Communication will prevent me from sending a copy. Use a category to disable automatic CC for individual messages

Instructions

Go to your mailbox and create a new one letter. Enter the first letter of the address, and you will see a list of recipients whose name begins with it mailbox. Select the desired email from them and click on it. The address will appear in the corresponding window and after it. Repeat the data entry for the remaining recipients in the same way. Add the subject of the message, the text of the letter itself and the necessary attachments. After you complete the registration, click the “send” button. Yours letter all owners of the listed will receive postal addresses. True, each of them will know that he is not the only recipient.

Take advantage of the opportunities address book. Different mail services implement this service in their own way, but according to the same logic. At the end of the "to" line there is an icon representing an address book. Addresses to which you have already sent messages are automatically added to it. Click on the symbol to see the entire list. Check the boxes next to those you want to add as recipients of this letter. Click the "add selected" button. The marked addresses will appear in the “to” line.

Enter the required data manually. You will have to do this if you have not sent letters to these addresses before. Each of them must be separated by a comma and a space. For example: [email protected], postnam@mail, [email protected].

Please note that a maximum of 25 addresses can fit in the address bar. If you intend to send this message to more people, use the “cc” and “ hidden copy».

Add recipients to the Bcc line if you want to prevent other recipients from knowing you're sending it. letter not only them. A line will appear if you click on the “show all fields” sentence or on the corresponding inscription above the “to” line. This method has significant drawback: Recipients may not receive your items. Mail system robots that fight spam delete such letters.

Go into your mailbox settings and create with a text that you want to send to many recipients. Now manually create for each address letter, enter the recipient and select a subject. You just need to enter it once, and then it will appear in the drop-down line. Attach the file if necessary and click "send". This method allows you to avoid spam filters and make it seem like you are writing to this person. At the same time, it minimizes the amount of manual work.

Take advantage special programs for mass mailing of letters. They allow you to send up to several hundred messages per minute and simplify all stages of writing letters as much as possible. Choose the program that suits you best and download it from one of the thematic sites.

Sources:

Weapons of mass notification. How to organize your own newsletter
how to send a message to multiple recipients
Personalizing emails for mass mailings using

Bulk mailing – the ability to send a letter immediately several recipients - especially useful when you need to send congratulations or invitations, or send out a press release. Many mail servers have this function, and to use it all you need is an Internet connection.

Instructions

To send a letter at the same time several addressees who are already in your contacts list, open your email (algorithm for sending letters several addressees identical in many email programs). Click on the “Write a letter” tab and fill in the fields to create a new message: its subject and the text itself.

Select the Add link or the notebook image. Thus, you will download a list of your address book, in which you can check the boxes of those to whom you need to send a letter. Click on “Add” again or simply click on the free field.

A list of all entered addresses will appear in the “To” address line. Click on "Send" and users will receive your email. However, in addition to the letter, they will see the addresses of all other recipients in the “To” line.

If you want to hide from your recipients that you have used the bulk email feature, use one of two methods. After filling out the subject and body of the email, enter the recipient's name in the "To" cell, and then click on the "Bcc" link. An additional empty field will appear under the cell, in which select the desired recipients using the previous method. Click on “Submit” again. Your letter will be sent to all recipients, although this does not guarantee that it will be received. The robots of many mail systems consider such letters as spam and are often deleted.

To avoid your email getting caught in the spam filter, send messages via “Draft”. Enter the subject and text in the appropriate fields, and then click the “Save as Draft” link. Go to the "Draft" section on the left side of the page and click on the saved letter. You will see a letter template that does not include the recipient's address. Manually enter the desired email and click on “Submit”, then return to the “Draft” section and repeat the procedure for each new user.

Video on the topic

Sources:

how to send a letter from a draft in 2019

It happens that you need to send several messages at once. This is usually how jokes, announcements and other information are distributed. There are special services and programs for this. They will send your messages in a jiffy.

You will need

- computer;
- Internet;
- ePochta Mailer 4.2 program
- in addition, the ePochta Subscription Manager program

Instructions

For example, you can register on the website pistonposter.сom. This service stable. Here you have the opportunity to create your own blogs or blogs. Go to the "Projects" section. Enter your text that you plan to distribute. You can also find the Action option, under which there are several icons. Select a leaf image. The Send Message window will appear. Specify where and to whom yours will be sent, and click the “Send” button.

IN social network Vkontakte can also be sent to several at the same time messages. To do this, go to the “My Messages” section and click on the “Write a message” button. Enter the text you need and in the “Recipient” field, select those to whom you want to send your letters.

In order to remove many unnecessary messages from a mailbox, the user needs to perform a number of actions. The initial action will be the user in the electronic system. To do this, you need to open the main page of your mailer, and then enter your username and password into the authorization form provided by the resource. After you fill out these fields, click on the “Login” button. Thus, you will find yourself in the personal account of your mailbox.

After successfully logging in to the search engine, you need to do the following. Go to view your incoming messages. To do this, find the corresponding link on the page, and then click on it. You will be redirected to a page that will display all inboxes. If you pay attention to, opposite the topic of each incoming message, you will be able to see empty cells.

By clicking on these cells, you will mark certain letters. If you need to mark all incoming messages on a page at once, you will see a separate box at the top. Check the box - all inboxes that you see on the page will be automatically marked.

Specify the “Delete” command in actions with incoming messages, and then confirm the deletion of the corresponding message. You can delete from twenty to fifty emails at a time. You may have to repeat everything more than once to completely delete all mail. the above steps.

There are situations in life when we need to send letter By e-mail not immediately, but after a certain time. Some of mail servers, for example, Yandex, allow you to send letter automatically. How exactly to do this?

Instructions

Go to your mailbox at . To do this, enter in the field address bar your Internet browser www.yandex.ru. On home page site on the left side is located, enter your login and password to log in to your email.

A page with incoming letters will open in front of you. Just above the letters there is a “Write” button - click it.

Now write it yourself letter. First, enter the mailbox address of the person you are talking to letter you send. Next, indicate the subject of the letter; it should reflect a summary of what you are writing. Finally, enter the text of the letter in the largest window. If you want to arrange your letter somehow in a special way, on the right click the “Apply” button letter" Clicking this button will open the text formatting panel. If you wish, you can check for spelling errors by clicking the “Check Spelling” button. If you need to attach any files to the email, click the “Attach Files” button, upload them from your computer and attach them to the email. You can also set one of the additional functions, for example, notification of receipt of a letter, SMS notification of the recipient of receipt of a letter, etc.

Now comes the fun part. When you have finished working with yourself letter m, you need to send it. So that it is sent to the recipient automatically, i.e. not immediately after you wrote it, but after a certain time, at the bottom under the text of the letter, find the inscription “Send today to...”. Check the box next to it to activate it this function. Install the exact date and dispatch time. By clicking on the icon with question mark, you can read the help for this function. Attention: sending a letter can be postponed for no more than one year from the current date. Once the entire process is complete, click on the “Submit” button.

E-mail in Russia is now very actively used in private correspondence. In Western Europe and North America, already a decade ago, this method began to be practiced not so much in private correspondence, but for the exchange of business information within various organizations. And since quite often it was necessary to send messages to several colleagues at the same time, email programs quickly received additional function, which simplifies the solution of this problem. Modern email services have inherited and developed the mechanism for sending messages to several recipients simultaneously.

You will need

Mail program or access to the mail service

Business communication is its own world with its own laws. A lot depends on how we comply with these laws: the impression we make on colleagues and partners, work productivity, and even career advancement.

A special place in business communication occupied by business correspondence, which is the daily responsibility of most office workers and not only that. The ability to conduct business correspondence correctly can be a good help for concluding profitable deals and building your business image.

Let's look at some features of a business letter. So, business correspondence is:

use of template phrases and clichés
emotional neutrality,
semantic accuracy and conciseness of presentation,
well-constructed argumentation.

Business correspondence to English language– this is the same set of rules and clichés, some of which we recommend to use by everyone who works with foreign partners or in international companies. We bring to your attention several useful phrases that will decorate your business correspondence. These phrases will emphasize your professionalism and help shape the image of a business person. Let's begin!

1. Please find attached

Let's start with the classics. Often you have to attach various documents or other files to a letter. In order to notify the recipient about the presence of an attachment, this phrase is perfect. After all, the word “Attachment” in translation means “attachment”. The phrase should be used at the end of the letter.

Here are a couple of examples of use:

Please find attached my portfolio.
Please find attached copy of the agreement/contract.

2. I have forwarded

This phrase can be used if you need to forward an email to other recipients. To notify the recipient about this, the phrase “I have forwarded” is perfect. For example:

I have forwarded Anna’s CV to you.
I have forwarded John's email to you.

3. I've cc'ed

A person uninitiated into all the secrets of the peculiarities of business correspondence may not understand what this strange abbreviation means. But we are professionals. “I’ve cc’ed” is an abbreviation that stands for I have carbon copied. The phrase means "to copy someone to receive letters."

So if you need to inform someone that you have copied other recipients, feel free to use this phrase. Eg:

I've cc'ed Sara on this email.
I’ve cc’ed Jack and Jimmy on these emails.

Regarding abbreviations that cannot be used in business correspondence- an exception is usually made for this case.

4. For further details

This phrase is a proven way to politely end your letter in English. “For further details” means “for more detailed information”, “in more detail”. Examples of using:

For further details contact me any time.
For further details write to our Sales-manager.

Another phrase that will help you finish politely is “If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.” Translated, this means “If you have any questions, feel free to write to me.”

5. I look forward to

The phrase “look forward” means “to look forward.” So if you are looking forward to a response or some other action from the recipient, then it would be quite appropriate to use this phrase. Eg:

I look forward to your answer.
I'm looking forward to your reply.

The phrase is best used at the end of the letter.

When writing a letter, you need to be polite even when you don't really feel like it. The ability to write competent letters in any situation reflects your professionalism, good manners and knowledge of business ethics. In conclusion, let us remind you that in business correspondence you must show precision of wording and impeccable literacy. The use of abbreviations is also unacceptable (with rare exceptions).

Write emails in English correctly, dear friends! Good luck!

What is email? In the modern business world this is:

Your face. It is with using email You can create a positive image in the eyes of your counterparty or ruin the first impression.
Your working tool. A lot of communication with the outside world takes place via email. Therefore, if you are proficient in this instrument, you can make your life a lot easier.
A powerful distraction. The outside world is trying to get at you, distract you and throw you off. the right path via email.

From this perspective, let’s look at working with email. Let's start with something simple.

Formatting a letter

I use the Mozilla Thunderbird email client, so I will use it as an example. Let's create a new letter and go from top to bottom through the list of fields.

To whom. Copy. Hidden copy

Some may not know, but "To" in Mozilla can be changed to "Cc" or "Bcc".

To whom: we write the main recipient or several recipients separated by semicolons.
Copy: we write to someone who should read the letter, but from whom we do not expect a reaction.
Hidden copy: we are writing to someone who should read the letter, but should remain unknown to the other recipients of the letter. It is especially appropriate to use for mass mailing of business letters, such as notifications.

Wrong V mass mailing specify recipients using the “Copy” or “To” fields. Several times a year I receive letters that list 50–90 recipients in the “Cc” field. There is a violation of privacy. Not all of your recipients need to know who else you are working with on a similar topic. It’s good if these are people who know each other. What if there are competing companies on the list that don’t know about each other? At a minimum, you need to be prepared for unnecessary explanations, and at maximum, to terminate cooperation with one of them. Do not do it this way.

Letter subject

The importance of the subject line of a letter is often written (sometimes sensibly) in their corporate blogs professional mailing services. But most often we are talking about sales letters, where the subject of the letter solves the problem “the email should be opened.”

We are discussing daily business correspondence. Here the theme solves the problem “the letter and its author should be easily identified and then found.” Moreover, your diligence will return to you in the form of karma of numerous response letters, only with prefixes Re: or FWD, among which you will have to search the right letter on this topic.

Twenty letters is the volume of one-day correspondence for a middle manager. I’m not talking about entrepreneurs and business owners at all; their number of letters sometimes goes off scale at 200 or more per day. Therefore once again: do not send emails with an empty subject.

So, how to formulate the subject line of an email correctly?

Mistake #1 : Only the company name in the subject. For example, “Sky” and that’s it. Firstly, you are probably not the only one from your company communicating with this counterparty. Secondly, such a topic does not bring any meaning, because the name of your company is already visible from the address. Third, guess what yours will look like own box with this approach to correspondence? Something like this.

Is it convenient to search on such topics?

Mistake #2 : flashy, selling headline. It's great if you know how to write such headlines. But is it appropriate to use these skills in business correspondence? Remember the purpose of a business email subject line: not to sell, but to provide identification and search.

Text of the letter

There are many guides on writing texts for different cases life. For example, Maxim Ilyakhov, Alexander Amzin and other masters of words have a lot of useful information. I advise you to read their articles, at least to improve general literacy and improve the overall style of written speech.

In the process of writing a letter, we must make several decisions sequentially.

A matter of politeness . At the beginning of the letter, you can blur into pleasantries or even tenderness in the spirit of “My dear Rodya, it’s been more than two months since I talked to you in writing, from which I myself suffered and even didn’t sleep some nights, thinking.” Very polite and very costly, both in terms of time to write such an introduction, and in terms of the interlocutor’s time to read it. Correspondence is business, remember? Not an essay in the epistolary genre for a competition or a letter to Raskolnikov’s mother, but business correspondence.

We respect our time and the recipient's!

It only makes sense to introduce yourself and recall the circumstances of your acquaintance in the first letter sent after a fleeting meeting at an exhibition. If this is a continuation of cooperation or ongoing correspondence, in the first letter of the day we write: “Hello, Ivan”, in the second and subsequent ones: “Ivan, ...”.

Appeal . I have always been concerned about the question of who to address in a letter if there are several recipients. Recently I wrote a letter addressed to three girls named Anna. Without any doubt, I wrote “Hello, Anna” and didn’t worry. But such luck is not always the case.

What if there are three or even seven recipients and they do not have the same name? You can list them by name: “Good afternoon, Rodion, Pulcheria, Avdotya and Pyotr Petrovich.” But it's long and takes time. You can write: “Hello, colleagues!”

For myself, I use the rule of addressing by name the person in the “To” field. And don’t contact those in the copy at all. This rule also allows you to more accurately determine (one!) the addressee of the letter and the purpose of this letter.

Citation . Often correspondence is a chain of letters with questions and answers - in a word, a dialogue. It is considered good form not to delete the correspondence history and to write your response at the top of the quoted text, so that when you return to this correspondence a week later, you can easily read the dialogue from top to bottom, descending by date.

For some reason, the default setting in Mozilla is “Place cursor after quoted text.” I recommend changing it in the “Tools” → “Account Options” → “Composing and Addressing” menu. It must be so.

Purpose of the letter . There are two types of business letters:

when we simply inform the interlocutor (for example, a report on the work done for the month);
and when we want something from the interlocutor. For example, so that he approves the attached invoice for payment.

As a rule, there are many times more encouraging letters than reporting letters. If we want to achieve something from the interlocutor, it is very important to say this in a letter in plain text. The call to action should be accompanied by a name and be the last sentence in the letter.

Wrong : “Porfiry Petrovich, I know who hacked the old woman to death.”

Right : “Porfiry Petrovich, it was I who hacked the old woman to death, please take measures to arrest me, I’m tired of suffering!”

Why should the correspondent think for you what to do with this letter? After all, he may make the wrong decision.

Signature in the text . She must be. Moreover, all email clients allow you to configure automatic signature substitution, for example the classic “Sincerely, …”. In Mozilla, this is done in the “Tools” → “Account Options” menu.

Whether or not to write contacts in the signature is a personal matter for everyone. But if you are in any way connected with sales, be sure to write. Even if the deal does not take place as a result of communication, in the future you will be easily found using the contacts from the signature.

Finally, one more feature of the letter body for those interlocutors who don’t like (can’t, don’t want, don’t have time) to answer your letters. Please indicate the default in the body of the letter. For example, “Porfiry Petrovich, if you don’t come to arrest me before 12:00 Friday, then I consider myself amnestied.” Of course, the deadline must be real (you shouldn’t send the text from the example on Friday at 11:50). The recipient must be physically able to read and act on your letter. Such “silence” relieves you of responsibility for the interlocutor’s failure to respond. As always, you need to approach the use of this feature wisely. If a person responds to your letters on time and regularly, such an ultimatum may, if not offend him, then stress him out a little or lead to a decision not to answer the letter right now, but make you wait until Friday.

Attachments

Letters often come with attachments: resumes, commercial proposals, estimates, schedules, scans of documents - very handy tool and at the same time a source of popular errors.

Error : huge investment size. I often receive emails with attachments up to 20 MB in size. As a rule, these are scans of some documents in TIFF format, with a resolution of 600dpi. The correspondent's email program will almost certainly freeze for several minutes in a futile attempt to load a preview of the attachment. And God forbid the recipient tries to read this letter on a smartphone...

Personally, I immediately delete such letters. Don't want your email to end up in the trash before it's read? Check the size of the investment. It is recommended that it be no more than 3 MB.

What to do if it exceeds?

Try reconfiguring your scanner to a different format and resolution. For example, PDF and 300dpi produce quite readable scans.
Think about programs like WinRar archiver or 7zip. Some files compress perfectly.
What to do if the attachment is huge and you can’t compress it? For example, an almost empty accounting database weighs 900 MB. Cloud information storage will come to the rescue: Dropbox, Google Drive and the like. Some services, such as Mail.ru, automatically convert huge attachments into links to cloud storage. But I prefer to manage my information stored in the cloud myself, so I don’t welcome automation from Mail.ru.

And one more not entirely obvious recommendation about investments - their Name . It must be understandable and acceptable to the recipient. Once upon a time we were cooking in company Commercial offer in the name... let it be Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. I received a letter from the manager with a draft CP for approval, and the attachment included a file named “ForFedi.docx”. The manager who sent this to me had a dialogue that went something like this:

Dear manager, are you personally ready to approach this respected man and call him Fedya to his face?

Somehow, no, he’s a respected man, everyone calls him by his first name and patronymic.

Why did you name the attachment “For Fedi”? If I send it to him right now, do you think he will buy axes from us using this CP?

I was going to rename it later...

Why prepare a time bomb - refusal potential client- or create extra work for yourself by renaming the file? Why not immediately name the attachment correctly: “For Fyodor Mikhailovich.docx” or even better - “KP_Sky_Axes.docx”.

So, we have more or less sorted out email as a “person”. Let's move on to looking at email as a tool. efficient work and let's talk about its distracting component.

Working with letters

Email is a powerful distraction. As with any distraction, email needs to be dealt with by tightening rules and introducing work schedules.

At a minimum, you need to turn off ALL notifications about mail arrivals. If the email client is configured by default, you will be notified and sound signal, and they will blink the icon next to the clock and show a preview of the letter. In a word, they will do everything to first tear you away from painstaking work, and then plunge you into the abyss unread emails and unviewed mailings - minus an hour or two from life.

Some people have strong willpower that allows them not to be distracted by notifications, but ordinary people It’s better not to tempt fate and turn them off. In Mozilla Thunderbird, this is done through the menu "Tools" → "Settings" → "General" → "When new messages appear."

If there are no notifications, how can you understand that a letter has arrived?

Very simple. You yourself, consciously, set aside time to parse your mail, open your email client and see everything unread messages. This can be done twice a day, for example, at lunch and in the evening, or during forced downtime, for example, in traffic jams.

People often ask, what about response times and urgent letters? I answer: you do not have urgent letters in your mail. Unless you work in a department customer support(this department has its own regulations for working with mail).

If there are urgent letters, the sender will notify you about this through other channels - telephone, SMS, Skype. Then you will consciously go into your email client and process urgent mail. All time management gurus (for example, Gleb Arkhangelsky with his “Time Drive”) declare a standard response to email within 24 hours. This normal rule It’s good form to not expect instant replies via email from your interlocutor. If there is an urgent letter, notify about it through faster communication channels.

So, we turned off notifications and now turn on the email client according to our schedule.

What to do when we go to the mail and engage in an activity called “sorting out email”? Where is the beginning and end of this work?

I've heard a lot about the zero inbox system, but, unfortunately, I haven't met a single person using it. I had to reinvent my wheel. There are articles on this topic on Lifehacker. For example, " ". Below I will talk about the zero inbox system in my interpretation. I would be grateful if GTD gurus would comment and add or improve the described system.

It is important to understand and accept that email is not a task scheduler or archive for your activities. Therefore, the Inbox folder should always be empty. Once you start sorting through your inbox, don't stop or be distracted by anything until you've emptied this folder.

What to do with emails in your inbox? You need to go through each letter sequentially and delete it. Yes, just highlight and press Delete on your keyboard. If you can’t bring yourself to delete the letter, you’ll have to decide what to do with it.

Can you answer it in three minutes? Do I need to answer it? Yes, it is necessary, and the answer will take no more than three minutes, then answer immediately.
You must answer, but preparing an answer will take more than three minutes. If you use a task scheduler that allows you to convert an email into a task, turn the email into a task and forget about it for a while. For example, I use the absolutely wonderful service Doit.im. It allows you to generate a personal email address: you forward the letter to it, and it turns into a task. But if you don’t have a task scheduler, move the letter to the “0_Run” subfolder.
After quickly replying to a letter, turning it into a task, or simply reading it, you need to decide what to do with this message next: delete it or send it to one of the folders for long-term storage.

Here are the folders for long-term storage I've got.

0_Execute. I don’t have such a folder, but if you don’t have a planner, I repeat, you can put letters that require detailed work here. This folder also needs to be cleaned regularly, but with a thoughtful approach at a time specially allocated for this.
1_Ref. This is where I put letters from background information: welcome letters with logins from various web services, tickets for upcoming flights, and so on.
2_Projects. An archive of correspondence on partners and projects with which there are current relationships is stored here. Naturally, for each project or partner there is a separate folder. In the partner’s folder I put letters not only from his employees, but also letters from Neb employees related to this partner. Very convenient: if necessary, all correspondence on the project is at hand in a couple of clicks.
3_Museum. This is where I put those letters that it would be a pity to delete, and the benefit of them is not obvious. Also, folders with closed projects from “2_Projects” migrate here. In short, the “Museum” stores the first candidates for removal.
4_Documents. Here are letters with electronic samples of documents that may be useful in the future for accounting, for example, reconciliation reports from clients, tickets for trips taken. The folder has many similarities with the “2_Projects” and “1_Reference” folders, only accounting information is stored in it, and management information is stored in the “2_Projects” folder. In “4_Documents” there is dead information, and in “2_Projects” there is live information.
5_Knowledge. Here I only put really useful newsletters that I want to return to after a while for inspiration or to find solutions.

There are other email client settings that are important for the operation of this system. First, by default in Thunderbird there is a “Mark messages as read” checkbox. I prefer to do this consciously, so down with the flag! To do this, go to the menu “Tools” → “Settings” → “Advanced” → “Reading and Display”.

Secondly, we use filters . Previously, I actively used filters that automatically forwarded letters to the appropriate folders based on the sender's address. For example, letters from a lawyer were moved to the “Lawyer” folder. I abandoned this approach for several reasons. First: letters from a lawyer in 99% of cases relate to some project or partner, which means they must be moved to the folder of this partner or project. Second: I decided to add awareness. You yourself must decide where a specific letter should be stored, and it is more convenient to look for unprocessed messages in only one place - in the inbox. Now I use filters only for distributing automatic regular letters from various systems, that is, letters that do not require me to make decisions. Filters in Mozilla Thunderbird are configured in the menu “Tools” → “Message Filters”.

So, with the right approach, email should take from 10 to 60 minutes a day, depending on the volume of correspondence.

Yes, and one more thing. Have you already turned off notifications about the arrival of new letters? ;)

Don't forget to BCC the recipients of the email if not all recipients need to see each other.

BCC, or Blind Carbon Copy- this is what is called a hidden copy in Russian. Thanks to it, the recipient does not see all the other addresses where the letter arrives. This feature is found in all email services, from Outlook to Gmail, and if you still don't know about its existence, then it's quite possible that your colleagues and clients don't like you.

First of all, Bcc is an unspoken etiquette in email correspondence. Just as you shouldn’t, in the same way you shouldn’t show other people’s postal addresses to anyone. And even if you did click on your favorite “Reply all” button, your message will not reach the recipients in BCC.

Not everyone knows this, but BCC not only protects email addresses from prying eyes, but also works as a kind of antivirus, preventing spam from entering your computer. This is because hidden email addresses are inaccessible to viruses traveling via email. And although a postal address on the Internet is not as personal and important as a home address, open access You shouldn’t leave it - otherwise spam will most likely be unavoidable.

Craig Child

journalist

“Bcc is where you put contacts that you don't want other people to see. It is usually used for mailings and spam, but this field is also convenient for maintaining decency and not showing email addresses to outsiders. I think it's a mistake to think that people are comfortable with other people seeing their addresses. For example, if it’s an invitation to a party: not everyone knows each other, so it’s often inappropriate for people to see each other’s contact information.”

It is obvious that e-mail has many advantages and is widely used in the process of conducting business activities.

In this article I propose to consider the issue of legal validity of electronic correspondence as evidence. We are talking about ordinary correspondence carried out by the vast majority of people, without the use of an electronic digital signature or other analogues of a handwritten signature.

Often, during a conversation with principals on a particular issue, it turns out that either the agreement was concluded by exchanging documents by e-mail, or all or part of the legally significant correspondence of the parties to the agreement was carried out by e-mail. Moreover, the principal is simply convinced that he will easily prove that he is right by referring to this correspondence and this agreement.

The question arises whether this correspondence by email proof of certain circumstances? What if the procedural opponent declares that he can also provide correspondence containing opposing information, how to give the correspondence a procedural form and legal force?

Let's go from general to specific.

Legislative regulation in the field of use technical means when preparing evidence, it is clearly insufficient, the conceptual apparatus as such is absent, in different regulations the same concepts are often defined differently.

Without going into technical features the work of email, leaving you without lengthy definitions of email, information and telecommunication networks and other concepts, let’s move directly to the evidence in the arbitration process, so to speak, a little theory.

As we know, the evidence in the case is obtained in accordance with the Arbitration Code Russian Federation(hereinafter referred to as the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation) and others federal laws the procedure for information about the facts on the basis of which the arbitration court establishes the presence or absence of circumstances justifying the demands and objections of the persons participating in the case, as well as other circumstances relevant for the correct consideration of the case. Written and material evidence, explanations of persons participating in the case, expert opinions, specialist consultations, testimony of witnesses, audio and video recordings, other documents and materials are allowed as evidence (Article 64 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation).

In turn, written evidence is containing information about circumstances relevant to the case, contracts, acts, certificates, business correspondence, and other documents made in the form of a digital, graphic record or in another way that allows the authenticity of the document to be established.

According to Art. 75 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, documents received by fax, electronic or other communication, including using the information and telecommunication network “Internet”, are accepted as written evidence in cases and in the manner established by this Code, other federal laws, other legal acts or agreement or determined within the limits of its powers by the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation.

Let us leave aside theoretical disputes in the legal field about whether email correspondence is written or physical evidence, since for the required result (recognition correspondence as evidence in court) it doesn't really matter.

We proceed from the fact that the correspondence contains information about circumstances relevant to the case, no matter what it is - or any other dispute.

As we see, in order to email correspondence meets the criteria for written evidence and is admissible as written evidence, it must meet, at a minimum, the following conditions:

It must be performed in a manner that allows the authenticity of the document to be established;

It must be received in installed by the APC RF, other federal laws, other legal acts or agreements.

These criteria become a stumbling block every time you refer to email correspondence as evidence of certain circumstances.

Formally, the true content of electronic correspondence can be established by examining it at its location according to the rules of Art. 78 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (for example, the court may require the relevant person to provide access to email, inspect a message or attached file). Personally, I have never encountered courts doing this, although I have seen representatives rushing to see the judge with a laptop.

Regarding “must be performed in a manner that allows the authenticity of the document to be established”:

It seems that almost the only possible way“reification” of electronic correspondence is its printing on a printer. But the courts are not willing to accept such printouts as evidence, since the likelihood of falsification is high.

You can’t foresee everything, but analysis judicial practice helps to develop a number of practical measures to make electronic correspondence “procedural.”

Make an act indicating the date and exact time of preparation. In the act, indicate information about the person who carried out the display of the correspondence on the screen and further printing (full name, position), such a person can be the head of the organization - a party to the dispute, the provider, or any other person related to the dispute.

This act should also provide information about software(indication of browser version) and used computer technology. An act containing the above information, at a minimum, deprives your procedural opponent of the argument that it is not possible to establish by whom, when and with what use the correspondence was printed. I'm on at least When objecting to the inclusion of correspondence, I always refer precisely to the fact that the correspondence presented to the court does not meet the criteria of evidence precisely because it is not clear by whom, when and with what use it was produced.

Letters addressed to my client and that do not correspond to my position on the case are always “sent to spam”; I never received them.

In the act itself, be sure to indicate the sequence of actions performed when displaying the correspondence on the screen and further printing. For example, you can take the protocol of a notary’s inspection of written evidence.

Now let's turn to the reliability of email correspondence.

It appears that under the reliability of in this case one should understand the conviction in the truth of the correspondence. Part 3 of Art. 71 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation establishes that evidence is recognized by the arbitration court as reliable if, as a result of its verification and research, it turns out that the information contained in it is true.

How should the correspondence be carried out so that its truth is not in doubt?

First of all, it should be clear from the correspondence from whom and to whom the letter or document was sent. It seems that the identification of the parties to correspondence should be taken care of in advance by stipulating the parties’ email addresses in the contract, since it can be very difficult to prove that a particular email address belongs to a specific person or organization (for registration email box there is no need to provide any identification documents or constituent documents; registration is usually anonymous).

As follows from paragraph 3 of Art. 75 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the parties have the right to include in the contract a condition on the procedure for individualizing their electronic correspondence (sending messages to agreed upon email addresses) in order to give it the properties of reliability.

It is worth noting that since this method implies mandatory use by the parties of exactly those email addresses, which are directly indicated in the contract, which is rarely carried out in practice, then this method of establishing the reliability of electronic correspondence is not very reliable.

For an example, look, for example, Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Far Eastern District dated November 16, 2012 No. F03-5177/2012 (The plaintiff’s argument about transferring disputed claims to the defendant by email was rejected because it did not indicate their receipt by the plaintiff. At the same time, it was not presented in the case materials evidence of agreement between the parties on the use of electronic documents in claim work).

If it is impossible to correlate the parties to the contract and a specific address, I can only recommend referring to clause 1 of Art. 5 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, justifying the use of e-mail in the absence of an appropriate indication in a contract or other bilateral document as a business custom, and also indicate the absence of objections from the procedural opponent to such an exchange of information.

I also note that a person conducting email correspondence on behalf of another person (or in his interests) must be authorized to do so.

Documents drawn up inconsistently, without proper specificity, will most likely be rejected by the court on the grounds of unreliability.

As for the second condition - “receipt of correspondence in the manner established by the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws, other legal acts or the agreement.”

I have not found in the current legislation any procedure for obtaining such evidence as electronic correspondence. It seems that this correspondence should not violate the constitutional right to confidentiality of correspondence. Certification of electronic correspondence by a notary

Sometimes participants in the process ask for inclusion notarized electronic correspondence.

I will not describe how the provision of evidence by a notary is regulated; those who are interested can find it themselves; we will briefly dwell on the issue of providing evidence by a notary.

Please note that if proceedings have already been initiated, it is too late to contact a notary. Yes, I admit that the court can treat documents certified by a notary with great confidence. But there is no such requirement in the law, and accordingly it is not necessary to apply to it.

I would like to draw your attention to the following points:

The reliability of electronic correspondence in this case is limited to cases where the ownership of email addresses by the parties is not denied;

The notary is obliged to notify the parties and interested parties of the time and place of providing evidence. If the notary does not do this and the court does not establish urgent cases, then there is a possibility that the protocol for examining physical evidence (email) will be deprived of evidence.

The notary does not provide evidence in a case that is being processed by a court or administrative body at the time the interested parties contact the notary.

In conclusion, let's make a few conclusions:

Whether email correspondence constitutes written evidence is determined each time at the discretion of the court.

Considering the insufficient legislative regulation of the issue of using electronic correspondence in economic transactions, it is not possible to talk about the predetermined force of correspondence as evidence.

Considering that the court evaluates evidence according to its internal conviction, based on a comprehensive, complete, objective and direct examination of the evidence available in the case (clause 1 of Article 71 of the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation), it cannot be said that the correspondence will be accepted by the court as evidence, and even if it is , then it is not possible to predict what assessment the court will give to such correspondence.

Accordingly, a position based only on electronic correspondence is extremely weak.

It cannot be said that the courts are great at accepting electronic correspondence as evidence, although there are cases of a favorable attitude towards this type of evidence as a modern, convenient, reliable, widespread method of transmitting information (see Resolution of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated April 27, 2006 in the case No. A40-20963/2005).

In general, in war all means are good and all possibilities must be used to the maximum.

I hope this article will be useful to you in your work.

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Watch an interview with an expert who certifies electronic correspondence

WITH Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

This is not the first time I turn to your resource on topical issues, and I always find practical “grain”, without “water”. Thank you very much.

Thank you for the article!
Just in practice, he “broke” the notary’s protocol, which was drawn up at the time of the proceedings in the arbitration court.
Regarding the inspection of correspondence in court. I think the judges should inspect. But the other side must already provide evidence to substantiate its objections.
By the way, regarding the correspondence. If the correspondence was conducted through mailboxes, then as part of the pre-investigation check, police officers can send inquiries about what IP was used to access the mailbox and who owned this IP at the time of access. As an option for further proof in court.

I had a court decision where the main evidence of the fact - a significant violation of the deadlines for completing work - was correspondence on Skype, the court terminated the contract for the provision of services and ordered the contractor to return the money, based precisely on the electronic correspondence of the representatives of the parties... the only caveat is that at the court hearing the contractor’s representative did not deny that this correspondence took place

Good day, Natalia!
This once again confirms that you should not neglect such evidence as correspondence by e-mail, including via Skype.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Alexander,

The question is not related to e-mail, but to a certain software package of the Customer, which is mandatory for the preparation of work completion certificates. Access to the PC is via the web. How can it be included as evidence in court?

Good afternoon

To be honest, I didn’t quite understand the question. Is it possible to somehow copy or print the “software package” onto a tangible medium? If yes, then include it, documenting it with the appropriate protocol.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Good afternoon
I would ask you to comment on the situation when a party to the dispute wants to exclude from the contract the clause on the transfer of legally significant information. But we are not talking about Arbitration, but about a dispute between the bank and the bank’s client (me).
The bank blocked my accounts with reference to 115-FZ, and notified me by email (the message ended up in spam and I became familiar with its contents later at the branch after I was faced with account blocking). In the account banking agreement (accession agreement, published on the website for all bank clients) there is a clause:
Please send me documents to the specified address (we are talking about e-mail)…. I have the technical and other capabilities to receive and familiarize myself with documents....; The bank is not responsible for losses... if documents and other information are not received by me

As a rule, the service for providing electronic mail addresses is provided by third parties. Is it possible to challenge, say, the point “I have the technical and other capabilities to receive and familiarize myself with documents” in Rospotrebnadzor (as I understand it, this supervisory authority can administratively force the bank to remove illegal clauses of the contract), since I am a client postal service I don't control technical capabilities and in my opinion, this point is controversial when it comes to individuals - numerous bank clients. And later, when going to court about the illegal blocking actions of the bank, ask Rospotrebnadzor to participate in the court as a third party (as they usually write: in the interests of an unlimited number of persons) - of course, if the complaint to Rospotrebnadzor is considered positively.

Good afternoon
Of course, you can challenge either a separate clause or the entire contract as a whole. But it is not possible to assess the prospect without studying the documents. Besides, to be honest, I don’t understand what your problem is considering how you are going to solve it.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.
- In short: The application (acceptance) for joining the banking service agreement (sorry, I misled you - the above clause is not an agreement, but an excerpt from this statement) contains the above-mentioned clause.
  
  I recently emailed. I received an email request for information with a link to 115-FZ, the letter went to spam and I did not respond to it because I did not see it. I have an impressive amount of money stuck in my accounts - everything has been settled by now, but in the future I would like to protect myself from such surprises. At the same time, a representative of the bank (financial monitoring), in response to my objections about the suspension of operations, expressed the idea that an email notification had been sent to me. Now I wonder how legal such inclusions in contracts are. In addition, if the situation turned out differently, and I had to defend my interests in court, could I ask the judge to consider this point insignificant, violating my rights - at the moment I am busy thinking about how to justify this.

Good afternoon, I have this situation. The ex-husband is a citizen of Kazakhstan, works in Russia, provided the bailiff (in Kazakhstan) with a certificate of salary of 8,400 rubles, of which he pays me alimony in the amount of 2,100 rubles (25%). The child is also a citizen of Kazakhstan, but lives under a temporary residence permit in Russia with me, my ex-husband sends alimony to my card. Can I file a lawsuit for payment of alimony in a fixed amount and in which country will I need to file the application, because: 1) he receives salary in rubles and not in tenge, 2) he worsened the child’s life (previously when he worked in Kazakhstan, alimony was 6,000 rubles). And will his correspondence on social media serve as evidence for the bailiff? networks with friends? I have a password for his mailbox, where he corresponds with friends. Where every month he discusses his salary in the amount of 32,000 + travel allowances in the amount of 5,000 rubles. Please tell me what to do. Thank you.

Good afternoon
You can file a claim for payment of alimony in a fixed amount at your place of residence.
As for the evidence for the bailiff, I don’t understand why you decided to prove something to the bailiff.
It is not possible to suggest anything specific as part of the response to your comment - there are few introductory ones.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

That’s for sure: in war it’s like in war. Electronic correspondence is introduced everywhere in government bodies to receive citizens' requests. If anyone takes advantage of this offer and sends an appeal to an email box, then immediately on the second or third day request confirmation of registration of the appeal. I now have such a situation that I did not ask for confirmation and now I have tried to appeal against illegal inaction. The authority plays a fool and denies receipt, although the appeal was sent properly and there is confirmation that another addressee, to whom a copy was sent by the same letter, received the appeal. The court examined the scan of the mail at the hearing, identified the addressees, etc., did not ask questions about unreliability and refused to examine the mailbox at the court hearing, and later, after the end of the hearing, stated in its decision that the scan was not clear to the court and could not serve as evidence .

Thanks a lot for this article! There doesn’t seem to be any specifics, but the thoughts are presented and presented with dignity, i.e. there is something to think about.
Thanks again!

Good afternoon
I don’t even know whether to be happy or not about such gratitude (I’m talking about “no specifics”), but thank you anyway.
It reminded me of a joke when people were flying in a hot air balloon and got lost, they asked the man below where they were, to which he replied that they were in a hot air balloon. The travelers, in turn, immediately realized that they were talking to a lawyer, since his answer was correct, but useless.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello.
I worked in an organization where all employees worked for remote access, i.e. In different cities. The only way to communicate with management is by email. By mail, managers sent us instructions, orders, signed memos, etc. Naturally, communication by email is not specified in our employment contract, but the place of work is indicated, this is the home address.
Question:
1 How can I prove in court that email was the only means of communication with all employees.
2 What can be provided in court as evidence from other employees, because they live in other cities.

Good afternoon
I apologize for the delay in response.
It seems that it is not advisable for you to establish in court the fact that communication with all employees was carried out exclusively through e-mail. I can't imagine how this could help you.
Regarding the second question, I also find it difficult to answer, since the subject of the dispute is not clear enough to recommend you anything specific.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Good afternoon The situation is this: there was an oral agreement with the contractor (we are both individual entrepreneurs). The conditions for it were discussed in ice. Now there is a dispute and he intends to attach a scan from this correspondence to the case in his favor. What are my chances of challenging this correspondence? Will he be able to prove that it was me who conducted this correspondence, and not someone else from my computer or from my account?

Good afternoon
You didn't pose the question quite correctly. There are chances to challenge, but I won’t tell you which ones, there are no clear criteria. Whether he can or cannot prove it, I also cannot answer you, it all depends on how he will do it and how the court will evaluate the evidence.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on notaries Chapter XX. Providing evidence, Article 102 part 2 is no longer in force. Does this mean that a notary can certify email correspondence even after the hearing of the case in court has begun?
Thank you.

- Alexander, thanks for the answer. What legal force does notarized correspondence in the form of screenshots of pages have? In particular: can this be evidence in court in this case, and how can the contents of an attachment in a letter be certified in this case? Thank you in advance.

Good afternoon. Tell me, please, are there any chances of winning in court? This is the situation.
I'm with you bank card I transferred money to another person’s card.
A person abroad. He was supposed to buy me something and send it to me.
But he did not fulfill his obligation. Spent my money. Now he feeds me breakfast and promises to return it.
All our correspondence was conducted on Skype. There is a card number with his name, his letters stating that he spent my money.
From the relevant evidence, I can take a bank statement about the transfer of money.
What do you say? No prospect of going to court?

Good afternoon
With your “introductory” information, it is much more difficult to make the court refuse to satisfy your claims. Of course, you have every chance of getting a decision to recover funds.
The only question is the jurisdiction of the dispute. If your “villain” has never lived on the territory of the Russian Federation and does not have any property here, then you will have to file a claim at the defendant’s place of residence abroad, according to the rules established by the legislation of the relevant state.

Best wishes,
Mugin Alexander S.

Hello. If it’s not difficult, please answer this question.
I want to sue the bank.
Huge interest and fines were charged, although there were notifications about my serious health problems (by email). I want to provide correspondence in court. Do I need to have it certified by a notary, given that it seems unlikely to me that the bank will deny the fact of receiving these letters. Is it enough to simply print this correspondence with all the information from the browser (with dates, addresses...)?
Thank you!

Good afternoon
The question here is that since the evidence does not have a predetermined force for the court, it is difficult to determine how the court will evaluate this or that evidence (certified by a notary or not), so it is always better to be “too safe than not.”

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello. We have such a difficult situation. My son borrowed money from his wife’s brother, against receipt. He returned the main amount. After the divorce, this brother filed a lawsuit. with a demand to repay the entire debt, since allegedly he had not been repaid at all. My son still has correspondence with social networks, where it is said that my son was paying off his debt. And how much is left? My son repaid most of the debt in cash against a receipt. , and transferred the rest to the card of his brother and wife, since they were in another city. Question: Can email correspondence be certified as evidence?

Good afternoon
If you are only interested in this question, then yes, email correspondence can be certified as evidence, and this is exactly what the article is about.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello!
I purchased a router in March 2015 from an online store (1 year warranty).
After the purchase, it turned out that the product was inoperative and could not be set up.
Since October 2015, I have been in email correspondence with employees of an online store who take a contradictory position: they offer to come for a refund, I come, the employees refuse to accept the goods, I report this in correspondence, the employees change their point of view and begin to demand conclusions from the SC, ignoring my references to Art. 18 of the law on ZPP.
After contacting Rospotrebnadzor, I received a letter saying that the store was ready to accept the goods, you just need to drive up.
Please tell me if my email be considered a claim when going to court? Can I collect a penalty starting from the date of the letter? Can I receive compensation for moral damages? Have you had to come to the store several times and leave with nothing?

Good afternoon
Without knowing the contents of your letter, I cannot say whether it will be considered a claim, because it is the court that evaluates the evidence. The penalty is accrued from the date of expiration of the deadline for fulfilling the consumer’s legal requirement. Since it was not clear whether the requirement was, I also cannot answer this question. Regarding moral damage, I can only say that you can definitely demand compensation for it. But whether you will be able to receive it and whether it will be recovered from the seller, I will not say without familiarizing yourself with all the materials of the case, I am afraid to give unreasonable hope.
My colleagues from ADN Legal deal with consumer protection issues, try contacting him.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello! She presented email correspondence to the court as evidence. The judge said it was important evidence, but it had to be certified by a notary. How to convince the court that the assurance electronic document is not the exclusive prerogative of a notary?

Good afternoon
Your question is too abstract, I believe that an answer like “you need to be very convincing, provide legal norms and examples of judicial practice to support your position” will not suit you. Although in fact it is necessary to paint the judge such a picture of the world so that he has no doubts about the optionalness of notarization of correspondence, and this is sometimes simply impossible.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello, Alexander! As part of a labor dispute, to confirm the fact (there is no other evidence) of fulfillment of labor duties, which is denied by the employer, I would like to attach to the claim a copy of electronic correspondence with the company’s counterparties on economic and financial issues. company activities. The correspondence was carried out from my corporate email address, opened for free on Yandex. Does it need to be notarized for this purpose? The fact is that all correspondence for the period worked amounted to more than 700 letters, incl. with attachments. Is it possible to petition the court to request this correspondence from Yandex in order to avoid notarization? Should the petition be included in the claim or submitted as a separate document?
I would be very grateful for your answer.

Good afternoon
Whether it’s necessary or not, it’s better to be “over-safe than under-safe,” as they say. Moreover, if correspondence is your only evidence, then I would generally wait to go to court. It is also advisable to apply for evidence by attaching documents confirming that you have exhausted the possibilities of obtaining evidence yourself, for example, you made a request and were refused or ignored. Otherwise, the court will most likely refuse you.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.
- Hello, if I provide the court with correspondence for consideration as evidence of the dishonesty of a former employer who does not give me documents, and he denies his involvement in the correspondence, can he file a counterclaim for libel/damage to business reputation/moral damage and etc. ?
  - Good afternoon
    Your defendant can file anything at all, the question is whether the court will accept it. I very much doubt that the court will accept such counterclaims, just as I doubt the prospects for satisfying such claims.
    
    Best wishes,
    Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.
    
    Best wishes,
    Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

A week later (after the fact after all the copying work I did) by email. I receive an agreement in the mail with the terms of use of the images. The conditions do not suit me (the museum has the exclusive copyright, severely limited use of any parts, huge fines, the obligation to ensure the safety of copies from third parties, etc.), and I, of course, refuse to sign it. Moreover, according to the contract, the images had to be scanned by the museum, and not by me, photocopied with an amateur camera. There are also several other discrepancies in the agreement. For example, the number of photographically copied sheets is simply described, without describing the text on them, numbers and previews, incl. this applies to photographs.

I'm by email. mail invited the person (the head of the archive with whom he corresponded) to draw up an agreement on the mutual destruction of copies or the licensing of images by the Museum for free non-commercial use. use, asked for the address of the museum's lawyer. He proposed draft agreements, theses that would suit me, and asked me to show them to the museum’s lawyer. But the manager the archive clearly realized her mistake (that she did not warn me about the rules and the agreement in advance), and now she wants to hush up the matter, and does not want to change the agreement or officially destroy copies. However, it does not provide any written guarantees. In a lengthy email correspondence from the museum’s address, she offers not to sign the contract, refuses unfounded claims, and only asked for copyright information. She says that the employee made a fatal mistake, that she had no right to allow me to work without drawing up a contract. But I have no complaints. At the bottom of the letter is her first and last name, position. The name of the post contains the name of the museum. But in essence, this is a piece of paper from a legal point of view.

Everything is complicated by the fact that from the moment the work is completed in the archive (there is an entry in the visit log) until the terms of the contract are received by email. mail for signature (3-4 days passed), from my email address. The copies I made were provided to some people. I am confident in their integrity, but one cannot be completely sure of anything. From the moment you receive a copy of the contract by email. I destroyed all copies on electronic media on the Internet and sent them by email. mail notifications to recipients with a request not to publish photocopies and indicate copyright. But I cannot be sure about the use of data by third parties. At the same time, the manager tells me that you can use the data, just put a copyright.

Does it make sense to certify this email? correspondence for the future, as well as messages about copyright to third parties (my addressees), or not? And the second question, if possible -

if the museum warned me about the rules of the archive, its exceptional author. rights to exhibits, and terms of the contract exclusively by email. mail, moreover, very late in the production of photocopies of the exhibits by me, and the head of the archive in electronic correspondence refuses to destroy the photocopies and change the contract, suggests forgetting about it, in the event of theoretical claims against me from the museum for the actions of third parties and the museum proves the fact of transfer copies of images from my email. mail to third parties (in violation of the terms of the contract, which I did not sign) before the day I received the contract for signature, can I refer to the fact that I was not familiarized with the terms of the contract and author. the rights of the museum as a release from liability to the museum? In the sense that, being in the dark, I could believe that the author. the rights belong exclusively to the persons who published the manuscript (exhibit), and the exhibit is in the museum as a copy, and having received the contract, I took all actions in my power to correct the situation within my capabilities.

However, in any case, I did not intend and do not intend to use these photocopies for commercial purposes; they were needed only for historical research with publication in non-comm. electronic media in compliance with copyright.

Or should we contact the director of the museum and formally demand an agreement on mutual destruction of copies? But what then to do with those copies that, under the conditions described above, were sent to third parties, if they suddenly do not delete them, but distribute them? Maybe it’s better to keep all this quiet really... I don’t understand whether the museum in the future, if the fact of non-contractual use of copies by third parties is discovered, can make claims against me because of this (despite the fact that I did not know about the rules and publishing rights of the museum when making fair copying), or only the authors? Of all the documents confirming our relationship - a statement about familiarization with the exhibit, a signature in the visit log and a copy of the unwritten agreement by email from the director. mail, + correspondence with the head of the archive. Of the witnesses - 1-2 people who saw me at work and were present at telephone conversation the manager, when at the end of the first day she “remembered” about the contract.

I don’t have any money for lawyers and never will, I’m disabled, seriously ill, etc. I think a little about the future myself.

Good afternoon
Based on your input, I wouldn’t worry, to be honest, since it’s obvious that you didn’t cause any harm to anyone.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Good afternoon
Tell me what to do in the following situation: there was a gray salary. Upon dismissal, it was promised that the debt on the envelope portion would be paid.
As a result, the only evidence is email and skype correspondence, in which there are amounts, promises and “come for part of the debt” and so on. On the company side, correspondence from work emails.
Is it possible to achieve anything based on this?
Thank you

Good afternoon Please tell me what to do in this situation: a person I know asked for money to develop a business (we live in different cities, regions of the Russian Federation), I took out a consumer loan from a bank and sent him funds to his card, he verbally agreed with the condition that he will return the money according to loan agreement. (i.e. He sent me the amount on the card monthly payment), paid for a year and a half (loan term is 5 years), then payments on his part ended, he says that there is no way to pay anymore, and he refused the debt. There is no receipt, there is only the testimony of his wife, a paper confirming the transfer of funds to his card and correspondence on Viber. What do you advise? Is it possible to have any leverage to force a person to continue paying me? There is also another person who took the same demand as I did. a loan to develop his business, and he also stopped paying him, but the only difference between our situations is that he has a receipt, but I don’t.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello! Please tell me, here’s one person who spread numerous information about me and my company that does not present me and the company in the best light, that I don’t pay people, I didn’t pay him money for the work, in the form of mailings to different people (I went to the client’s website under an admin account and did it mailing list). Then, corresponding with this person by e-mail, he admitted that it was him and said that he allegedly conveyed the truth to people. This is a former employee of my company. As a result, I have electronic correspondence with him, all the data on him (passport, contracts), also an agreement on non-disclosure of confidential information.
Can I go to court and jail him?

Good afternoon
I answer: you can go to court, but you can go to jail - only if you don’t go to prison!
Actually, what a question, such is the answer.

Best wishes,
Lawyer Mugin Alexander S.

Hello! My situation is this: I found new job, passed the interview, they promised me that they would hire me to replace an employee who was going on maternity leave, because... There were 4 months left before the maternity leave, and the employee in the office should work only one 5/2, I was told that until the maternity leave we would work 2/2, but we would lose a little in salary. I agreed, worked for 2 weeks old job, went to training (2 weeks) and then it turns out that the employee refused to work according to this schedule, said that she would complain to the labor inspectorate that her rights were being violated, etc. I was offered to work as a substitute employee only on weekends with a salary of 0.25% of the tariff rate. There’s nothing to be done, I had to agree with the hope that when she goes on maternity leave, everything will work out. And now, a month and a half before her maternity leave, the following happens: the fact is that my boss and I have a 4-hour time difference, and sometimes they send official messages when we are already at home, that same employee told me to connect email to my mobile phone and always see what the bosses are sending, that is, she didn’t say that I should do it, but said that she did it. I thought that this might also be useful for me and I connected it for myself too. One late evening I saw such messages that the hair on my head began to stand up. Regional Director, Deputy, Security Council i.e. copies were sent to everyone, where the director responded to the report (the content was deleted, it was clear that this was a response