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Other possible problems with the Taskbar. Align objects to center and edges

In any document, let it be an educational article, essay, coursework or thesis, there are always pictures without exception. When it becomes necessary to move the picture to another location, the article loses its previous correct appearance. To prevent this from happening, let's figure out how to move images correctly and freely in Word.

Working with a drawing using an icon in 2013 and 2016

If the picture does not move around the document by simply clicking on it, holding it and moving around the document, or spoils the structure of the text with its location, then select the appropriate version of Word below and repeat the steps.

Moving photos

In Word 2016 and 2013, when working with an image, it appears special character, by clicking on which you can quickly and freely move the picture. To do this you need:

  • Click on the image to highlight it;
  • Click on the “Markup Options” icon in the upper right corner of the image;
  • Choose suitable option wrapping in the “Text wrapping” subsection;
  • For free movement, it is best to select “In front of text”;
  • An “anchor” icon will appear next to the picture. The presence of an anchor will indicate the exact location of the object at the time of movement;
  • Now the drawing moves freely across the text.
    • Pin and snap a picture

    To fix the picture, you need to right-click and select “Wrap text”, then “Fix position on page”. With further manipulations with the text, the image will not move. An anchor symbol will appear next to it, which means an object that cannot be moved.

    In the example, the “Before text” wrapping was set. If you start typing text above the picture, then as the volume increases, it will move behind the picture.

    Attention. If you snap to an object, the image will move along with the text, even if “Fix position on page” is applied to the image.

    You need to remove the binding. By clicking on the picture, go to the “Format” - “Text Wrap” - “ Additional options markings."

    To attach a picture to the text, on the contrary, check the boxes next to “Move with text” and “Set anchor”.

    Moving using the help window and the Format tab

    There are times when when you click on a picture, the special “Markup Options” symbol does not appear, as in Word 2016. In this case, use method one or two.

    Moving a picture in Word 2007-2016

    There are three methods to move a photo in a document, to do this you need to:

    Method 1: Help menu

    Click on photo right key mice. In the auxiliary window, specify “Text wrapping” and select the required type of wrapping, for example, “Before text”;

    Now you can move the picture without affecting the text.

    Method 2: Format Tab

    You can also use the Format tab. Take the following steps:

    Click on the picture and go to the main panel in the “Working with Pictures” window. Select Text Wrap and the desired wrap option from the list. While holding the picture with the mouse, move the photo to the desired place in the text.

    Attaching and linking pictures to text in Word 2010 and 2007

    If you want to pin a picture, you need to click on it right click mouse go to “Text wrapping” and specify the wrapping “Before text”.

    Right-click on the photo again and select “Size and Position” for Word 2010. The “Markup” window will open. You need to go to the “Position” tab and check the box next to “Set snap”. Save the changes by clicking the “Ok” button.

    Note. In Word 2007, you need to open “Text Wrapping” - “Advanced Options” and in the “Position” window set “Anchor”.

    Now, moving the text, the picture will not budge.

    If you want the image to move along with the text, select “Move with text.”

    Shifting the image using keys

    If you want to move the image strictly horizontally or vertically, you can hold down the “Shift” key.

    To make small shifts in a photo within an article, hold down the “Ctrl” key and use the up, down, left and right buttons.

    Equilibrium is usually understood as a special state of a system or body when all the influences exerted on it compensate each other. Or are absent altogether. In chemistry, the concept of equilibrium is applied to reactions occurring between different substances, or more precisely, to the conditions under which they occur.

    Concept of equilibrium

    Chemical reactions have many classifications according to various signs, but when talking about chemical equilibrium, what reversible and irreversible reactions are should be remembered.

    If a reaction results in the formation of products that do not interact with each other, they speak of irreversible reactions, that is, they proceed only in the forward direction. Typically, one of the products in them is a gaseous, slightly dissociating or insoluble compound. For example:

    Pb(NO 3) 2 + 2ΗCl PbCl 2 ↓ + 2HNO 3

    Na 2 CO 3 + 2ΗCl 2NaCl + CO 2 + Η 2 O

    NaOΗ + ΗCl NaCl + Η 2 O

    The products of reversible reactions are able to interact with each other, thereby forming the starting substances, that is, two oppositely directed reactions occur simultaneously. If at some point in time, under certain conditions, the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, then chemical equilibrium is established.

    It should be mentioned that such equilibrium is characterized as dynamic. In other words, both reactions continue, but the concentration values ​​of all its participants remain unchanged and are called equilibrium.

    This state is expressed mathematically using the equilibrium constant (Kp). Let there be an interaction of substances described by the equation aΑ + bB cC + dD. For opposite reactions, we can write down formulas for calculating their rates through the law of mass action. Since in a state of equilibrium these rates will be equal, we can express the ratio of the rate constants of two opposite reactions. This is what will be numerically equal to the equilibrium constant.

    The K p value helps determine the completeness of the reactions occurring. If K p 1, then the equilibrium is shifted towards products.

    Types of balance

    Chemical equilibrium can be true, apparent or false. For true balance signs are observed:

    • If there is no external influence, then it is constant over time.
    • If external influences change (this applies to temperature, pressure, etc.), then the state of the system also changes. But as soon as the initial values ​​of the conditions are returned, the balance is immediately restored.
    • A state of true equilibrium can be achieved both from the products of a chemical reaction and from the starting substances.

    If at least one of these conditions is not met, then such an equilibrium is said to be apparent (metastable). If the state of the system begins to change irreversibly when changing external conditions, then such an equilibrium is called false (or inhibited). An example of the latter is the reaction of iron with oxygen.

    The concept of equilibrium is somewhat different from the points of view of thermodynamics and kinetics. Under thermodynamic equilibrium is understood minimum value Gibbs energy for a particular system. True equilibrium is characterized by ΔG = 0. And about a state for which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, that is, v 1 = v 2, they say that such equilibrium is - kinetic.

    Le Chatelier's principle

    Henri Le Chatelier studied the patterns of shifting equilibrium in the 19th century, but Karl Brown summarized all these works and later formulated the principle of moving equilibrium:

    if an equilibrium system is affected from the outside, then the equilibrium will shift in the direction of reducing the effect produced

    In other words, if an equilibrium system is subject to any impact, it tends to change in such a way that this impact is minimal.

    Equilibrium shift

    Let us consider the consequences of Le Chatelier’s principle using the reaction equation as an example:

    N 2 + 3Η 2 2NΗ 3 + Q.

    If you increase the temperature, the equilibrium will shift towards the endothermic reaction. In this example, heat is released, which means the direct reaction is exothermic, and the equilibrium will shift to the starting substances.

    If you increase the pressure, this will lead to a shift in equilibrium to smaller volumes of gaseous substances. In the example given, there are 4 moles of gaseous starting materials and 2 moles of gaseous products, which means that the equilibrium will shift towards the reaction products.

    If the concentration of the starting substance is increased, the equilibrium will shift in the direction of the forward reaction and vice versa. Thus, if you increase the concentrations of N 2 or Η 2, then the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction, and if ammonia, then in the opposite direction.

    While working in Photoshop, you constantly need to move objects around. For these purposes, use the Move tool. In this article, you will learn everything you can do using Move and what other useful features it has.

    There are two possible scenarios for this action:

    1. Just move the fragment. In this case the tool will work as a command Cut, that is, after moving, a void will remain in this place.

    Example

    Let's say you need to select a word in a picture (which is part of the picture) and move it somewhere else:

    Let me remind you that to create such a selection, as a rule, use .

    2. Move the contents of the selected area, automatically creating a copy of it. To do this, you need to hold the Alt key on the keyboard.

    Example

    The same case when you need to move text, but the task is to automatically create a copy of it:

    When moving the contents of a layer or selection, make sure that the correct layer is selected in the Layers palette. If this is the content of a selected area, then first select the layer that contains this fragment.

    If you selected an empty layer, or the selected selection does not include a single pixel, then Photoshop will show you .

    If you need a fragment that was created by overlaying two or more layers, then start with these to create one layer, to which you will apply the movement of the fragment of the selected area.

    3. Move objects from one tab to another

    In Photoshop there are many ways to add a picture to a picture. One such way is to use the Move tool.

    To do this, you need to place tabs with pictures () on the workspace so that you can all see them. Then take the tool, left-click the contents of one tab and, without releasing the mouse button, move it to another tab.

    Example

    4. Align objects to the center and edges

    The options bar contains commands that allow you to automatically align objects relative to the entire image or its individual fragment.

    In the options bar, most of the functionality is taken away by the alignment buttons. But besides them there are other settings.

    Auto select

    By checking this option, you will change the way you select an object to move. If in normal mode(without a checkmark) first you need to select a layer in the palette, and then move it, then with activated mode Auto-select, Photoshop will move the layer you hovered over in the image itself.

    This is convenient when the image has many layers with small details that have to be constantly moved. Moving your hand to the layers palette and back, and also having to find the thumbnail of the desired layer, takes a lot of time. This mode will significantly speed up work productivity. The main thing is to clearly understand what objects are located on separate layers and clearly aim the mouse pointer to their pixels.

    Here I would also add another similar tool option for selecting layers to move - right-clicking on the image brings up the layers menu. That is, this menu shows the names of all layers that have their pixels at this point, and the top one in the list will be the one whose pixels are higher than the rest.

    Show controls

    If you check the box next to this option, then all the objects that you select to move will be displayed immediately with a frame with markers. With its help, you can immediately change the size of objects, their angle of inclination and call .

    If you notice an error in the text, select it and press Ctrl + Enter. Thank you!

    Imagine a situation: you come to your home or, for example, to work, turn on your PC and see that the usual strip with the start button (called the taskbar), which is usually located at the bottom, has been moved to the left, right, or even to top part screen. The reason for such a “move” could be a joke from friends, colleagues or your household. In addition, you could accidentally move the panel yourself and turn off the computer without noticing it. Be that as it may, you either need to get used to the new design of your desktop, or change everything “as it was.” And if you don’t want to put up with the changes, then the information presented below - how to move the taskbar to the bottom of the screen will be useful for you.

    Many users who have installed different versions Windows: 7, 8 and 10. Therefore, in this article we will look at all versions of Windows so that every user can solve this problem. If, when reading, it talks about settings that you do not have, then this means that this paragraph is discussing a different version of Windows. In any case, your situation will be resolved and you don’t have to worry.

    Drag the panel with your mouse

    You should start from the very beginning simple way return the taskbar to its normal place. Its essence lies in simple drag and drop panels back. That is, in the literal sense - we pressed the left mouse button on an empty space of the panel and dragged it to the right place.

    In a good way, you should first check whether the panel can be dragged at all? To do this, right-click on the taskbar and pay attention to the “Pin the taskbar” option - in Windows 7 and 8.

    If there is a check mark next to it, then dragging the panel will not work. But don't panic! Just uncheck it (click on this item) and that's it. If you have Windows 10, this setting will be called:

    So, if the checkbox is unchecked, then do what was written above (drag the taskbar to the desired place, but when you drag you should not release the mouse button), after the panel is in in the right place, right-click on an empty space in the panel and this time check the box next to “Pin...”. This is necessary so that you do not inadvertently move the taskbar to another location again.

    This method is relevant for everyone Windows versions, so you shouldn't have any problems.

    Here short video for Windows 7 and 8:

    Moving the taskbar through its "Properties"

    There is also another way to return the taskbar to its usual place. So, if for some reason you were unable to drag the taskbar, then right-click on it, but this time instead of clicking on “Pin the taskbar”, select “Properties”. This is what it will look like in Windows 7 and 8 (Windows 10 will be discussed below):

    In the window that opens, pay attention to the subsection “Position of the taskbar on the screen” and click on it, then click on the taskbar location that is most suitable for you and do not forget to click on the “Apply” button at the end. This is how it looks in Windows 8 (in Windows 7 this setting is located a little to the left):

    And of course, don’t forget to pin the panel afterwards so that you don’t accidentally drag it again later (to do this, in the properties at the top there is an item “Lock the taskbar”, next to which you also need to put a checkmark).

    If your computer is in at the moment installed Windows system 10, then you will not have the “Properties” item; instead, click on “Options”:

    In addition to the methods described above, it is also possible to return the taskbar to its place using the registry. However this method quite complex and incomprehensible to a simple user, and besides, the above methods do their job perfectly.

    For Windows 10:

    Vlad Merzhevich

    Positioning is the position of an element in a coordinate system. There are four types of positioning: normal, absolute, fixed and relative. Depending on the type, which is set through the position property, the coordinate system also changes.

    Thanks to the combination of the position , left , top , right and bottom properties, an element can be superimposed on one another, displayed at a point with certain coordinates, fixed at a specified location, determined the position of one element relative to another, etc. Similar to other properties CSS management positioning is available through scripts. Thus, you can dynamically change the position of elements without reloading the page, creating animation and various effects.

    Normal positioning

    If an element's position property is not set or its value is static , the element is rendered in the document stream as normal. In other words, elements are displayed on the page in the order they appear in source code HTML.

    The left , top , right , bottom properties, if defined, are ignored.

    Absolute positioning

    With absolute positioning, the element does not exist in the document flow and its position is set relative to the edges of the browser. You can set this type through the absolute value of the position property. The coordinates are specified relative to the edges of the browser window, called the “visible area” (Fig. 3.42).

    Rice. 3.42. Left, right, top and bottom property values ​​for absolute positioning

    The mode is characterized by the following features.

    • The layer's width, unless explicitly specified, is equal to the width of the content plus the margin, border, and padding values.
    • A layer does not change its original position unless it has the right , left , top , and bottom properties.
    • The left and top properties take precedence over the right and bottom properties. If left and right contradict each other, then the value of right is ignored. The same goes for bottom .
    • If left is set to a negative value, the layer will go beyond the left edge of the browser, and the scroll bar will not appear. This is one way to hide an element from view. The same applies to the top property, only the layer will go beyond the top edge.
    • If left set the value more width visible area or specify right with a negative value, the horizontal stripe scroll. A similar rule works with top , but we will talk about vertical stripe scroll.
    • At the same time, the specified left and right properties form the width of the layer, but only if width is not specified. Once you add the width property, the right value will be ignored. The same will happen with the height of the layer, only the properties top , bottom and height are involved.
    • An absolutely positioned element moves with the document as it scrolls.

    The position property, set to absolute, can be used to create a frame effect. In addition to absolute positioning for elements, you must assign overflow property with the value auto . Then, when the content exceeds the height of the visible area, a scroll bar will appear. The height and width of the “frames” are generated automatically by simultaneous use properties left , right for width and top , bottom for height (example 3.31).

    Example 3.31. Creating an analogue of frames

    Absolute positioning body ( margin: 0; ) #sidebar, #content ( position: absolute; ) #sidebar, #content ( overflow: auto; padding: 10px; ) #header ( height: 80px; /* Layer height */ background: #FEDFC0; border-bottom: 2px solid #7B5427; ) #header h1 ( padding: 20px; margin: 0; ) #sidebar ( width: 150px; background: #ECF5E4; border-right: 1px solid #231F20; top: 82px ; /* Distance from the top edge */ bottom: 0; /* Distance from the bottom */ ) #content ( top: 82px; /* Distance from the top edge */ left: 170px; /* Distance from the left edge */ bottom: 0 ; right: 0; ) Pilaf of the peoples of the world

    Fergana style pilaf

    Uzbek pilaf

    Siberian pilaf

    Italian pilaf

    Estonian pilaf

    American style pilaf

    Indian style pilaf

    Fergana style pilaf

    Place the meat cut into pieces into a cauldron and fry it until a crust forms. Fry the onion, chopped into rings, together with the meat until reddish in color, then add the carrots, cut into strips. Add half the salt, mix everything and fry until the carrots turn golden brown. After this, pour half the required amount of water and let it boil.

    Cover the rice in an even layer, increase the heat and immediately pour in water so that it covers the rice by 1–1.5 cm. As soon as the water has evaporated, use a slotted spoon to collect the pilaf in a mound in the middle, pierce it with a stick in several places so that the water on the surface, went to the bottom. Then cover the pilaf and let it rest for 20–25 minutes.

    Mix the finished pilaf thoroughly, transfer to a large dish, and place the meat on top.

    Result this example shown in Fig. 3.43. The header layer is rendered in the stream as usual, and the sidebar and content layers are set to absolute positioning.

    Rice. 3.43. Applying absolute positioning

    In IE6, absolutely positioned elements cannot have left , right and top , bottom properties simultaneously.

    Absolute positioning is also used to create various effects, for example, tooltips for photos. Unlike title attribute tag which also displays the tooltip text, through styles you can control the type of text displayed using the script.

    First, let's create an empty layer with the identifier floatTip and define its style. Three style properties must be required - position with a value of absolute , display with a value of none hides the layer, and width sets the width of the layer with a tooltip. The remaining properties are used at the request of the developer and are intended to change the design of the layer (example 3.32).

    Example 3.32. Tooltip style

    #floatTip ( position: absolute; /* Absolute positioning */ width: 250px; /* Block width */ display: none; /* Hiding from display */ border: 1px solid #000; /* Frame parameters */ padding: 5px ; /* Margins around text */ font-family: sans-serif; /* Chained font */ font-size: 9pt; /* Font size */ color: #333; /* Text color */ background: #ECF5E4; /* Background color */ )

    The script itself consists of two functions - moveTip() tracks mouse movement and changes the position of the layer in accordance with the cursor coordinates, and toolTip() controls the visibility of the layer and displays the desired text in it (example 3.33).

    Example 3.33. Layer output script

    Document.onmousemove = moveTip; function moveTip(e) ( floatTipStyle = document.getElementById("floatTip").style; w = 250; // Layer width // For IE browser if (document.all) ( x = event.x + document.body.scrollLeft ; y = event.y + document.body.scrollTop; // For other browsers ) else ( x = e.pageX; // X coordinate of the cursor y = e.pageY; // Y coordinate of the cursor ) // Show the layer to the right of cursor if ((x + w + 10)< document.body.clientWidth) { floatTipStyle.left = x + "px"; // Показывать слой слева от курсора } else { floatTipStyle.left = x - w + "px"; } // Положение от верхнего края окна браузера floatTipStyle.top = y + 20 + "px"; } function toolTip(msg) { floatTipStyle = document.getElementById("floatTip").style; if (msg) { // Выводим текст подсказки document.getElementById("floatTip").innerHTML = msg; floatTipStyle.display = "block"; // Показываем слой } else { floatTipStyle.display = "none"; // Прячем слой } }

    For convenience and versatility, the script should be placed in separate file and connect it via the src attribute of the tag. The final code is shown in Example 3.34.

    Example 3.34. Creating a tooltip

    Tooltip #floatTip ( position: absolute; width: 250px; display: none; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 5px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; color: #333; background: # ECF5E4; opacity: 0.85; /* Layer transparency */ )

    " + "Lens: Canon EF 24-105 f/4L IS USM
    " + "Flash: Canon Speedlite 580 EX
    " + "Shutter speed: 1/125
    Aperture: 5.6")" onmouseout="toolTip()" />

    The result of this example is shown in Fig. 3.44. Please note that text wraps when calling the toolTip() function are made for ease of perception and have JavaScript syntax. In Safari, the script sometimes does not work when wrapping text, in which case the text should be written on one line. A CSS3 opacity property has been added to styles, which adds a slight transparency to the layer. This property is not supported in IE prior to version 9.0.

    Rice. 3.44. Tooltip rendered using JavaScript

    Fixed position

    The fixed position of a layer is specified by the fixed value of the position property and is similar in effect to absolute positioning. But unlike it, it binds to the point on the screen specified by the left , top , right and bottom properties and does not change its position when scrolling the web page. Another difference from absolute is that when a fixed layer goes beyond the visible area to the right or below it, no scroll bars appear.

    This type of positioning is used to create menus, tabs, headers, in general, any elements that should be fixed on the page and always visible to the visitor. Example 3.35 shows adding a footer that remains in one place regardless of the amount of information on the site.

    Example 3.35. Fixed Basement

    XHTML 1.0 CSS 2.1 IE Cr Op Sa Fx

    Fixed footer BODY ( margin-bottom: 50px; ) #footer ( position: fixed; /* Fixed position */ left: 0; bottom: 0; /* Bottom left corner */ padding: 10px; /* Margins around text */ background: #39b54a; /* Background color */ color: #fff; /* Text color */ width: 100%; /* Layer width */ ) All lion catching methods listed on the site are theoretical and based on computational methods. The author does not guarantee your safety when using them and declines all responsibility for the results. Remember, a lion is a predator and a dangerous animal! Vlad Merzhevich

    The result of the example is shown in Fig. 3.45. Because the fixed footer overlays and hides the text, a bottom padding has been added for the BODY selector. IE6 does not support the fixed value, so this example will not work correctly there.

    Rice. 3.45. Footer at the bottom of the page

    Relative positioning

    Setting the position property to relative sets the element's position relative to its original position. Adding the left , top , right , and bottom properties changes the position of the element and moves it to one side or another from its original location. A positive left value specifies a shift to the right from the left border of the element, a negative value specifies a shift to the left. A positive value of top specifies a downward shift of the element (Fig. 3.46), a negative value specifies an upward shift.

    Rice. 3.46. Left and top property values ​​for relative positioning

    The bottom and right properties have the opposite effect. With a positive value, right shifts the element to the left of its right edge, with a negative value, it shifts it to the right (Fig. 3.47). A positive bottom value moves the element up, a negative bottom value moves it down.

    Rice. 3.47. Right and bottom property values ​​for relative positioning

    Relative positioning is characterized by the following features.

    • This type of positioning does not apply to table elements such as cells, rows, columns, etc.
    • When an element is displaced relative to starting position, the space occupied by the element remains empty and is not filled by the elements below or above it.

    Example 3.36 shows heading text moving down to give it a different style of writing.

    Example 3.36. Text title

    XHTML 1.0 CSS 2.1 IE Cr Op Sa Fx

    Heading H1 ( font: bold 2em Arial, Tahome, sans-serif; /* Font options */ color: #fff; background: #375D4C; padding: 0 10px; ) H1 SPAN ( position: relative; /* Relative positioning */ top: 0.3em; /* Move down */ ) Az and beeches of font science

    A font is a means of expressing design, not some kind of banal reading.

    The result of this example is shown in Fig. 3.48.

    Rice. 3.48. Shift text relative to its original position

    Nested layers

    Typically, relative positioning itself is not used often, since there are a number of properties that actually perform the same role, for example, the same margin . But the combination different types Positioning for nested layers is one of the convenient and practical layout techniques. If you set relative for the parent element and absolute for the child, then the coordinate system and position will change child element in this case, it is indicated relative to its parent (Fig. 3.49).

    Rice. 3.49. Left, right, top, and bottom property values ​​in nested layers

    Coordinates are counted from the inner edge of the border; field values ​​are not taken into account. The following example places text in the lower right corner of the layer near the border, ignoring the padding property.

    Text