The very first telephone in the world was invented more than a century ago. Many of us are very accustomed to modern smartphones, and communicating at a distance is now commonplace. You can call anywhere on the planet by pressing just a couple of buttons. But in the last century, in order to contact each other, people wrote letters and waited for a response for a long time.

The first telephone and its design

The basis for the design of the first apparatus for receiving and transmitting sound was control devices that create a magnetic field when passing electric current through them, membranes. And this discovery was made in 1875 in Boston by scientists Alexander Bell and Thomas John Watson.

Means of communication existed even in the most ancient times. Signal fires, conventional signs, drums were used as devices for transmitting information, and they even imitated the sounds that animals make. Therefore, the idea of ​​​​creating an object that would allow communication at a distance has long been present in society.

In Pskov in the Middle Ages, buildings had narrow tunnels in the walls, with the help of which people transmitted messages. And in the times of Great Rome, Gallic screamers, standing in a chain, could transmit a message at a speed of up to 100 km/h, thanks to which villagers learned long ago that the enemy was approaching.

In 1789, French mechanic Claude Chappe put forward the idea of ​​​​using a chain system for transmitting warnings using special bars and signal lights. For this purpose, towers located throughout the country were used, the devices on which were visible from long distance. The worker watched the nearest tower and changed the position of the bar accordingly, thus transmitting the signal further.

American Page was the first to decide to use electricity as a means of transmitting information. This idea was later developed by the scientist from Friedrichsdorf, Phillip Reis, and the American inventor of Scottish origin, Alexander Bell, and his student Thomas Watson.

Bell patents the telephone in the United States on February 14, 1876, and on March 10, the first transmission of information takes place through it.

Invention of the first electric telephone

The principle of operation of the electric telephone was outlined in his qualifying work for the award of an academic degree and master's qualification to mechanical engineer Charles Bourcel, it was he who first used the term “telephone”. His work on the idea of ​​transmitting information was based on the properties of electricity, but the scientist was never lucky enough to bring his discovery to life.

In 1860, in the USA, the Italian inventor-engineer Antonio Meucci, based on his research, created a device with which signals could be transmitted through wires, calling it a telectrophon. Western Union took advantage of the poverty of a little-known Italian. Having promised to help in filing a patent, the company bought all the drawings of the device. But after the transaction was completed, the company happily left the inventor “without his nose.” Meucci's telephony patent was denied.

Bell Graham declared himself the creator of the telephone and in 1876 issued a document certifying exclusive authorship. After a year of court hearings, Meucci was awarded primacy in creating the device. However, by that time his patent application was no longer valid. Western Union continued to produce telephones, and Meucci died without getting rich.

In the telephone, which was patented by the American scientist Bell, there was no bell, and communication was established using a whistle. Bell also believed that using the telephone one could establish contact with the afterlife.

The first mobile phone model

First portable phone invented in 1973. It was heavy, big and very different from modern models. Opening hours in offline mode It didn’t last long because the phone only ran on one battery. And the price for such phones was prohibitively high, and they could afford this device Not everyone.

Martin Cooper - inventor of the cell phone

Despite the fact that all leading companies were simultaneously working on the creation of a mobile phone, Martin Cooper was the first to release this invention to the masses. Externally, the device looked more like a portable payphone. The phone was in the backpack, behind the back, and consisted of a power source, handset and wires.

The first phones

Since the release of the phone, which was created by Martin Cooper, a dozen have been released worldwide different types and models, but they were still bulky and inconvenient. The first model familiar to us was assembled by MOTOROLA. Its weight was approximately 1 kilogram, and its working time was more than 8 hours in total.

DynaTAC8000x is the first commercial mobile device for transmitting and receiving sound at a distance. MOTOROLA's costs for the development of this device amounted to more than one hundred million US dollars. This model cost 4 thousand dollars and weighed about 800 grams, in addition, the phone could remember up to 30 different numbers of other phones. However, it took up to 10 hours to charge, and the battery only lasted for 60 minutes of talk time.

Next Motorola model Micro TAC, released in 1989, already cost 3 thousand dollars, and was the smallest phone in the world. Three years later, the company also released a miniature device, the size of which did not exceed the size of a palm. A little later, the Finnish company NOKIA released the first mass-produced model GSM phone– NOKIA 1011.

In 1993, BellSouth/IBM released the first communicator phone that allowed you to interact with a computer. And in 1996, MOTOROLA released a clamshell phone, it was the first model of this type, which was later nicknamed the “frog”.

IN this moment The phones are very different from the first models. Nowadays, phones are not only high-tech devices, but also fashion accessories. The famous telephone company Apple iPhone 4 DiamondRoseEdition costs about $8 million. However, there are phones that cost more than $10 million.

Mobile communications in the USSR

We are all accustomed to the fact that mobile technologies and devices come from abroad. Both communication standards (for example, GSM), and the phones themselves, and all equipment of operators bear the mark “Made in not-with-us”. The USA, Europe, Japan and even China provide us with communications. And somehow we forgot that we ourselves used to be leaders in this area. At one time, it was in our country that the world's first automatic mobile communication network was launched. And if not for the attitude of the Soviet leadership, (sabotage?) Perhaps even now we would speak not by “Nokias”, but by “volemots”...

Was there mobile communication in the USSR?

This question may seem strange to many, especially from a generation for which mobile communications are strongly associated with a plastic box with a large color screen, a bunch of buttons and buzzwords such as GPRS, WAP, 3G. Where could mobile communications come from in the Damned Sovk (c)?

Well, first of all, what is mobile communications anyway? What is the definition of this term?

Mobile communications are radio communications between subscribers, the location of one or more of which changes.

Mobile communications can be cellular, trunking, satellite, plus personal radio call systems and zone SMRS (fixed channel through a repeater).

In other words, cellular communications (although this term is probably also not familiar to all users of this very type of communication) is just a variation of a broader concept - mobile communications. Moreover, it appeared much later than the first mobile radio communication systems in general.

In the world, the first mobile communication systems appeared after the First World War. So in 1921, the first radio-equipped police cars began to be used in the United States. But mobile communications of that time were almost entirely used in highly specific forms, primarily by the military, police and all kinds of specialized services. They did not have connections to public telephone networks and were not automatic, so this period can be skipped.

The first mobile communication systems for the average consumer began to appear after World War II. However, these were also rather limited systems. The communication was one-way (simplex), that is, in the image of military radio stations - press the PTT button - you speak, release it - you listen. Yes, and selecting a free radio channel and then connecting to a terrestrial telephone network was completely manual. The presence of a control room with telephone ladies and a manual switchboard was an indispensable attribute of such systems.

Those who remember the French film of the 60s "Razinya" can remember the episode when the hero of Louis de Funes spoke on such a "mobile phone" from his car. "Hello, young lady, give me Smolny!"

This leads to a simple conclusion. The process of calling from a mobile phone should be indistinguishable from calling from a regular phone. This will be the criterion mobile network widely used communications.

So, the world's first fully automatic mobile communication system was created and put into operation in the Soviet Union. And for several years, the USSR was the world leader in the field of mobile communications.

"Altai". The first in the world.

See the first US patent in 1972!
U.S. Patent 3,663,762 -- Cellular Mobile Communication System -- Amos Edward Joel (Bell Labs), filed Dec 21, 1970, issued May 16, 1972 http://www.google.com/patents?vid=3663762 at this link and other patents , later

Work on an automatic mobile communication system, called Altai, began in 1958. In the city of Voronezh at the Voronezh Research Institute of Communications (VNIIS) subscriber stations(in other words, the phones themselves) and base stations for communicating with them. Antenna systems were developed at the Moscow State Specialized Design Institute (GSPI), the same place where Soviet television was born. Leningraders worked on other components of Altai, and later enterprises from Belarus and Moldova joined. Specialists from different parts Soviet Union joined forces to create a product that was absolutely unique at that time - an automatic mobile communications.

"Altai" was supposed to become full-fledged phone installed in a car. You could simply talk on it, like on a regular telephone (i.e., the sound passed in both directions at the same time, the so-called duplex mode). To call to another "Altai" or to regular phone, it was enough to simply dial the number - like on a desk telephone, without any channel switching or conversations with the dispatcher.

Realize this opportunity given the then technical level it wasn't easy. Digital communications, of course, it hasn’t happened yet; the voice was transmitted over the air in the usual way. But, in addition to voice, it was necessary to transmit special signals, with the help of which the system itself could find a free radio channel, establish communication, and transmit the dialed phone number etc.

Now it seems natural to us to simply dial a number on the buttons of a mobile phone. And in 1963, when the experimental zone of the Altai system was launched in Moscow, real phone in the car made an indelible impression. The developers tried to make it as similar as possible to conventional devices: the Altai had a handset, and in some models even a dial for dialing numbers. However, the disk was soon abandoned and replaced with buttons, since turning the disk in a car turned out to be inconvenient.

Party and economic leaders were delighted with new system. Car phones soon appeared in the ZILs and Chaikas of the upper echelons of the Soviet leadership. They were followed by "Volga" directors of the most important enterprises.

"Altai" of course was not a full-fledged cellular system. Initially, one city and its suburbs were served by just one base station with sixteen radio channels. But for the small number of senior managers who had access to mobile communications, this was enough at first.

The system used frequency range 150 MHz is a frequency of the same order as the meter band of television. Therefore, an antenna installed on a high tower made it possible to provide communication at a distance of up to tens of kilometers.

A similar system in the USA, IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service), was launched in the pilot area a year later. And its commercial launch took place only in 1969. Meanwhile, in the USSR, by 1970, "Altai" was installed and was successfully operating in about 30 cities!

By the way, about the IMTS system. There is one very interesting paragraph in the description of this system.

In the 70s and the early 80s, before the introduction of cellular phones, there were "waiting lists" of up to 3 years for those wishing to have mobile telephone service. These potential subscribers were literally waiting for other subscribers to disconnect their subscription in order to obtain a mobile telephone number and mobile phone service.

In the 70s and early 80s before use cellular communications there were “waiting lists” of up to 3 years for those wishing to have mobile communications. Potential subscribers were forced to wait until existing subscribers disconnected from the network in order to receive a telephone number and mobile network services.

Queues! Lists! Numbers! Here it is, the Damned Scoop (c)!!!

Of course, such strict restrictions were caused by the limited number of radio channels. But I specifically draw attention to this so that readers understand that similar systems could not be massive purely due to technical reasons, and not because of someone's malicious intent.

For this reason, the phones of this system were very expensive (from 2 to 4 thousand dollars) and a minute of conversation cost from 70 cents to 1.2 dollars. Often the phones were leased from the company rather than purchased.

And by the way, this system is still in use in Canada and the USA.

Now in Moscow, Leningrad, Tashkent, Rostov, Kyiv, Voronezh and many other cities (and regions) of the USSR, party and economic leaders could calmly talk on the phone from a car. Our country, as strange as it may be to hear now, was a confident leader in the field of mobile communications.

In the 1970s, the Altai system was actively developing. New radio channels were allocated (22 “trunks” of 8 channels each) in the 330 MHz range - i.e. at slightly longer wavelengths than UHF television, which made it possible to provide considerable range and simultaneously serve more subscribers. Thanks to the use of the first microcircuits, subscriber stations became more and more compact - although they still remained car-based (it was possible to carry the phone along with the batteries in a heavy suitcase).

By the mid-70s, the geography of distribution of the Altai system gradually expanded to 114 cities of the Soviet Union.

Special work to modernize the equipment had to be carried out for the 1980 Moscow Olympics. Moreover, it was precisely for the Olympics that the Altai base station moved to the Ostankino TV tower. Before that, it occupied the top two floors of a high-rise building on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment.
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The famous building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment. In the 60s, the three upper floors were occupied by equipment of the Altai system, which provided the Central Committee and the Supreme Council with excellent mobile communications.

At the Olympics-80, the communications of the modernized Altai-3M system were used very widely and showed their best side. Thus, almost all journalistic reports from the competition took place through Altai. Soviet signalmen became winners of the Olympics along with Soviet athletes; True, they did not receive Olympic medals, but many leading developers received the USSR State Prize.

However, during the Olympics the limitations of “Altai” began to appear. Sometimes journalists complained about bad connection; the engineers recommended that they move the car a little, and everything immediately got better.

In total, by the beginning of the 80s, the number of subscribers of the Altai system was about 25 thousand.

For wireless telephones to become widespread, it was necessary further development systems - in particular, the transition to the now common use of multiple base stations covering neighboring areas of the territory. And Soviet engineers were quite ready for this development. Unfortunately, not everything depended only on this readiness.

VOLEMOT, which came too late.

In the early 1980s, specialists from VNIIS and other enterprises were ready to work on a new generation communication system. It was called "Volemot" (short for the names of the cities where the developers were located: Voronezh, Leningrad, Molodechno, Ternopil). A special feature of Volemot was the ability to fully use many base stations; during a conversation, you could switch from one of them to another without losing connection.

This function, now known as “handover” and allowing conversations on the move without any problems, made Volemot a full-fledged cellular connection. In addition, automatic roaming was supported: the Volemot device, registered in the network of one city, could be used in another. In this case, the same 330 MHz range was used, and each base station could, if necessary, “cover” tens of square kilometers with communications.

Volemot" could become a mass connection for rural areas, a “faithful friend” of collective farmers, summer residents and tourists. For this purpose it would be better suited than Western cellular systems, developed in the same period (AMPS, NMT), since it was easy to ensure its operation over a very wide area. But for servicing many subscribers in a small area (in a city), Volemot was inferior to AMPS and NMT, but further development, however, could solve this problem.

Mobile communications could easily fit into both the Soviet way of life and communist ideology. Initially, telephones could, for example, be installed in villages and holiday villages for collective use and rented out in tourist clubs (for the duration of the trip). The call service from Volemot could appear on long-distance trains or buses. And of course no threat" state security“did not arise - mobile communications without encryption devices are very easy to eavesdrop on. Therefore, in the future it could well become available to all citizens of the country.

However, for several years it was not possible to obtain the necessary funding for the Volemot project and the development of the system proceeded very slowly. Meanwhile, cellular systems in the West were actively developing and gaining popularity. During the early to mid-1980s, the previous leadership was lost.
“Volemot” was nevertheless completed by the end of the 1980s and was ready to begin deployment, but at that time “the process had already begun” and the possibility of catching up with Europe and the USA was no longer discussed.

Nevertheless, the system was launched in a number of cities in the early 90s and is still in operation, just like Altai. Today their main positioning is professional connection for various services, from taxis to ambulances.

But despite this, full-fledged cellular communications managed to appear in the USSR. The first operator, Leningrad-based Delta Telecom, began operating on September 9, 1991, three and a half months before the collapse of the USSR. This means that work on its installation began six months to a year before this event, when the events that followed in Belovezhskaya Pushcha in December were not predicted even by CIA analysts.

Something interesting. The first cell phones.

Mobile (or rather, car!) phone from the early 80s Nokia- Mobira Senator. The weight of the device is 15 kilograms.

Mobira Talkman is a phone from the second half of the 80s - early 90s. His weight is already only 3 kg.

First cellular telephone Motorola - DynaTAC 8000X, released on March 6, 1983. Its development cost about 100 million dollars (at that time!).

The phone weighed 794 grams and had dimensions of 33x4.4x8.9 cm. The battery charge was enough for 1 hour of talk time or 8 hours of standby time. He had a memory for 30 numbers and ONE melody.

This phone cost $3995. Lasted 10 years in the cellular communications market.

In the network of the first commercial cellular communication company in the United States, Ameritech Mobile, the monthly fee was $50, plus one minute of conversation cost users from 24 to 40 cents (depending on the time of the call). A year after its launch, its network had 12 thousand subscribers.

Today it's hard to imagine modern man without a mobile phone, although only 25 years ago only the wealthiest citizens could afford to buy this device in Russia. According to TMT Consulting, at the end of 2015 there were 251.8 million cellular subscribers, and this is 105.3 million more than the entire population of the country - one and a half mobile phones per person. Telephones have long ceased to be a luxury item. It is all the more interesting to look into the recent past, when mobile phones in Russia were considered exotic, and only a select few could talk to family and friends from different parts of the country.

A little history

The development of the first cell phone began in 1947 by the American company Bell Labs. The idea of ​​such a device instantly captured the minds of leading engineers in the USA and Russia. Another American company interested in mobile phones is Motorola. In Russia, in 1957, engineer Leonid Ivanovich Kupriyanovich demonstrated portable phone LK-1. It weighed 3 kg, worked no more than 30 hours, but provided a range of up to 30 km. In 1958, he presented a device weighing 500 g, and already in 1961 a telephone weighing only 70 g allegedly appeared. Only a photograph of this device of dubious quality has survived to this day, the development of which was either stopped or transferred to the special services (supporters of the theories dedicated to the conspiracy).

 

Instead of this revolutionary device, the Russians saw the Altai device, which could only be transported in a car, which was what the Ambulance employees used. Kupriyanovich's developments formed the basis for several Bulgarian devices produced in 1966 RAT-05, ATRT-05 and base station RATC-10, which have found application in industrial facilities. In 1973, Motorola put an end to the battle for supremacy: Martin Cooper called Bell Labs from a phone that fit comfortably in his hand and did not require additional accessories. measuring 22.5x12.5x3.75 cm, weighed 1.15 kg, consisted of 2000 parts, and the battery charge was only enough for 20 minutes of conversation. It took another 10 years to finalize the mobile phone, and only on March 6, 1983, the phone, weighing 800 grams, went on sale for $3,500.

In Russia, the topic of commercial mobile communications was not raised until 1986. USSR Communications Minister Gennady Kudryavtsev said that the KGB and security forces considered accessible cellular communications a threat to national security. An epochal event was the call from Mikhail Gorbachev from Helsinki to Moscow in 1987 on the first telephone for NMT networks. There were 5 years left before the release of the first GSM phone - it became one and it changed cellular communications forever.

Russian realities

The first call from Russia to the USA took place on September 9, 1991 within the walls of the Delta Telecom company using a Nokia Mobira MD 59 NB2 device using the NMT-450 communication standard. It was carried out by the mayor of St. Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak. The phone weighed about 3 kg, cost $4000 (and $1995 under the operator's contract), and a minute of conversation cost $1. Despite the high cost and size of the device, Delta managed to make 10,000 subscribers mobile in the first 4 years of operation.

Cellular communications reached Moscow only in 1992. Ericsson companies and Moscow Cellular Communications. Within a year, cellular communications became available to 5,000 Muscovites. In the same 1992 Russian market a new player VimpelCom has appeared with the Beeline trademark. On July 12, 1992, the first call from the Motorola DynaTAC, popularly known as the “brick,” rang out at the company’s office.

At this time, the GSM network was launched in Germany, which quickly became a global standard. In Russia, the first operator to adopt GSM was MTS, which began commercial operation of the network in 1994. In the same year, the first call came from the office of the North-West GSM operator (now MegaFon), but it began commercial activities only in 1995.

According to Ericsson's Jan Vareby, the implementation GSM networks allowed Russia to begin the development of cellular communications faster than many other countries, ahead of the founders of the standard.

The price of mobility

Not everyone could become the owner of a mobile phone. average price the device was $2500, and the subscriber had to pay almost $2500 more as a down payment and connection fee. For “only” $5000 you could become mobile and modern. But this was far from the end of the waste. Expensive subscription fee and the price per minute forced subscribers to pay at least $200 monthly at the end of 1998. Now communication services with unlimited access to the Internet and messaging cost no more than $10. However, by the end of the 90s, about 20 million SIM cards were sold in the country, but the real boom happened in the early 2000s. There were about 30 million subscribers in the country already in 2003, and by 2010 their number had grown to 216 million. The reduction in the cost of cellular communications was facilitated by the release of increasingly affordable mobile phones, many of which became cult favorites: and many others.

New generation communications

In 2003, Delta Telecom launched a 3G/CDMA200 network under the Sky Link brand, but a commercial network based on the EV-DO standard was ready only by 2005. In 2007, MegaFon built the first network based on 3G/UMTS, and already in 2008 all operators big three» began the development of 3G in the regions. The emergence of mobile phones by type with large touch screens and support high speed connections required increasing the speed and capacity of networks to transmit not only voice, but also photos or video images, multimedia messages. In 2008, Scartel, under the Yota brand, launched the first commercial WiMAX network in Russia, and became the first device in the world to support working in this network simultaneously with GSM. The rapid development of 4G LTE networks in Russia began at the end of 2011, and MegaFon became the first operator to provide new generation communications for subscribers.

From this moment the modern mobile history Russia. Over the past 5 years, subscribers have begun to increasingly use mobile internet, preferring communication via the Internet to regular calls. All modern smartphones have quick access to the network, and the most available phones with 4G support can be found at a price of 3,500 rubles in operator showrooms. Mobile phone has become as familiar and commonplace as Electric kettle. Cheaper production and the emergence of new players in the market are making mobile communications more accessible even to the most remote and poor corners of the world. 25 years ago it was impossible to imagine the scale of the spread of cellular communications in Russia, but what awaits us in another 25 years?

Long gone are the days when having a mobile phone was perceived as something outlandish and incredibly expensive. Today, a telephone is a must-have item for almost any person. With it you can make calls, write letters, listen to music and much more. What was it like before? Who invented the telephone?

Who invented the first telephone set

It's no secret that the telephone was invented by the Americans. But before the invention of telegraphs and telephones, there were other ways to transmit information to long distances. To signal attacks or other significant events, our ancestors used smoke, fire, whistling, drumming, and gunshots. The disadvantage of such signal transmission was the distortion of sounds and the need to create intermediate points. The invention of the telephone we are accustomed to was preceded by the discovery of the telegraph.

Who invented the first telephone in 1876? It was Alexander Bell. He and his assistant worked on the creation of " talking telegraph" The device worked using an electric line, but transmission was carried out no further than half a kilometer. The call was made through the handset using a whistle. Bell's telegraph was not originally equipped with a bell. Later his colleague Watson added this important detail. The presence of a bell distinguished the Bell apparatus from all previously invented models. The phone requires DC current to operate.

Bell issued patent for a long time was one of the most in demand, but success did not come to the scientist immediately. At first he demonstrated his invention at exhibitions. The phone was written about in the newspapers. But Bell never received any income from the device. That was until his fateful trip to England. In the summer of 1877, Bell and his girlfriend went on a trip, not forgetting to take the apparatus. It was there that the demonstration of the device aroused the approval of the public, and word of the miracle machine reached the royal palace. Alexandra Bella invited Her Majesty to her place. Here he once again showed the capabilities of the device. The Queen was delighted.

Following the success of the electric telephone in England, Western Union created the American Speaker Telephone Company, disregarding Bell's patent rights. Bell's like-minded people opened the New England Telephone Company. The company leaders spent a long time sorting things out, until in 1879 the joint company Bell Company was born. Interestingly, throughout his life Bell flatly refused to install a telephone at home, saying that the device could turn his life into hell.

Who invented the first dial telephone

American citizen Almon Brown Strowger invented the first dial telephone. A patent for this invention was issued in 1891. Mr. Strowger owned a funeral home, but his competitor's wife worked telephone operator. She forwarded all calls that asked to speak to the funeral home to her husband. Strowger's business was on the verge of collapse. It was then that he thought about creating a device with a direct connection.

Strowger's automatic telephone exchange began operation in 1892. The telephone model did not have holes for dialing numbers; they were replaced by teeth located in a circle. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Strowger's Automatic Electric Company released landline phone with the usual finger holes. The last improved model was released in 1907. Then nothing was heard about the development of the company until it was bought out by Bell Systems. It is curious that Bell Systems itself released a rotary-dial telephone only in 1919.

Who invented the mobile phone

Motorola employee Martin Cooper invented the first mobile phone. He made his first remote conversation in 1973, while walking down the street. One can only imagine people's reaction to this invention. The very first phone in the world was not so perfect: the battery charge lasted for 20 minutes, and the dimensions were not so compact.

Although the Americans’ right to primacy can be challenged, because back in 1957, Soviet radio engineer Leonid Ivanovich Kupriyanovich invented the first model weighing 3 kg. But who in the Soviet Union thought about patents? The first telephone went on sale in America on June 13, 1983. In the first year alone, more than 300 thousand Americans purchased it.

Today, mobile phones are produced for every taste and color. Manufacturers boldly keep up with the times to satisfy any needs. I wonder what the phone of the future will look like?

21 March 2015

Who invented the mobile phone?

Mobile phone- a portable communication device, without which modern society can no longer imagine his life. Nowadays, anyone can purchase a mobile phone or smartphone for every taste at an affordable price.

The first mobile phone.

How did it all begin? In the mid-twentieth century, the option of communicating at a distance using a portable communication device was considered. Soviet engineer Leonid Ivanovich Kupriyanovich showed the world the first experimental model of the current mobile phone. Weight of the cell phone presented in 1963, was 3 kg, and he also could not work without a special base. Scientists and inventors agreed that the invention needed to be improved.

A means of communication in the car interior was presented by the laboratory Bell Laboratories. Synchronized with Bell Laboratories, the company Motorola developed new option portable means for communication at a distance. Motorola in those days was engaged in the sale and production of radio stations.

Who invented the first mobile phone?

Be that as it may, the first person who invented the mobile phone was Martin Cooper. He worked for Motorola and was the head of the communications department. Scientists and specialists were skeptical about the idea of ​​a mobile phone. Martin Cooper did not give up on his idea. In April 1973 Martin called the director of Bell Laboratories from Manhattan using his invention. An era began with this call mobile technologies. Cooper, of course, did not accidentally call the director of a competing company. He wanted to show that his team was the first to complete the task.

When did the first mobile phone appear?

The first prototype of a modern mobile phone was presented to the world in 1983, exactly ten years after the fateful call. The model was called DynaTAC 8000X and was priced at $4,000. This price did not scare away people who even joined long lines to buy the new product.

What was the first portable mobile phone?

The first portable mobile phone was very different from the mobile phones we are used to using today. What were these differences? Below is their complete list:

• the length of the apparatus tube was 10 cm, a long antenna was attached to it;
• instead of the display that we are used to using, the phone was equipped only with buttons for calling a particular subscriber;
• The weight of the DynaTAC 8000X model was equal to one kilogram. The dimensions of this phone were impressive: 22.5x12.5x3.75 cm;
• the first portable mobile phone did not receive calls, but only made them;
• the battery only lasted for 45 minutes of conversation, if the phone was not touched it could work for up to 6 hours;
• The first phone was charged from 7 to 9 hours.