How to set the size of an html table.
It became popular, web designers mainly used the table layout method and got very good results.
Tags used to build a table in html
table- a required tag that opens and closes the table
caption- optional tag indicating the table title
th- an optional tag, the opening and closing tags of which contain the column name. Typically appears bold
tr- a required tag that opens and closes the line
td- a required tag indicating the opening and closing of a cell in a row
Example code for a simple table
| Stobets 1 | Stobets 2 |
|---|---|
| Text in first cell | Text in second cell |
The browser will display
Purpose of tables in html
The lesson on tables is very important! Thanks to tables, you can arrange not only text, but also images, links and much more. In the table you can specify background(or its color), indentation, width, border And other parameters that will give her a beautiful appearance. Table - Your first step to understanding web design! Previously, many sites were entirely laid out as tables, that is, everything that the user saw ( sidebar, Top Menu, content) - was the content of the cells of a large table.On that note, let's move directly to the attributes that make the table beautiful...
Properties and parameters of html tables: indentation, width, background color, border (frame)
U table tag has the following attributes:width- table width. can be in pixels or % of screen width.
bgcolor- background color of table cells
background- fills the table background with a pattern
border- frame and borders in the table. Thickness is indicated in pixels
cellpadding- padding in pixels between the cell contents and its internal border
As before, we write the attribute value in quotes.
| Stobets 1 | Stobets 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Stobets 1 | Stobets 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Text in the first cell of the first column | Text in the second cell of the second column | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stobets 1 | Stobets 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Text in the first cell of the first column | Text in the second cell of the second column | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stobets 1 | Stobets 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stobets 1 | Stobets 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Text in the first cell of the first column | Text in the second cell of the second column | And | . Fix the height using height properties Not recommended. Th, td (padding: 10px 15px;) 3. How to set the table backgroundDefault table background and cells are transparent. If the page or block containing the table has a background, it will show through the table. If the background is specified for both the table and cells, then in places where the background of the table and cells overlap, only the background of the cells will be visible. The background for the table as a whole and its cells can be: 4. Table columnsModel CSS tables focused mainly on lines (rows) formed using the tag | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Company | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
|---|
Rice. 2. Example of displaying a header under a table 6. How to remove space between cell frames
By default, table cell frames are separated by a small space. If you set border-collapse: collapse for the table, the gap will be removed. The property is inherited.
Syntax
Table (border-collapse: collapse;) 
Rice. 3. Example of tables with merging and separate cell frames
7. How to increase the space between cell frames
Using the border-spacing property, you can change the distance between cell frames. This property applies to the table as a whole. Inherited.
Syntax
Table (border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 10px 20px;) table (border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 10px;) 
Rice. 4. Example of tables with increased spaces between cell frames
8. How to hide empty table cells
The empty-cells property hides or shows empty cells. Only affects cells that do not contain any content. If a cell is set to a background and a table is set to table (border-collapse: collapse;) , then the cell will not be hidden. Inherited.
| Company | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | 20.3 | 30.5 | |
| 50.2 | 40.63 | 45.23 |
Rice. 5. Hiding example empty cell tables 9. Layout a table using the table-layout property
The table layout layout is determined by one of two approaches: fixed layout or automatic layout. Under the layout in in this case refers to how the width of the table is distributed among the widths of the cells. The property is not inherited.
Syntax
Table (table-layout: fixed;)
10. Best Table Layouts
1. Horizontal minimalism
Horizontal tables are tables in which the text is read horizontally. Each entity is a separate row. You can arrange similar tables in minimalist style by placing a two-pixel border under the th header. 
| Employee | Salary | Bonus | Supervisor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stephen C. Cox | $300 | $50 | Bob |
| Josephine Tan | $150 | - | Annie |
| Joyce Ming | $200 | $35 | Andy |
| James A. Pentel | $175 | $25 | Annie |
At large quantities rows, this table design makes them difficult to read. To solve this problem, you can add a one-pixel border below all td elements. 
Td ( border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; color: #669; padding: 9px 8px; transition: .3s linear; )/*the rest of the code is as in the example above*/
Adding a :hover effect to the tr element will make tables designed in a minimalist style easier to read. When you hover your mouse over a cell, the remaining cells in the same row are highlighted simultaneously, making it easier to track information if tables have multiple columns. 
Th ( font-weight: normal; color: #039; padding: 10px 15px; ) td ( color: #669; border-top: 1px solid #e8edff; padding: 10px 15px; ) tr:hover td (background: #e8edff ;)
2. Vertical minimalism
Although such tables are rarely used, vertically oriented tables are useful for categorizing or comparing descriptions of objects represented by a column. You can design them in a minimalist style by adding space to separate the columns. 
Th ( font-weight: normal; border-bottom: 2px solid #6678b1; border-right: 30px solid #fff; border-left: 30px solid #fff; color: #039; padding: 8px 2px; ) td ( border- right: 30px solid #fff; border-left: 30px solid #fff; color: #669; padding: 12px 2px )
3. Boxed style
The most reliable style for designing tables of all types is the so-called “boxed” style. It's enough to choose a good one color scheme, and then set the background color for all cells. Don't forget to emphasize the difference between lines by setting borders as a separator. 
Th ( font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; background: #b9c9fe; border-top: 4px solid #aabcfe; border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; color: #039; padding: 8px; ) td ( background : #e8edff; border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; border-top: 1px solid transparent; tr:hover td (background: #ccddff;)
The most difficult thing is to find the color scheme that will harmoniously match your website. If the site is heavy on graphics and design, then it will be quite difficult for you to use this style. 
Table ( font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", Sans-Serif; font-size: 14px; max-width: 70%; width: 70%; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse ; border-top: 7px solid #9baff1; border-bottom: 7px solid #9baff1; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; background: #e8edff; border-right: 1px solid #9baff1; border- left: 1px solid #9baff1; color: #039; padding: 8px; ) td ( background: #e8edff; border-right: 1px solid #aabcfe; border-left: 1px solid #aabcfe; color: #669; padding: 8px ; )
4. Horizontal zebra
The zebra table looks quite attractive and comfortable. Additional color The background can serve as a visual cue for people when reading the table. 
Th ( font-weight: normal; color: #039; padding: 10px 15px; ) td ( color: #669; border-top: 1px solid #e8edff; padding: 10px 15px; ) tr:nth-child(2n) ( background: #e8edff;)
5. Newspaper style
To achieve the so-called newspaper effect, you can apply borders to table elements and play with the cells inside. A light, minimalistic newspaper style might look like this: play with the color scheme, add borders, padding, different backgrounds, and effect:hover when hovering over a line. 
Table (border: 1px solid #69c;) th ( font-weight: normal; color: #039; border-bottom: 1px dashed #69c; padding: 12px 17px; ) td ( color: #669; padding: 7px 17px; ) tr:hover td (background: #ccddff;)
Table (border: 1px solid #69c;) th ( font-weight: normal; color: #039; padding: 10px; ) td ( color: #669; border-top: 1px dashed #fff; padding: 10px; background: #ccddff; ) tr:hover td (background: #99bcff;)
Table (border: 1px solid #6cf;) th ( font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; color: #039; text-transform: uppercase; border-right: 1px solid #0865c2; border-top: 1px solid #0865c2; border-left: 1px solid #0865c2; border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; padding: 20px; )
6. Table background
If you are looking for a fast and unique way table design, choose an attractive image or photo related to the table theme and set it as the table background. 
Jpg") no-repeat; background-position: 100% 55px; ) th ( font-weight: normal; color: #339; padding: 10px 12px; ) td ( background: url("https://site/images/ back..png"); background: transparent; )
1. What are HTML tables and why are they needed?
html tables- this is one of the most basic components of every html page and, accordingly, every site. For example, the entire site consists of tables: pictures, texts, links, registration forms - everything is placed relative to each other using html tables (in fact, the entire site is also located in one large table).
2. What tags do html tables have?
Tags, defining the html table are written like this:
But since we know that all tables consist of rows and columns (cells), so we need to set tags for them too:
Now let's try to combine all the tags into one table. To do this, we will create an html table that consists of two rows and three columns:
This html table is very easy to make. First, let’s put the tags of the table itself, inside which we place the required number of rows (in our example, 2 rows):
Then we split each row into cells using column tags:
| - cell 1.1 | - cell 1.2 | - cell 1.3 |
| - cell 2.1 | - cell 2.2 | - cell 2.3 |
In fact, the first digit in the inscriptions is the row number, and the second is the cell number (1x2 - first row, second cell, etc.).
3. How to set the background color of html tables?
Now let's figure out how to set the background of the table or each cell separately.
So, to set the background the attribute is used bgcolor="background_color".
For example, if we need to set one color for the entire sign, then we do it like this:
| - cell 1.1 | - cell 1.2 | - cell 1.3 |
| - cell 2.1 | - cell 2.2 | - cell 2.3 |
For example, if you need to make a yellow sign, then we write:
If needed set background color a number of html table, then the attribute bgcolor="background_color" apply to tag
|
| 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
In this case, the attribute cell number sets White color text located inside the tag.
In exactly the same way it is specified color of each cell separately. For example, if you want to change the color of cell 1.2 to blue, then inside the opening tag
4. How to set the size of the width and height of html table cells?
So, in order to manually set the width and height of cells, use the height and width attributes. They can be set for the entire table, for one row, or for a cell (column). Height and width can be specified in either pixels or percentages. In our case, we will set the width and height in pixels for the columns (cells).
height- attribute that sets the height of the cell
width- attribute that specifies the width of the cell
And now for an example:
Now I'll explain why we set the cell height only once in each row.
If in a row you set a height for any cell greater than for others, then, despite this, all cells (columns) of your row will be equal in height to the largest one. And the width of each row is best set separately!
You can set the height and width for the entire table. In this case, all cells (columns) and rows will divide the space given to them equally, if you do not set these parameters to them personally (as a percentage of the total width (height) of the table or in pixels).
Also, very often you have to set the height and width width in percentages:
If we set the width of a cell to 40 percent, as in our example, this means that we still have 60 percent left for the remaining cells, i.e. the sum of their widths should not exceed 60 percent. Everything is very simple: in total we have only 100%. We count: 100 – 40 = 60.
5. How to align text inside an html table?
Now let's figure out how to align the text in our html table to the left, right and center.
This is done using the attribute:
align=”left”- aligns the text inside the html table to the left
align=”center”- aligns html text tables centered
align=”right”- aligns the text inside the html table to the right
Accordingly, the align attribute can also take the values right and left. The meaning of justify when used with a tag
For example, the html code for a table whose text is centered looks like this:
|
By registering the attribute align="center" in the opening
| 1x1 | 1.2 | 1x3 |
| 2.1 | 2x2 | 2.3 |
Now let’s look at an example of how to align text inside an html table along the top or bottom edge, that is, how you can make sure that the contents of a cell are not only located exactly in the middle of it (as by default), but also at the top or bottom.
Vertical alignment specified by the attribute:
valign="top"- the content will be located at the top of the cell
valign="middle"- the content will be located in the center of the cell
valign="bottom"- the content will be located at the bottom of the cell
Let's look at these attributes using our example:
|
This is what we get if we look at the result of the attributes in the browser: align And valign:
| 1x1 | 1.2 | 1x3 |
| 2.1 | 2x2 | 2.3 |
6. How to combine cells and columns of an html table?
In this part of our article we will talk about attributes colspan And rowspan.
colspan- defines the number of columns to be applied this cell
rowspan- determines the number of rows to which this cell extends
Values colspan And rowspan can take a value from 2 or more, i.e. a cell can stretch across two or more columns (rows).
So, now, using the example, we will stretch a 1x1 cell into two columns (cells). For this we will use colspan attribute="2", registering it for the 1x1 cell. The code will look like this:
As we can see, the 1x1 cell extends over the length of two cells. Accordingly, its length is equal to the summed length of these two cells (160 pixels). We didn't specify a width attribute for the 1x1 cell, but if we decided to do so, we would set the width to 160 pixels. And also, please note that in our example there is no 1x3 cell, i.e. there are only two cells in the first row, why - we have already discussed this - a 1x1 cell is equal to two cells, thanks to the colspan attribute.
The colspan and rowspan attributes must be handled very carefully. An error may cause your site to crash.
And now that we understand the colspan parameter, let's look at the rowspan parameter. The operating principle is the same:
|
| 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| 2.1 | 2.2 | |
Thus, we learned how to combine cells in rows and columns of html tables.
7. How to remove, add or change indents and how to set a frame for an html table?
So, earlier we created an html table, the indents between the cells are clearly visible. To make them visible even better, let's add a frame for our table. This is done using attributes:
border="border width in pixels"- sets the frame width
bordercolor="border color"- sets the frame color
Let's, for example, give our html table a black frame 1 pixel wide.
For this tag
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If we look at the result in the browser, we clearly see that the distance between cells ( cellspacing) of our html table has increased to 10 pixels, and the distance between the text and the inner edge of the cell has increased by 20 pixels.
| 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| 2.1 | 2.2 | |
If you need to remove indents altogether, then simply put cellpadding="0" And cellspacing="0".
8. How to insert one html table inside another?
We are approaching the final stage of learning html tables. Now we will learn how to insert one table inside another.
For example, inside cell 1.2 we will insert new table, consisting of one row and two columns. In the internal html table we will set a red border with a width of 2 pixels and a distance between cells of 0 pixels. We will also place the internal table at the top of the cell.
This is done very simply:
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This is what happened as a result of the new transformations of our table (red cells are an internal table located inside a large table):
| 1.1 |
|
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| 2.1 | 2.2 | |||
At this point we will finish this article. I think it turned out to be successful and not difficult to understand, and I hope you won’t have any more problems with the tables.
the body of the table is located. The body consists of rows and columns. The table is filled in line by line.Each tag
How to make a table in html
Let's give an example, html code:
Example table Column 1 Column 2
Pay attention to the cell
Now let's take a closer look at all the tag attributes
| or lines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ... | ... |
...
2. Property background="URL" - sets background picture. Instead of the URL, the address of the background image should be written. Example
Converts to the following on the page: In the example considered, our background image is located in the img folder (which is in the same directory as the html page), and the image is called fon.gif . Please note that in the tag we added style="color:white;" . Since the background is almost black, to prevent the text from blending into the background, we made the text white. 3. Property bgcolor="color" - sets the background color of the table. You can choose any color from the entire palette (see codes and names of html colors) 4. Property border="number" - sets the thickness of the table border. In previous examples, we specified border="1" , which means the border thickness is 1 pixel. 5. Property bordercolor="color" - sets the color of the border. If border="0" then there will be no border and the border color will have no meaning. 6. Property cellpadding="number" - indent from the frame to the cell contents in pixels. 7. Property cellspacing="number" - the distance between cells in pixels. 8. Property cols="number" - number of columns. If you do not set it, the browser itself will determine the number of columns. The only difference is that specifying this parameter will most likely speed up the loading of the table. 9. Property frame="parameter" - how to display borders around the table. Can take the following values:
10. Property height="number" - sets the height of the table: either in pixels or in percentages. 11. Property rules="parameter" - where to display borders between cells. Can take the following values:
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