere, not only on website pages, but throughout your entire operating system and even outside it... But the Enter key is replaced by various buttons designed for entering data using the mouse - next to the address bar of your browser there is a “Go” button ", on web page forms these are buttons like “Login”, “Search”, etc. So, if you still use the “mouse” analogues of the Enter key, I strongly recommend that you start using it. In fact, such a data entry operation will shorten you by only a second or two, but how many times is this operation performed during operation? That’s what I’m talking about - everything is made up of the smallest details, and in the art of navigation this small detail is one of the main ones.– each time you press activates another element program window for keyboard control (open a new browser window and press the Tab key several times, watching where the blinking cursor or highlight moves). In text editors, pressing TAB indents text at a standard distance - very convenient, but more on that in one of the future IT lessons.
- Esc – closes dialog boxes, various menus and some programs. Also, undoes completed actions(if you get lost in open program windows and are afraid to accidentally change settings, then press ESC until you return to the main window).
- Win– opens and closes menu "".
I have already mentioned some of the listed combinations in previous IT lessons, so as not to overwhelm you today with a huge list of new combinations.
Keyboard shortcuts book
Want to learn more hotkeys? Then leave a useful comment and receive a book as a gift"Magic Keyboard Shortcuts"! You can read more about the book.
Sometimes it happens that you have to work with text in one of the editors using only the keyboard. Let’s say the mouse breaks, but you need to finish printing the document immediately, there is no time to go to the store. In addition, in individual situations, you can perform any actions using the keyboard much faster. It is not for nothing that manufacturers of many programs add the function of so-called hot keys to them. In this article we will look at how to select text using the keyboard, as well as general ways to work on a computer without using a mouse.
Selecting a test using the keyboard on a laptop
If you use a laptop or netbook for work, you can select text using the keys in the following ways:
- The cursor should be placed at the beginning of the fragment requiring selection. You can do this by sliding your finger across the TouchPad. Next, you need to hold down the Shift key and move the cursor to the end of the fragment.
- You can also place the cursor at the beginning of the text by holding down the left button on the TouchPad and move it to the end of the fragment.
How to highlight text using the keyboard when working on a PC
If you work on a computer, selecting text without using a mouse is also easy. To do this, you need to move the cursor to the beginning of the fragment using the arrows. Next, hold down the Shift key. Without releasing it, select the text using the same arrows. In this case, when you press “right” or “left,” the selection area will move one character in the corresponding direction; when you press “down” or “up,” it will move one line. To select one word, place the cursor in front of it and use the combination Ctrl+Shift+right arrow.
How to highlight paragraphs
To select a paragraph above the cursor, use the combination Ctrl+Shift + up arrow. The paragraph will then be highlighted to the very beginning, regardless of where the cursor is, at the end or somewhere in the middle. To select a paragraph to the end, press the key combination Ctrl+Shift+down arrow.
How to select pages and all text at once
In order to select the entire page at once, you need to use the combination Shift+pgUp if the cursor is at the bottom of it. If it is located at the top of the page, you should use the combination Shift+pgDown.
Now let's see on the keyboard right away. It's very easy to do. You must press Ctrl+A. Then everything printed can be deleted, centered, copied to, or some other similar action. We'll look at how to do this without using a mouse below.
From the current cursor position, you can select text up to the very beginning of the document by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Home. Until the very end - Ctrl+Shift+End.
selected fragment
You now know how to select text using the keyboard. This is done simply. Fragments are usually highlighted either to be deleted or to be moved to another part of the text. In the first case, you just need to press the Del key, to copy a fragment - Ctrl+C. To paste it in the required place (it doesn’t matter, in the same editor or in another), you should use the combination Ctrl+V. You can cut a piece of text using Ctrl+X.
How to navigate the editor menu without a mouse
So, we have figured out how to select text using the keyboard if the mouse is broken. But how do you work with the editor menu? With a laptop everything is simple. In this case, the same convenient TouchPad will help. On the computer you will have to use certain ones, let’s look at the example of the well-known Word program.
How to launch Word and change the position of the window on the monitor
Selecting text isn't the only task that can be accomplished using just the keyboard. You can launch the editor from the desktop by simply moving between the shortcuts using the arrows. The same applies to opening a program from the Start menu. It is displayed after clicking on the flag icon on the keyboard. The menu will also open when using Ctrl+Esc.
In order to minimize the editor window, press Alt+Space and select “Collapse” from the drop-down menu using the up or down arrows. To move the program, click on the “Move” line. After this, you can use the arrows to move the editor window to any place on the monitor. In order to close the menu that appears after pressing the Alt+Spacebar combination, you just need to press the Esc key.
How to open a file or create a new document
For those who often work with the Word editor, it will be useful to know not only how to select part of the text or all of it without using the mouse, but also how to open a file or create a new document. In the first case, you should use the combination Ctrl+O. After this, Explorer will open, in which you can find the required file. To navigate through the explorer, use the Tab key (move in a circle from folders to the files located in them, the “Open” button, the “Cancel” button, etc.) and the arrows. To create a new document, press Ctrl+N.
How to change the appearance of text without using a mouse
Sometimes the question of how to highlight text on the keyboard arises among users due to the fact that it needs to be made bold, underlined, etc. In this case, you can also use key combinations. Ctrl+I changes the selection to italics. Using the Ctrl+B keys you can make the text bold, and using Ctrl+U you can underline it.
See the table for some other popular keyboard shortcuts.
Font enlargement |
|
Right alignment |
|
Reducing the font |
|
Ctrl+equal sign | Conversion to index (lower) |
Aligning a fragment to the left edge of the sheet |
|
Ctrl+Shift+ plus sign | Conversion to index (upper) |
Center text alignment |
|
Align Width |
|
Undo last action |
To remove formatting from a selected fragment, press Ctrl+Spacebar.
How to copy formatting
In Word, using the keyboard, you can, among other things, copy completed formatting. To do this, select the fragment with the desired design and press Ctrl+Shift+C. To apply formatting, you need to select the area to be changed and combine Ctrl+Shift+V.
Navigating through text without a mouse
In order to go to the very beginning of the document, regardless of what size it is, you should use the Ctrl+Home combination. You can move to the end of the printed text using the Ctrl+End combination. Arrows are used to move along the lines horizontally or vertically.
How to navigate a table without using a mouse
To move to the next cell in a table row, press Tab. You can move to the previous cell using the Shift+Tab combination. If necessary, using hot keys you can quickly get to the last (Alt+End) as well as the first cell (Alt+Home). In a column, you move to the first cell by using the combination Alt+Page Up, and to the very last cell by using Alt+Page Down. You can move to the lines adjacent above and below using regular arrows. You can move the text along with the line up or down by using the combination Alt+Shift+down arrow or the same keys and the up arrow.
Vertical block of text: highlight
Selecting text using the keyboard in Word is also possible in a vertical position. In order to execute it this way, you need to press Ctrl+Shift+F8, then limit the block with arrows. Now the letters in the selected fragment can be made bold, italicized, underlined, etc. You can also highlight the block with a color or change the color of the letters themselves. True, you won’t be able to copy this section of text.
How to save typed text and exit the program
To save the printed document on your computer, press Ctrl+S. To print a file, you need to use the combination Ctrl+P. You can navigate within the displayed dialog box using the Tab key and arrow keys. In order to close a document, you must press Ctrl+W. You can also stop Word using the Ctrl+F4 combination.
Thus, we have figured out how to use the keyboard to select the entire text, its individual parts horizontally or vertically. As you can see, this is not at all difficult to do. So, if your mouse breaks, you can now easily finish printing the document you started.