RJ45 color pinout and twisted pair crimping rules. Twisted pair: crimping methods, connection diagram

I decided to drop the cable from the router to the computer. I bought cable channels three years ago, but I just got around to them :). I don’t remember the last time I crimped an RJ-45, I remembered it, I thought a lot. I'm sharing.

What do we need?

Select a cable and lay it

Measure from point A to B how much cable you need. Immediately figure out how it will go in the cable channel or be attached to the walls. Perhaps you are going to hide it under the baseboard. Before laying it is advisable to ring the cable :).

Before the “crimping” operation, the cable must already be laid, leaving an adequate margin at the ends. For example, it would be desirable that a computer with a connected cable could be pulled out of a niche, unfolded, and perform some kind of maintenance on the system unit without having to disconnect the wires.

Cables for laying the network are used with 2 and 4 twisted pairs of wires. Any of them will suit you, but 4-wire (with only 2 pairs) will allow you to connect only at speeds of up to 100 Mbit. Such a cable is cheaper, easier to crimp, and often higher speed is not required.

Please note that each pair of cores is marked with its own color. For example, an orange wire is intertwined with a white-orange one. Each pair is absolutely no different from the other, except for the color of the insulation. Wire connection and crimping diagrams always specify the colors of the wires, but in fact, if you swap two pairs, everything will work exactly the same.

RJ-45 connectors

Through the transparent body of the connector, 8 gold-plated contacts are visible. The numbering of contacts from 1 to 8 is shown in the picture.

For crimping we only need a pair of these connectors. But it never hurts to take a few in reserve. :)

Crimping pliers

The figure shows three typical operations that crimping pliers can perform.

Stripping the overall cable insulation. The knives (1) do not close completely, and the wire can be rested against a special strip. The bar will allow you to measure the optimal cable length (about 1.5 cm). When removing the insulation, the end of the cable can be turned, then the knives will cut off the protective layer in a circle.

Crimping RJ-45 connector. Pincers (2) are used at the very end, when the conductors are passed into the desired tubules. The serrated edge presses the contact blades into the conductors, and a special protrusion snaps the RJ-45 wire retainer into place.

Knife. The 3rd type crimping element is usually used for straightening conductors and cutting cables. This knife completely touches the opposite edge, working like a wire cutter.

What are we connecting?

There are two types of connections, so we need to figure out what we will connect. The most common case is when we connect a computer to some kind of switching device - a router, a switch, a switch... A direct connection scheme (workstation - hub) is suitable here.

Direct connection diagram

You need to make exactly the same cable crimp on both ends according to this diagram. Choose a picture for your case - 8 or 4 wires in the cable.

The color order of the pairs is shown as an example. Instead of the orange pair, you can connect, for example, a green pair to pins 1 and 2. But both connectors must be routed equally at the ends of the wire.

Cross cable layout

The second case is connecting two hubs or two workstations. In this circuit, you need the orange and green pairs at the ends of the wire to swap places.

As a rule, Internet users most often encounter this problem. One of the common reasons for lack of access to the World Wide Web is inaccurate line switching, when cables literally lie under the computer desk and are systematically broken at the connection points.

Although it is often necessary to change its routing, thereby increasing the length. For example, when changing the position of a PC or telephone in the home. In any case, you cannot do without reinstalling (or attaching a new) RJ-45 connector. Let's figure out how and with what you can crimp a network cable with an RJ-45 connector at home.

The RJ-45 connector is often designated by the symbol “8p8c”. It is simply deciphered - this connector has 8 contacts and inserts (the so-called knives). There are several modifications of this switching element. Depending on the design features, the specifics of its application also differ. RJ-45 having 3 protrusions are considered universal. They are used for crimping both single- and multi-core cables, which is why all patch cords are made with their help. The connector diagram is shown in the figure.

Necessary tool

In fact, you only need a special device for crimping RJ-45 cables - a crimper.

It is inexpensive (between 638 and 689 rubles), and in order not to constantly call a specialist, it is advisable to purchase it, although the crimper does not belong to the class of household tools. In any home there are many connection points for lines (telephone, computer) that are organized using RJ-45, and this device will definitely be needed again, and more than once.

Sharply sharpened cutting tool. As a rule, a scalpel is used to prepare the cable for crimping. They are much more convenient to work with than a knife. And the cutting of the conductor is more accurate.

Before you begin the crimping process, you should make sure that the RJ-45 is suitable for the type of cable you have. Although it’s worth thinking about this when choosing a connector in the store.

Network cable crimping technology

Twisted pair (network cable) is sold in coils. Therefore, it is necessary to lay the cable around the room according to the selected (drawn up) diagram and cut it to length, taking into account a small margin.

A layer of external insulation is removed (2.5 ± 0.5 cm) at the end of the cable that is supposed to be crimped. Either with a scalpel, or with a miniature knife (available on the crimper itself). It is necessary to carry out the work so that the coating of the cores themselves is not damaged. That is why those who do not have sufficient experience in this area are recommended to cut the twisted pair, leaving some margin in length. The explanation is simple - it is not a fact that you will be able to perform this operation accurately the first time.

The veins unwind and straighten. If their tips are not aligned, they can be bitten off (with side cutters, about a millimeter and a half). Otherwise, it will not be possible to position them correctly in the RJ-45. The standard by which the connection to the network is made is also taken into account.

Direct crimping. There are two methods - straight and cross (oblique). The first method is implemented by connecting the PC to the Internet line. The second is when creating a local network, that is, when connecting two computers.

Feature of the operation

• When laying conductors in RJ-45, the wires should not cross, and even more so, should not be placed in pairs in 1 connector socket - only one at a time. This is typical for their tips, which can become twisted as they are pressed into the connector body.
• Before you begin crimping, it is recommended to check the wire layout again. That is, carry out a control inspection, since it will be impossible to change anything later.
• Installing a crimper at the cable crimp site. Then simply squeeze the handles of the tool. The main thing is not to overdo it.

Checking the line's functionality. In practice, this is done by connecting a cable to a PC. The result will be clear immediately.

If a patch cord is made (with rj-45 at both ends of a piece of cable), then, in the absence of a special test device, you will have to. To do this, its probes should be sharpened so that they can ensure tight contact with the miniature lamellas of the connector. Next - dialing for each conductor. If everything is in order, you can connect both PCs to each other.

In principle, there is nothing complicated about crimping cables. If you have a crimper, then installing one RJ-45 takes just a few minutes.

The RJ 45 (Registered Jack) connector, the most commonly used connector in the world used in any local area network, was developed in 1975 by Bell Labs to simplify the connection of network equipment.

Today we will look at various schemes for crimping the RG 45 patch cord by color onto a 4- or 8-core network cable, and we will tell you what types of connectors there are.

Content

In essence, RJ 45 is a plastic cap in which 8 identical channels are made, separated by partitions. Above each of the channels there are so-called knives; they look like two sharp spikes; when crimping the cable, the crimping mechanism of the pliers presses forcefully on the connector knives, which in turn cut and fix the cable cores.

Types of connectors

Standard connector. A regular plastic connector is available for two types of cable: round and flat. As a rule, such a connector is intended for indoor use, since there is no protective rubber or vinyl cap, which means moisture ingress.

The same plastic connector, but on the base of which a rubber, vinyl or plastic cover is placed. For additional protection and convenience of corralling the connector cores, you can use a special seal.

Shielded patch cord. This connector is used to crimp a shielded FTP cable, which additionally protects against various interference and interference. For a UTP cable, such a connector is not necessary at all.

RJ 45 crimping diagram for 4 and 8 core cables

Many people are interested in the question - What is better than a 4- or 8-core twisted pair cable? Compressing two pairs of twisted (4 cores) pairs under the connector gives a network throughput of 100 Mb\s, which is sufficient for 98% of purposes and tasks. For example, an Internet provider installs either a 2-pair cable or a 4-pair cable into your apartment - there is no difference, since the network capacity that any Internet provider in Russia creates does not exceed 100 Mb\s.

A 4-pair cable is designed to work in gigabit networks, provided that all components on the network have a network card with such support, which is quite expensive. Example: copying a file at 100 Mb\s is 50% slower than on a 1000 Mb\s network.

Crimping 4-pair cable

Initially, there were 2 compression schemes according to the EIA/TIA standard - 568 B and EIA/TIA - 568 A. The first type was used to combine terminals or computers with a router, and the second type is also called “cross” for connecting routers to each other. Today, any router recognizes the type of connection at the software level, so the compression standard does not matter, the main thing is that the color pinouts at the two ends of the cable match.

On video: Crimping twisted pair 4 and 8 cores.

How to crimp a twisted pair RJ-45 - 8P8C (rg45, rg 45 ko45) for a network - hub - router or patch cord pinout:
Installation is carried out with a special crimp that presses the metal contacts of the connector, pointed on the reverse side, into the wire, resulting in a tight contact. Crimping Rg45 is within the capabilities of anyone. As a last resort, several connectors can be crimped with a screwdriver, with some skill; we will write about this at the very end of this instruction manual, since there are simpler options.
Crimping, pinout of RJ-45 by color - color scheme:
B O O B Z S B S Z B K K
White-Orange * Orange * White-Green * Blue * White-Blue * Green * White-Brown * Brown

Decoding	Designation of pin - contact rj45
The most common crimping sequence for a twisted pair cable is:	BO	ABOUT	BZ	WITH	BS	Z	BC	TO
Twisted pair insulation color	White-orange-yellow	Orange	White-Green	Blue	White-Blue	Green	White-Brown	Brown
Pin number of RJ45 twisted pair, from left to right, metal contacts to the top - twisted pair to itself - as shown in the photo below	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

According to the EIA/TIA-568B standard, computer, TV, receiver - hub, router, rack. We crimp the cable equally at both ends as shown in the photo below.

One end is the computer network card connector, the other is the hub-router socket. The pinout diagram for the patch cord wiring (short wire for connecting the rack) is similar.

When using the installation of a computer-network socket, select option “B” for the sockets.

Connecting two network cards (computers) directly (without a hub) computer-to-computer, crossover rj45:
Crossover cable (cross-over Crossover) for connecting two network cards (computers) directly (without a hub) computer-to-computer with speeds up to 100 megabits: The white-orange core changes to white-green, orange to green.

B Z Z B O S B S O B K K

We crimp the wire on one side as shown in the first photo, and on the other side of the wire as shown below. As a result, we will crimp a cable that can connect computers directly, without a hub router, i.e. network card to the network card of computers. Those. computer-to-computer network without a hub router on one side of the wire is the standard twisted pair crimp above and on the other end of the wire we swap the wires in the following sequence:

BZ - Z - BO -S - BS - OR - BK - K.

One twisted pair - one wire-cable for two computers: Crimping diagram for twisted pair 4 wires. Typically used when it is difficult to pull a second cable. This crimping scheme - cross-cable wiring - is suitable for a 100-Mbit connection, since when using a 100-Mbit connection, only 2 of 4 pairs are used, namely

orange-b/orange and green-b/green.

If it is impossible to lay an additional twisted pair cable or simply to save money, they often use unused ones - blue and brown pairs. In this case, as already mentioned, you can get by with one cable for two computers.

Cable crimping for gigabit network When using a gigabit connection, all 4 pairs of conductors are already used. In this case, the cable crimping at one end is done as in the first photo, and at the second it takes the form:

BZ Z BO K BK O BS S

After any crimping, it is advisable to ring the contact with a tester (a special device that sequentially checks all wire lines), and in its absence, if clearly necessary, with a multimeter.

Now let's return to the hopeless situation when we can't get the crimp. What needs to be done is to restore the network here and now. That is, compress rg45 with a screwdriver in case of typos (rg45? Ko-45, k45, k45). So, we take some connectors in reserve, and, as always, a twisted pair pair with a spare length. Then, carefully, using small wire cutters and/or side cutters and/or just a sharp knife, without allowing any strong flattening, we cut off the wire evenly. Then, with a reserve, we sand the top braid of the twisted pair. Then we unravel and smooth it into a row according to the diagram given above for the colors of the wiring. If you have sanded the wire too much or the ends of the cut are flattened, simply, for example, trim them evenly on a wooden board with a sharp knife. Then insert it as shown in the picture.

So that the metal core would be clearly visible and rest against the very end of the connector and be visible from the side - if you look at the picture, then from the top side. Then, using a small, sharp enough screwdriver, we carefully press in the metal contacts of the connector so that from the side - in the figure above we clearly saw that each connector has pierced the wire braid, the only point is, of course, not to overdo it, since a strongly deformed contact pad in the connector is also not good.

Next, using a wide screwdriver, press firmly on the transverse plastic (the hole across the contacts on the connector) so that it bends transversely to the wires to the bottom and strongly pinches them. If the wire is temporary or does not move often, then this plastic does not need to be pressed. It simply additionally secures the wiring in the connector.

Next, we will test if possible..

Of course, crimping with a screwdriver is not good in every sense, both in terms of efficiency and time, and even more so in terms of the quality of the result. Although in general this is a completely workable option (tested personally more than once) and a fairly simple option to implement. But it’s even easier to just ask a friend who works in the computer industry to crimp 4-6 short ends of a twisted pair and then simply bring them home and solder them according to the colors - extend the twisted pair.

Of course, not every twisted pair is soldered more or less normally. But acetylene acid and/or normal soldering acid and/or normal rosin make the impossible possible. Solder accordingly has virtually no effect on speed and stability under normal standard operating conditions.

Modern crimpers are a fairly universal device, in particular, the instructions for the crimping tool shown in the photo above say: For cuts, strips and crimps 8P8C/RJ-45, 6P6C/RJ-12, 6P4C/RJ-11 in one tool. In general, 3 in 1 - trimming, unlacing and pressing - crimping.

TIA/EIA-568-B (AT&T 258A) is a set of three telecommunications standards released by the Telecommunications Industry Association in 2001, which replaced the outdated TIA/EIA-568-A standard. These standards describe the construction of telecommunications structured cabling systems in buildings.

These standards are best known by the two tables T568A and T568B (most commonly used in Russia -B), which describe the connection of twisted pair cable conductors to the pins of 8P8C connectors (often erroneously called RJ-45) when organizing an Ethernet network.

Pin / Ethernet / TIA/EIA-568-B (AT&T 258A)
1) / Transmit + / White with Orange stripe
2) / Transmit + / Orange
3) / Receive + / White with Green stripe
4)
5)
6) / Receive - / Green
7)
8)

8P8C (8 Position 8 Contact), often due to the prevalence of the above wiring, called RJ45 or RJ-45 - a unified connector used in telecommunications, has 8 contacts and a latch.

RJ - registered jack- any connector used for connections, RJ is slang for a modular socket. The abbreviation RJ is used to identify cabling. Each connector type can be used for different wiring configurations. For example, 6-pin connectors are configured, as necessary, for both single-pair RJ11C and double-pair RJ14C wiring.

Used to create a LAN using 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T and 1000BASE-TX technologies using 4-pair twisted pair cables. It is used in many other areas and to build other networks.

The telephone unified RJ-11 connector is smaller in size and can be inserted into 8P8C jacks (for backward compatibility).

Cable types:

Depending on the presence of protection - an electrically grounded copper braid or aluminum foil around the twisted pairs, the types of this technology are determined:
* Unprotected twisted pair ( UTP- Unshielded twisted pair) - there is no protective shield around an individual pair, most often this is UTP category 5 and higher;
* Foil twisted pair ( FTP- Foiled twisted pair) - also known as F/UTP (see: en:Screened fully-shielded twisted pair#Screened Shielded Twisted Pair (S/STP)), there is one common external screen in the form of foil;
* Protected twisted pair ( STP- Shielded twisted pair) - there is protection in the form of a screen for each pair and a common external screen in the form of a mesh;
* Foilshielded twisted pair ( S/FTP- Screened Foiled twisted pair) - an external screen made of copper braid and each pair in a foil braid;
* Unprotected shielded twisted pair ( SF/UTP- Screened Foiled Unshielded twisted pair) - a double external screen made of copper braid and foil, each twisted pair without protection.

Shielding provides better protection from electromagnetic interference, both external and internal, etc. The entire length of the screen is connected to a non-insulated drain wire, which unites the screen in case of division into sections due to excessive bending or stretching of the cable.

Depending on the structure of the conductors, the cable is used single-core or multi-core. In the first case, each wire consists of one copper core, and in the second - of several.

A single-core cable does not require direct contact with connected peripherals. That is, as a rule, it is used for installation in boxes, walls, etc., followed by termination with sockets. This is due to the fact that copper strands are quite thick and with frequent bending they quickly break. However, for “cutting into” the connectors of socket panels, such conductors are ideally suited.

In turn, a multi-core cable does not tolerate cutting into the connectors of socket panels (thin wires are cut), but behaves well when bent and twisted. In addition, stranded wire has high signal attenuation. Therefore, multi-core cable is used mainly for the manufacture of patchcords connecting peripherals to sockets.

Using http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pair

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A network cable or twisted pair is a special wire that consists of four pairs of copper wires twisted together. This number of cores and the design itself help reduce the influence of all kinds of interference. Crimping a network cable is necessary to attach special connectors (connectors) to it for connecting to a computer. With its help, they create a local network and connect devices with each other.

When crimping, 8P8C connectors with 8 pins are most often used. Most often they are called RJ45. Crimping the cable itself is not difficult, but you need to choose the connector carefully - some of them are used only by professionals. There are two types:

• Unshielded, which are used for UTP wires;
• Shielded - for STP or FTP.

There are also connectors with an insert, but they are intended only for soft stranded wires. If the wire is hard, then using them will be extremely inconvenient.

Inside the connector there are eight recesses designed for wires. Above them are metal contacts. The cord cores must be placed in these recesses, and when the connector is closed, they will connect to the contacts. You need to place the connector with the latch facing you, with the contacts facing up, so that the numbering is correct. In this position, the first recess will be on the right, the eighth on the left. It is recommended to start installation from the first contact.

There are two main distribution schemes: EIA/TIA-568A and EIA/TIA-568B. The veins are arranged differently in them. There are only four pairs of them in the power cord, less often - two. For such wires the circuit will be different.

Crimping options

There are several crimping schemes for twisted pair RJ 45: crossover and straight. Difference in purpose of use:

• Direct is used when the cable will be used to connect network equipment (with a computer or between each other) and connect client equipment. This method is used most often.
• A crossover is used to connect computers with each other. No other equipment should be used. Less commonly, this method is used to connect devices through up-link ports.

Either method can be used, but both ends must be crimped equally. Typically, when direct crimping, a 568V circuit is used.

Recently, cables that have only two instead of four twisted pairs are gaining popularity. With their help you can connect only two devices. If local traffic is high, this method is not advisable, because the data transfer speed will decrease from 1 Gbit/s to 100 Mbit/s.

Either orange and green or blue and brown are used. The contacts are connected in the same way as in the case of using all 8 wires.

To make a crossover cable, one end of the cord is crimped according to the 568 V circuit, the other - according to 568 A. All wires must be used. This method gives a relatively low speed.

To ensure higher speed, a special scheme is used: one end of the cable is crimped according to the 568V color scheme, and the network cable pinout is at the other end should be like this:

1. white with green;
2. green;
3. white with orange;
4. white with brown;
5. brown;
6. orange;
7. blue;
8. white with blue.

To create a network of two or more computers without using other equipment (switches, routers, etc.), a different twisted pair pinout is used.

The 8-wire color scheme allows you to connect two devices by simply inserting a cable into their network ports. Different ends are crimped according to different patterns.

Necessary tool

To crimp RJ-45 twisted pair cables, you need a special tool, it is called crimping pliers. Its other name, which is used by experts, is crimper.

There are two types of crimpers: lever and press. Lever ones (on the left in the picture) are cheaper, but they are more difficult to work with: you need to make physical efforts, but the compression still turns out to be uneven. The design of the latter implies the presence of a comb that moves perpendicular to the connector, installing contacts into it.

To crimp a cable, you must first separate and strip the twisted pairs, insert them into the recesses on the RJ-45 and the entire structure into the groove on the crimper. After this, bring his arms all the way down. Then you need to press the connector latch against the body and remove it from the pliers.

There is a method that allows you to crimp a cable without a crimper. To do this, you will need a vice (or other device that will allow you to fix the RJ-45 plug), a screwdriver, and a hammer. You must first insert the wires into the contact, then secure it with a vice at the side parts. Then use the tip of a screwdriver and a hammer to carefully deepen the lamellas, snap the cable clamp - and you're done.

In this method it is important, so that the tip tip is no more than 55 mm, otherwise it will crush the insulating sides, because the lamellas in the connectors are 56 mm thick. If this happens, you need to cut off the hanging edges with a sharp knife, otherwise the socket contacts will cling to the edges and there will be no contact.

Use of used connectors

If you need to crimp the cable urgently, but you don’t have a new connector at hand, you can use the old one. To do this, you need to clamp the connector clamp with a vice and carefully pry off the lamellas with an awl, pulling them out 1 mm. Then use a knife to cut the latch on the cable side, remove it and the old twisted pairs. In this case, the cable clamp is removed, and in order to secure a new one, you need to drop silicone or sealant into the resulting space.

After removing the old power cord, crimping occurs in the same way as if the connectors were new. If it is necessary to repair damage to the cord, or to lengthen it, you can use twisting or soldering instead of crimping a new cable. Spike is much more reliable.