Who are alpha and beta? Omega - a symbol in magic
Make a conclusion about the risks and returns of a mutual fund or private trading strategy on stock market possible using coefficients created for the analysis of investment funds. In fact, the advent of alpha and beta coefficients was one of the first attempts to systematize the trading performance of various companies.
The authorship of the alpha parameter that evaluates profitability belongs to Michael Jensen, and the invention of the coefficient dates back to 1968. Jensen set out to determine whether investment fund managers could systematically outperform the stock market through personal expertise and its components - quality management, skill and intuition. But in order to understand the essence of the alpha coefficient, first let’s talk a little about its accompanying beta coefficient.
In general, trade can be assessed different coefficients- for example, the Sharpe ratio, which I wrote about. But unlike it, alpha and beta are not used in the foreign exchange market, assessing the effectiveness of securities management. In other words, trading and funds are usually assessed by these coefficients.
What is beta?
Beta coefficient is an indicator of the degree of risk of an asset (stock, fund unit or investment portfolio) in relation to the market. It indicates the ratio of rise/fall of its price relative to the entire securities market. Those. if the asset is a mutual fund trading first-tier shares, then it is clear that its changes must be compared with first-tier securities, i.e. with the MICEX index. Bond mutual funds need to be compared with a bond index, etc. The relationship () of the compared quantities is assessed by the coefficient of determination R2 - it is sometimes believed that for the correct calculation of beta it must be at least 75%.
But what is beta for an entire market? In fact, this is the average aggregate of the returns of all major shares of the market, taken as one. Those. if over a certain period of time the market gave 15% per annum, then this is our comparison standard with β = 1. Over another period of time, the value may be different, so it is important to compare the fund with the market at the same time. The formula for calculating the beta coefficient of an individual stock or a share of a management company compared to the market:
Where k i– return on shares/chartering company in i-th period (usually a month);
— expected (average) return on shares/MC for the entire period (usually three years);
p i– market profitability in i-th period;
— expected (average) market return;
n– number of observations (usually 35).
Beta coefficients of companies are calculated by many analytical agencies - Barra, Bloomberg, Merrill Lynch, Value Line, etc. If Bloomberg evaluates the indicator based on a 2-year observation period, then Barra and Value Line use monthly data on the returns of funds and the market over the past 5 years. The link to calculating beta was given in my article.
Interpreting Beta Results
In total, the formula allows for both positive and negative coefficient results. If β > 0, then this means that the market and the asset compared to it are changing in the same direction. This is a normal situation. If beta is negative, it means that if the market falls, you should expect the asset to grow - and vice versa.
At the same time, the beta value itself characterizes the “sensitivity” of the asset to the market. How larger number, the more sensitive the asset’s reaction to market behavior. For example, the results of calculating some mutual fund gave us β = 1.7. This means that if the market grows by 10%, we can expect the mutual fund share to grow by 10% × 1.7 = 17%. Likewise, a 10% drop implies a 17% loss. The same growth will occur at β = 1, whereas at β = 0.5, a market growth of 10% will cause the share to grow by only 5%. Falling returns lead to lower risk, so funds with 0< β < 1 можно считать менее рисковыми, чем рынок. И наоборот, фонд с β = 1.7 является весьма рисковым.
What is Smart Beta?
Passive investing is built around capitalization-weighted index funds. This means that the larger capitalization a company has, the greater weight it occupies in the index. The market capitalization of a company is quite easy to calculate, knowing the number of company shares and their market price - multiplication will give the desired result.
It is clear that such an index has a shift towards reliability - large companies have less potential for growth, although they show greater stability during a crisis. Therefore, the idea of smart beta (smart beta, smart beta), without departing from the principles passive investing, is trying to create indices based on other parameters - for example, high dividend or low volatility funds. The latter type of funds concentrate on sustainable industries - public utilities, telecommunications and consumer products. They are considered to be more crisis-resistant than others. Examples of specific funds: PowerShares S&P 500 Low Volatility Portfolio (SPLV), Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF (VIG), etc.
IN Lately The popularity of smart beta among investors has increased significantly. A year ago, the capitalization of smart beta ETFs was $16.15 billion, and almost all new ETFs today are based on this strategy in one way or another, trying to squeeze out competitors.
As you know, the market price of an asset is influenced by two factors - business performance and speculative interest. The higher returns of some smart beta funds are driven more by investor interest in the sector than by truly any fundamental advantage. As a result, funds have become quite expensive and their risk has increased. It is known that the Dividend Aristocrats Index has significantly outperformed the S&P500 over the past 20 years - but this does not mean that it will continue to do so. The foundation may well make sense as a source passive income, but not as a universal option better than the standard index.
In summary, smart beta funds can be investment options - but it is worth understanding that they do not provide best ratio reliability and risk compared to classic index funds. In addition, smart beta funds usually charge higher commissions, which eventually affects investor returns. First of all, the investor should be smart, not the ratio.
Alpha coefficient
Having dealt with beta, we can talk about alpha coefficient. If beta, as we saw above, is a measure of risk, then alpha shows the “art of managing” assets, i.e. the ability to buy and sell the desired asset in right time. The debate between supporters of active and passive investing is ongoing - I’ll try to present my version. But first, about the formula for calculating alpha - it is tied to the beta discussed above:
The risk-free rate in Russia (indicated R0 in the chart below) is usually taken to be equal to either the yield on federal loan bonds or a deposit in Sberbank. Rp is the average return of our managed fund (often over 3 years). In index funds (where there is no management as such, just rebalancing), alpha is usually close to zero, but can be negative due to increased company fees. A positive alpha indicates that the company managed to beat the market return - but not necessarily absolute, but extrapolated relatively directly:
If the return Ra lies on the red line, then alpha is zero. If higher, alpha is positive, lower, alpha is negative. The picture shows a company with an estimated coefficient βa and a positive alpha that beat the market - but as we see, the absolute return of the market is higher (Rm > Ra). The situation looks close to impossible when Ra turns out to be greater than Rm with β noticeably less than 1. This means that the fund managed to beat the market in absolute value, while maintaining risks at a noticeably lower level than the latter.
Where can I view alpha and beta coefficients?
There are hundreds of managed mutual funds in Russia, and tens of thousands of mutual funds in the world. It is clear that calculating their coefficients yourself is, to put it mildly, expensive. But there is good useful resources with coefficient values - for mutual funds they can be found at the link: http://pif.investfunds.ru/analitics/coefficients/.
On this moment on page one, only 2 out of 30 funds have positive alpha less than one. But negative alphas reach noticeable values. Maximum value alpha at the time of the article was 1.78, with only eight of 306 companies exceeding 1. The maximum beta is 1.19, both coefficients are calculated over three years.
Here's a resource where you can see alpha and beta coefficients for mutual funds: http://online.wsj.com/public/quotes/mutualfund_screener.html.
Here the situation with positive alpha looks noticeably better: more than a quarter of all funds available for calculation showed it. If we remember that US mutual funds will turn 100 years old in 2024, and Russian mutual funds have just celebrated their coming of age, then this situation should not be surprising. However, setting moderate risk in the form of beta from 0.75 to 1.5, the number of options is reduced by approximately half (1095 funds).
conclusions
Any odds are based on historical data and do not predict the future. Smart beta raises questions. Based on a positive alpha, we can only say that the company was previously well managed and nothing more. Quite long periods of calculation of coefficients lead to the fact that good indicators slowly fall, and bad indicators slowly increase - a lag effect occurs (although, again, it is impossible to predict how long it will last). In addition, individual managers can always leave the company - this arises human factor. For me, the determining factor is the number of funds (especially Russian ones) that are losing to the market - their probability of beating passive index investing, based on the results of the analysis, seems very small.
I think not everyone understands exactly what the prefixes mean when some software is released. And they talk about the stage of development of the program, that is, from these very words you can determine at what stage of creation it is.
The stages go one after another, in order: Pre-Alpha, Alpha, Beta, RC, Final, but it is not necessary that the product passes all of them - some may not. And now, in more detail, what each of these consoles can tell you about.
Final (Stable, Release, Release, RTM, Release to manufacturing)
As the name suggests, this is a stable finished version, which has passed the previous stages. It is assumed that it should no longer contain errors, although this is not always the case.
Despite the fact that, for example, the alpha version of the program is intended for developers or community members, and the beta version may be full of errors, among ordinary users there are always people willing to try New Product. Some are driven by the desire to make their contribution to the development of this software, some are a fan of the program and simply cannot help but try it one of the first, while others are curious about what will be in the newly created software. For whatever reasons you become an alpha or beta tester, do not forget that there is a high probability of failure and be sure to do backup data.
Incredible facts
In the animal kingdom, an aggressive alpha male lures all the females in order to produce offspring, while other males often get nothing.
For people, in this sense, everything is a little more complicated.
IN modern world a woman is not always looking for an alpha male, and her prince on a white horse may well appear in the form of a gamma man who is ready to take on a second role or become an exemplary father in her castle.
Even the strongest alpha males must develop beta qualities, such as sensitivity and emotionality.
Do you think women and men are really from different planets?
Not necessarily, if we consider classification based on the Greek alphabet, we have much more in common with members of the opposite sex of one personality type than with other personality types of our gender.
However, men and women of the same category often compete in relationships because they are too similar.
At the same time, opposing personality types may experience strong attraction to each other, but as soon as the honeymoon ends, conflicts begin due to irreconcilable differences.
There are 6 main personality types: alpha, beta, gamma, omega, delta and sigma. What type of personality are YOU?
At the end, you can take a test that will help you determine your personality type.
Determination of personality type
TYPE ALPHA
Alpha male
Alpha man is considered the most desirable man. This is a leader, a bad guy, a macho, confident, aggressive, demanding man who can be difficult to work with, despite the fact that he has charisma both in his personal life and in his professional field.
When such a man speaks, others are silent, and he is always the center of attention.
He loves parties and gatherings of friends and always wants to be the star of the company. The Alpha does not like to be alone and often feels low energy when left alone. He values his freedom and is not ready to exchange it for anything.
He is generally attractive, but not necessarily handsome, and has his own preferences in women. Although he enjoys being seduced, he prefers to pursue the woman himself. He does not hesitate, but immediately approaches the chosen one, without giving her time to refuse.
Women immediately fall in love with him and fall in love with him deeply.
His relationships before marriage, as a rule, are short-term, and a woman should not expect comfort and support from a typical alpha male. Women who live with other types of men often cheat and have affairs with alpha males.
Alpha woman
The Alpha Woman is an action heroine often portrayed by Angelina Jolie. This is a confident woman who, at first glance, does not need men.
She is the queen and the most attractive woman in your group. She copes well with any difficult situation, and knows his worth.
She dominates other women and can be domineering, aggressive and sarcastic when holding a high position or position.
Other women look at her with delight and try to imitate her. Alpha always thinks with his own head, without listening to others.
Alpha women are sexy, even if they are not very beautiful, and are not embarrassed in the presence of men.
They may lack sensitivity and empathy towards others. Although the alpha is very emotional inside, she never shows her weakness. She is a real beast at work, and always achieves her goals, and in love she is not afraid to take the first step if a man interests her.
She always says what she thinks. Alpha women tend to get what they want, and even alpha men rarely reject them.
We must remember that alpha women are born, and this is difficult to learn. If you have discovered these traits in yourself, you can only be congratulated.
TYPE BETA
Beta male
Beta male reserved, responsible and careful. This is a good guy, not very noticeable, but quite attractive. Most modern men are precisely the beta type.
They are more sensitive, less aggressive, and better at reading people than alphas.
They easily become nervous or embarrassed, and play second fiddle to their alpha friend. If you see a quiet guy who sometimes smiles while others tell stories and jokes, then you have a beta male. Beta become good friends, they are considerate of others and a bit idealistic.
He is often afraid to say something wrong in the presence of women, so as not to embarrass himself. With men, they also do not reveal their feelings, as they may make fun of him. Beta men are least intimidated by stronger and smart women than them.
Beta is reliable at work, even when not in the spotlight. The boss may not recognize his potential, and therefore he often does not receive the promotion and salary he deserves.
In romantic relationships, he is faithful, and women deliberately choose beta men because they make better husbands than alpha men.
He is more down to earth than an alpha man, and it is much easier to build a stable relationship with him.
Beta woman
A beta woman is a good sister to an alpha woman. She does what others don't want to do and always gets less attention than the alpha.
They become wonderful and reliable friends and good listeners. They are always ready to be close to their loved one.
These are slightly imperfect girls, the prototype of which is the heroine Bridget Jones. Beta women can be passive-aggressive and always go with the flow. They do not want to openly confront someone because they strive for peace and tranquility.
They are caring and often do not consider themselves attractive. In relationships, they are afraid to take the first step, and wait for the man to pursue them.
If this doesn't happen, they get nervous about competing with other women and often end up alone or choose a backup plan so they don't have to be alone.
At work, they are always ready to do more and, if necessary, sacrifice their time.
Overall, they have a very pleasant and friendly personality.
Human personality types
TYPE GAMMA
Gamma man
This is the type of introverted man who wants his voice to be heard. He's smart, but he doesn't look like an alpha or beta man.
He is trying to achieve his goals, but is not ready to put in more effort to finish what he started, even though he knows he can earn the respect he craves.
This is the type of man who want to become successful, but who just can’t achieve it. In business, he can act on the sly and wants to get results without much effort.
Gamma will always agree with the boss, but will never say what he actually thinks.
Relationships with such men can be difficult because they often become obsessed with a certain woman. He can follow the object of his passion if a woman refuses him or avoids his company.
Gamma prefers to be alone and does not care about the opinions of others. His relationships often fall apart due to his obsession. He usually falls deeply in love and is ready to trust a woman no matter what, not realizing when he is being taken advantage of.
Gamma woman
The Gamma woman wants to be conquered. But only a strong enough man can persuade her to marry and start a family. A gamma woman is the exact opposite of an alpha woman, which comes across in her clothing, lifestyle, partner and work.
She is always ready to cooperate and can help if necessary. She is someone who feels great when she has all the information that will help her achieve her work goals.
She tries to lead healthy image life and feels comfortable in his own skin. She doesn't need a man to feel complete. Environment and nature have for her great importance, and she always takes care of her home.
Gamma pays attention to faith and spiritual practices, and always trying to find inner balance. She is goal-oriented, but ready to share her knowledge with those who deserve it. She does not see difficulties in business, but believes that it takes a little more time to achieve what she wants.
In a romantic relationship, she will never be with someone with whom she does not have a connection. She will not settle for a man who does not deserve her. In the end, she gets what she wants because she makes long-term plans in life and uses different tactics to achieve success.
TYPE OMEGA
Omega male
An Omega man often combines the positive qualities of an Alpha and a Beta. He prefers to lead in relationships and in love often sets boundaries that are never violated.
These men are not easy to fool, but he can give a woman what she needs for a happy relationship.
He gives a woman a feeling of security and comfort, but demands the same from her. This is the type of man who most often attracts omega women.
Omega does not like to work in a team, preferring to do everything alone.
When he succeeds at something, he is filled with pride and shares his joy with his colleagues, showing them his mental abilities. When things don't go the way he wanted, he tends to blame others for the troubles.
In business, he considers himself the smartest, believing that without him the whole system will fall apart. In a romantic relationship, it can be difficult. He has his own concept of love, and he wants his desires and needs to always be satisfied.
He is difficult to please, which is why not many women want to date him. Often he is left alone because he does not know how to listen to his partner.
Omega Woman
Such a woman unsociable and spends most of her time alone.
She is very smart and is not afraid to show it to others. Like the omega man, she does not like parties and prefers to stay at home, giving birth to new brilliant ideas.
The problem with omega women is that they are often underestimated, although they have many good qualities.
When things don't go the way they imagined, they may become completely distraught or suffer a nervous breakdown.
Omega always emphasizes his individuality and tries not to care about other people's opinions.
In love, an omega wants everything or nothing. She wants to experience love like in the books and is not ready to enter into a relationship if it is something unreal. No matter how much she loves a man, she will always put herself first because she knows that if she is not happy, she will not be able to give this to others.
It's always worth remembering that no matter how tough she tries to seem, inside she remains a little girl trying to survive in a world full of wolves.
Personality and character types
TYPE DELTA
Delta Male
A Delta-man is an ordinary guy who wants to become successful and wants to find someone who will understand him. He doesn't have the same confidence as an alpha man, but he's close to that type.
He is not afraid to say what he thinks, regardless of whether there are women around. He loves to be admired and is proud when someone says he can entertain. He likes beautiful women and expensive cars, knows his worth and always strives for something.
He does not know how to attract the most beautiful women, and chooses the second or third option. He considers women to be mysterious creatures and may be afraid of some of them.
On the Internet we often come across programs with prefixes like “alpha”, “beta” and others. Let's look at what they mean. The development of any program takes place in several stages. The result of such work at each stage is some version of the software. Gradually the program is being brought to stable state, when all found errors are corrected and it is ready for use.
Pre-Alpha
This prefix is assigned to those versions of programs that have not yet entered the alpha or beta stage. However, pre-alpha programs have already passed the development stage and are being made available to users for evaluation. functionality. Pre-alpha may not contain all the features of later versions of the program. Since this is a “raw” version of the product, it is inevitable that there will be a bunch of bugs, errors and other shortcomings in the program.
Alpha
The prefix “alpha” is assigned to programs that are tested within the development company. Alpha testing carried out mainly by specialist testers. It is also not recommended to use alpha versions, as they still contain many bugs and most likely incomplete functionality. You should install alpha versions only to familiarize yourself with the future capabilities of the programs.
Beta
Beta versions of programs are almost ready-made products developed primarily for testing. end users. They are often distributed free of charge in order to attract as many users as possible, and perhaps potential buyers future paid version programs. Also, thanks to its free distribution and the possibility of using it, developers have the opportunity to receive ratings and feedback from users. Beta versions of programs also have errors and crashes are possible, so the user still bears full responsibility for all damage that may be caused by using betas. Many developers deliberately delay the beta testing stage to avoid such risks.
Release candidate (RC from English release candidate)
After alpha and beta testing everything possible mistakes have already been eliminated and the program is practically stable. However, there is still a possibility that bugs will be discovered, so developers release programs in this particular version - RC. In many cases, several versions of RC may be released - 1, 2, etc.
Release (RTM /release to manufacturing/, Final, Stable)
This is the final version of the program, ready for use. Almost all errors have been fixed in it, it has full functionality, its operation is stable and has been tested by many users previously.
“I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end... who is and who was and who is to come...” (Rev. 1:8)
Symbolism surrounds people on all sides. By studying signs, a person expands his consciousness and can look at the world in a new way.
Alpha
Alpha is the symbol of birth in the Greek alphabet. In Syriac, Cretan and Sinai the letter was inverted and looked like a horned bull's head in the shape of a triangle. In various Aramaic, Palestinian and Attic variants it bends to the side and eventually comes to our “A”.
Greek alphabet
Currently, the Greek alphabet is used by Greek diasporas in the Russian Black Sea region, southern Italy and southern Albania, as well as by some Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians, Gypsies, Slavs and Muslim groups of northern Greece.
It is also widely used in science. For example, in chemistry, when designating organic compounds, in physics, many constants, quantities, etc., in astronomy, angles, figures and planes, the symbol alpha is used. In mathematics, they denote, for example, the sine of an angle.
Letters of the Greek alphabet
In ancient times, all letters had a sacred meaning.
Thus, symbols and other letters of the Greek alphabet have different meaning. Let's look at some of them.
Alpha originally meant a bull and implied the care of cattle, multiplication and correct use wealth.
Beta meant a violation of unity and even had demonic properties. In some religions it is identified with a challenge to God.
The characters alpha and beta are the first letters of the Greek alphabet. There are twenty-four letters in total. The article discusses only two of them in detail.
Omega means abundance and wealth, apotheosis, successful completion of a task. In its numerical equivalent, it means “faith” and “lord.” Thus, this symbol means regardless of the type of religion.
The roundness of omega is sometimes interpreted as hell opening. Omega is a circle, alpha is a symbol representing a compass that draws this circle.
It is worth noting that compasses and circles are present in both Freemasonry and Taoism.
Why did Christ use the Greek letters of the alphabet when saying “I am Alpha and Omega...”?
The interesting thing is that in the Greek alphabet there is no letter corresponding to “B”. Only “upsilon” (Y) somewhat resembles it in sound, but does not correspond completely.
It is curious that Aramaic and greek alphabets similar. Apparently, they have a certain common proto-language. However, the letters corresponding to each other before and after this are absent in the position with “B”, that is, the Aramaic “Vav” has no counterpart in the same position. Omega stands only for last place, and in the Hebrew (Aramaic) alphabet - on the sixth. I remember that Jesus, speaking Aramaic, for some reason used “Alpha and Omega” in his speech.
The fact is that the Hellenic worldview consisted of a primary reverence for the spiritual. It is “El” (spirit) that is the main thing. Therefore, the most spiritual letter "Alpha", symbolizing the spirit, stood in first place, and the most carnal letter "Omega" may have gradually moved to the end of the alphabet in the language.
Then it becomes clear why Christ used After all, if he had spoken in Aramaic, then the first letter “Aleph” would have meant a bull, that is, what he said would have meant “I am a bull.” An association involuntarily comes with the veneration of the “golden calf”.
Alpha and Omega in banknotes
If you look closely at the designations of banknotes, it becomes clear that they represent certain symbols. What do these signs mean? After all, when inventing currency, the authors probably wanted it to flourish in the future.
Alpha and omega as a symbol are often found in many banknotes. In addition to them, you can find traces of yin and yang, the number Pi and more.
The clear alpha is sterling.
The American dollar and the Israeli shekel have yin and yang lines, and the Chinese currency has the number pi.
Perhaps a country that has its own currency symbol in the outline of Omega will have its own special role to play?
Omega - a symbol in magic
Magicians believe that magic appeared when man learned to interrupt infinity.
Space initially consists of threads and their filler, which are constantly in vibration. You can hear them, influence them, changing the sound.
Each item has its own range. When you change it for something, the item may disappear or turn into something else. But this can only be done by those who have freed their Spirit from the challenge that the Omega symbol carries.
Those who study magic with the help of symbols, signs, and sounds feel vibrations within themselves and thus have some possibility of influencing the universe.
The Omega symbol is the most difficult. It is the only one that contains the complete matrix decimal code. Other symbols are intended to destroy the power of this one.
Every person should strive to destroy it in himself or master it.
Omega consists of “O”, meaning the united Spirit and Soul, and “Mega” - challenge. That is, together the symbol denotes the challenge that the Spirit accepted. Its modern meaning may sound like the evolution of personality.
The symbol is the end of everything. Having recognized it, a person must transform the form - bring the ends together and create a ring.
It is always used in conjunction with other symbols.
Alpha - a symbol in magic
Magicians believe that the expression “I am Alpha and Omega” can be said in one word “Alpha,” since Alpha is a symbol of Omega in motion.
Finding your direction top part Omega stretches out and becomes sharper. However, the stable O symbol prevents Omega from shrinking at the bottom. The dividing line caused by internal tension gives impetus to the emergence of Alpha. Only the effort of a person's will can create it.
As long as the magician is striving for something, and his actions are subordinated to this goal, he can control Alpha, and his possibilities become limitless.
“I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last...” is the oath of magicians that they take to themselves and gain the ability to use magic, which can be used for both constructive and destructive purposes.
Magicians believe that in cases where the Alpha symbol is placed next to the Omega, then they, contradicting each other, cannot be useful and can even cause harm.
Alpha and Omega - the secret of the symbol
The famous saying of God can be deciphered with the help of Pimander, the magnum opus of the hermetic vault brought to Florence by a monk from Macedonia in the fifteenth century.
It reveals the deep secrets of mind and light.
The basis is taken from some postulates that God is light located in an environment not perceived by our ordinary consciousness, which is why it is called “Nothing” or “Outer Darkness”. It surrounds God, having neither beginning nor end. God-light, on the contrary, contains all principles and has a beginning and an end.
God-light has a border, a circle, which is filled with light and at the same time does not belong either to it or to the external Darkness. This ring contains the secret of the origin of a number with a beginning and an end, and from it Omega emerges.
God-light, making a loop in the Outer Darkness with his rings, opens the circle below. There the word of God will be born.
External darkness penetrates the loop, and two darknesses arise - internal and external. At the same time, the Inner Darkness is Divine and subject to God. Here the mystery of baptism is revealed. John cleansed people while he was in the water. So God, being in Outer Darkness, cleansed himself and baptized. The essence of the cross is that it divides and moves towards God, and any evil spirits are afraid of it, since it will disappear when cleansed.
Two rings, approaching in the Outer Darkness, transform it from boundless to ultimate, and then, touching and partially intersecting when combining the rotational and translational principles, they create a new one - rectilinear movement or the principle of trinity. In Omega it opens up in the form of a spiral.
In the material world, the Omega knot is clearly visible in black holes in the Universe. Matter is sucked into them in a spiral, forming either Internal Darkness.
Inside Omega, a moist nature is formed, where countless forms and species are born. Next, energies are formed in chaos (hell), after which equilibrium and constancy occur - the energies fluctuate steadily, leading to the generation of sound. And finally, the dead comes to life.
New living forms emerge from living sounds. Further, no more forms appear, but the remnants of darkness, uniting with the father, give birth to the Holy Spirit.
After the Divine light has filled the upper space, forming a triangle, it can only illuminate the rest of the space with rays. The figures in the sign, formed during the separation of the living from the dead - Alpha, are symbols of Divine light.
Alpha and Omega are a symbol, upon comprehension of which some basic secrets of the universe are revealed. The essence of things and the energies that created them are seen in a new way, and a person, acquiring secret knowledge, can discover new abilities in himself.