The first color TV in the USSR: how it happened. How the world's first televisions appeared: evolution from mechanics to electron beams
RUBIN 4 0 1
This TV, I mean the first Soviet serial color TV, was called Rubin 401. My grandmother had one for the whole village. All the people came to watch him in the evening. This was happiness.
The first Soviet color television had the name Rubin 401. It appeared in 1967. Personally, in our family, like many others, Horizon color TV was replaced by black and white only in the early 1980s.
The first mass-produced color TVs were Rubin 401 TVs. Before that, an experimental batch of color TVs called Rainbow was produced at the Leningrad plant. And mass production of Rubies was established only in 1967.
The name of the first Soviet serial color television - RUBIN 401.
Production of these televisions began in 1968.
And the very first color Soviet televisions were Rainbow.
First Soviet TV in 1956, a Rubin TV with a 43 cm diagonal screen, which was produced at the Moscow Rubin Television Plant, became available. You can still buy a Rubin TV.
The Rainbow was produced quite mass-produced, and was even on sale (seemingly by appointment, or somehow distributed among organizations). From the point of view of performance, maybe I was just lucky, but my parents broke down a couple of times. The lifespan of the cathode ray tube was really not that great - after three years it was already starting to wear out.
Ruby This is exactly what the first Soviet color television was called. The quality of the picture there was nonsense, one name was that it was color, they often broke down, and then not all transmissions were in color. In general, we lived like savages, I remember the film Fantotsia, so people there already had TVs with remote control, as well as automatic washing machines, and we were all building communism.
But they were still in huge short supply for a long time. Then, in my opinion, Tempi and Horizons appeared
The first color TVs (this was around 1960) produced at domestic factories in the USSR were Rainbow TVs (they were made in Leningrad) and Temp 22 TVs (they were made in Moscow). They were made in limited quantities and were not put on sale.
Only seven years later, in October 1967, in the USSR, at the Moscow Television Plant, they began experimental, and from January 1968, mass production of color televisions Rubin 401.
The first Soviet serial color TV Rubin 401.
But we were ahead of the planet all in ballet and in outer space! And on the TV it was possible to put a supposedly colored film on the screen and four tankmen and a dog fought in a rainbow vision. Thanks to the French developers that, thanks to their help, we began to see real color TV in 1967 on such a body as RUBIN 401.
This TV was called Rubin 401. To be honest, it’s hard for me to imagine what it looks like, I haven’t seen this TV then.
In my time there were horizons that were also lamp-based. I am confident in this answer.
The first color TV in the USSR was RUBIN 401 (67 - pilot production), then RUBIN 401-1 (68 - serial production). Serial production These units were produced by the Moscow Television Plant.
The Earth Hour event was first held in 2007 in Sydney (Australia), and since then, every year the number of countries and cities taking part in the environmental event has only increased.
More than 7,000 cities and towns plan to take part in Earth Hour 2019 settlements(with a population of more than 2 billion people), located in 188 countries. Of course, these will include Russian cities, including Moscow and St. Petersburg.
If you care about the fate of the planet and you decide to join this action, then specified time Lighting in accessible areas should be turned off and unplugged electrical appliances, not related to life support.
What date and time will the Earth Hour 2019 event take place:
Traditionally, the event is held on the last Saturday of March, with the exception of those years when the last Saturday in March precedes Easter.In 2019, Earth Hour is scheduled to take place on Saturday. March 30, 2019. The promotion starts at 20:30 local time and lasts for an hour, until 21:30.
That is, the Earth Hour 2019 campaign:
*Date: March 30, 2019
* Time: from 20:30 to 21:30.
March 18 in Crimea is a day off or a working day:
According to the above laws, on the territory of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol the date "March 18" is a non-working holiday, an additional day off.That is:
* March 18 is a day off in Crimea and Sevastopol.
If March 18 coincides with a holiday (as, for example, happens in 2023), the holiday is transferred to the next working day.
If a holiday coincides with annual paid leave, March 18 is not included in the number of calendar days of leave, but extends it.
Is March 17 a shortened working day:
If the calendar date March 17 falls on a working day, then the duration of work on this day is reduced by 1 hour.This norm is established in Article 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and applies to working days preceding, among other things, regional holidays.
When is the closing date of the Universiade 2019 in Krasnoyarsk:
Previously, we already stated that the 29th Winter Universiade will be held in the very center of Russia - the city of Krasnoyarsk, from March 2 to 12, 2019.The sporting event will end on Tuesday March 12, 2019 a colorful Closing Ceremony from director Ilya Averbukh, which will last more than three hours.
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What time will the Closing Ceremony of the Universiade 2019 begin, where to watch:
Beginning of the Closing Ceremony of the Universiade 2019 - 20:00 local time, or 16:00 Moscow time .IN live the show will show Federal TV channel "Match!" . The live television broadcast starts at 15:55 Moscow time.
A live broadcast will also be available on the channel "Match! Country".
You can start a live online broadcast of the event on the Internet on the Sportbox portal.
On the first calendar day of Spring.
That is, Maslenitsa in 2020:
* Starts - March 24, 2020
*Ends - March 1, 2020
The first day of Maslenitsa (Monday - “Meeting”) in the 20th year is located after the Russian public holiday - Defender of the Fatherland Day, and if carried out standard transfer will be a day off.
It is symbolic that the final day of Maslenitsa Week (in 2020 - March 1, 2020) falls on the first day of Spring. After all, it is on the seventh day of the celebration, on Sunday, at sunset that the straw effigy of Maslenitsa is burned, which in folk tradition symbolizes the transformation of an outdated winter into a beautiful Spring.
Even though a TV is not a luxury item, you need to remember when and by whom it was invented. Appearance modern device we owe it to scientists around the world. Thanks to them, this device became a common thing in every home.
The creation of television was preceded by the following important discoveries:
- Physicist Huygens discovered the theory of light waves.
- The scientist Maxwell proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.
- Experiments with television systems began when the scientist Smith discovered the possibility of changing electrical resistance.
- Alexander Stoletov demonstrated the effect of light on electricity. He developed an "electric eye" - a similarity to today's photocells.
Along with these studies, scientists around the world studied the effect of light on chemical composition elements and discovered the photoelectric effect. People learned that they can see an image using electromagnetic waves, and also that this picture is transmitted. By that time, radio had already been invented.
When talking about who invented the first television, it is impossible to name just one name, because many people participated in the development and evolution of television. The history of receivers transmitting sound and image begins with the creation of a Nipkow disk, which scans a picture line by line. It was invented by German technician Paul Nipkow.
Karl Brown developed the very first kinescope and called it the “Brown Tube.” However, this invention was not immediately patented and used to transmit images. Several years passed before viewers saw a television receiver whose screen height and width were 3 cm, and the frame rate was ten per second.
British engineer John Lougie Baird invented a mechanical receiver that operates without sound. Although the picture was quite clear. Later, the scientist created the Baird company, which for a long time produced televisions on the market in the absence of competition.
Who is considered the creator of television?
The first television was created thanks to Boris Rosing. Using a cathode ray tube, he obtained a televised image of dots and figures. This was a big step forward, which allowed the first electronic television receiver to appear. The beam was scanned in the tube using magnetic fields, and the brightness was regulated by a capacitor.
The physicist’s work was continued by his student Vladimir Zvorykin, who in 1932 patented the invented television using electronic technology. It is generally accepted that he created the first television.
The famous engineer was born in the Vladimir province. He studied in Russia, but later emigrated to the USA. Zvorykin opened the first electronic television station in the capital, concluding an agreement with RCA. He owns more than a hundred patents for various inventions, the scientist has huge amount awards He died at the end of the 20th century, after his death the documentary film “Zvorykin-Muromets” was shot.
Today in Moscow and Murom you can see memorials in honor of the “father of television.” One of the streets in the city of Gusev and an award for achievements in the television field are named after him.
The appearance of television in the USSR
The earliest experience of television broadcasting in the Soviet Union took place in April 1931. Initially, viewings were carried out collectively in certain places, television receivers began to appear in every family later. The first TV set created on Nipkov's disk was produced by the Leningrad plant "Comintern". The device looked like a set-top box with a 4 by 3 cm screen and was connected to a radio receiver. Inventors Soviet Union They began to assemble mechanical models of devices on their own, and the first televisions appeared in homes. Instructions for assembling such televisions in the USSR were published in the magazine Radiofront.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the first broadcasts of the program with sound appeared. For a long time There was only one channel - the First. During the Second World War, the channel's operation was interrupted. After the end of the war, electronic television appeared, and soon the Second Channel began broadcasting.
Creating a color TV
Not everyone knows when the first color televisions appeared, which have been in every family for a long time. Attempts to create a device with a color screen were made back in the days of mechanical broadcast devices. Hovhannes Adamyan first presented his research in this area; he patented a two-color device for transmitting signals at the beginning of the 20th century.
If we talk about when the color receiver was invented, we should note the work of John Lowey Baird. In 1928, he assembled a receiver that alternately transmitted images using a three-color light filter. He is rightfully considered the creator of color television.
The world's first television with a full color screen was invented by Americans in the mid-20th century. These devices were manufactured by RCA. Even then they could be freely purchased on credit. In the Soviet Union, color television was introduced a little later, despite the fact that development of the device began under Zvorykin. It was Rubin, which later became a mass TV.
There is no clear answer to the question “who created the television receiver”. However, based on prevailing views and available facts, Vladimir Zvorykin is considered to be the founder of television. If we talk about what year it was TV was invented, it is generally accepted that 1923 was the year when Zworykin applied for a television patent.
Today TV is part of our life and the norm, new models of devices are being created that are absolutely different from the first televisions. Their screens measure tens of centimeters. The quality of broadcasting has increased greatly and has become digital. Over the past 20 years, television has come a long way and will certainly continue to evolve. And for all this we need to say thanks to the one who invented television.
The first experiment in television transmission was carried out on May 22, 1911 by Boris Lvovich Rosing, he managed to transfer the picture to the screen of the kinescope he invented. But another 17 years passed before Rosing’s student, the talented Russian engineer Vladimir Zvorykin, who was forced to go abroad, created the first mechanically scanned television in the United States. Production of TVs with cathode ray tube was started in the USA only in 1939.
Soviet Union in the field of creation television equipment kept up with other countries. Already in 1932, industrial production of the B-2 television, developed by engineer A.Ya., began. Breitbart. By modern standards, it was a rather primitive optical-mechanical device with a screen measuring 3 by 4 cm. The first Soviet television was not even independent device, but was an attachment to a radio receiver.
The production of the first electronic televisions in the USSR began in 1938 - that is, a year earlier than in the USA. The TV was called "ATP-1", the design used nine vacuum tubes. For those times, its design turned out to be very successful, the image quality was very high. The designers also developed a more advanced model, but its release was prevented by the war.
After the war it was developed and put into production in 1949 new model TV "KVN-49", which can be considered the first mass-produced Soviet TV. The screen size was 10.5 by 14 cm, the TV could receive three channels. To increase the image size, a special hollow plastic lens was used that was filled with water. It was placed in front of the screen, it could be moved back and forth, achieving high-quality image. In total, about two million of these televisions were produced; for many Soviet people, it was the “KVN-49” that became the first television receiver in their lives.
Since the 50s, many TV models were produced in the USSR, but they were all black and white. Soviet designers actively worked on the transition to color television, and in 1967 the first domestic color televisions “Record-101”, “Rainbow-403” and “Rubin-401” went on sale. A little later, large quantities of 700 series TVs began to be produced, which became very widespread. The first models had a screen with a diagonal of 59 cm, a little later the screen size increased to 61 cm.
It was these color TVs, along with the black and white models that continued to be produced, that made up the main stock of television equipment in the 70s.
Sources:
- what year did television appear?
- History of television development
Since ancient times, fairy tales of different peoples of the world have mentioned magical objects, with the help of which one could not only see what was happening somewhere in the distance, but also transfer one’s image there. But only in the 20th century a device appeared, called a “TV” (that is, “far-seeing”), which truly brought the fairy tale to life. How was it invented?
Instructions
In order to be able to transfer images to long distance, it is necessary to convert the optical signal into an electrical one. This conversion is based on a phenomenon called the photoelectric effect. This phenomenon was discovered (albeit without being able to explain it, since the concept of “electron” did not exist at that time) by the German Hertz at the end of the 19th century.
The first films in the history of cinema
The world's first movie, “Scenes in Roundhay Garden,” was filmed in England in 1888, directed by the Frenchman Louis le Prince, and used for filming. new entry on a special film made of paper. The first one lasted about 1.66 seconds.
The first film to become famous was “The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station” by the Lumière brothers. The documentary short film was filmed in 1895. According to those that have survived, the effect of watching the world's first film was truly stunning. Viewers jumped out of their seats, not expecting to see on the screen an image of a moving train and people on the platforms. It is noteworthy that it moves in perspective, and when photographing people, a general, close-up and medium shot were already used.
Soon after Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station, other directors rushed to make similar films in train stations around the world.
The first trends indicating the imminent emergence of feature films are manifested in another film by the Lumiere brothers, “The Watered Waterman.” The short duration of the first films was due to the technical imperfection of the equipment for creating films, but by the early 1900s the length of films gradually increased to 20 minutes.
The first film with sound was “Singer”
The idea of transmitting an image has haunted people since ancient times. To confirm this statement, it is enough to recall at least the magic mirror of the sorceress Shalott, mentioned in the cycle of legends about King Arthur, or our Russian fairy-tale liquid apple, which, complete with a plate, served as a kind of TV for Baba Yaga.
But only at the end of the nineteenth century did humanity finally reach a level of technical development at which it became possible to translate this idea into reality. Starting from this time, scientific research was carried out for several more decades and the basic principles of television broadcasting were developed, and only in the early forties of the twentieth century there was a real breakthrough in this area - in 1931 an electronic television tube was patented.
The first black and white TV in the USSR
The first trial transmission of images over a distance in the Soviet Union was carried out in 1931, and regular television broadcasting in our country began in March 1939.
The first Soviet device receiving an image was produced in 1932 in Leningrad, at the Comintern radio plant, and it was called “B-2” in honor of its inventor A. Ya. Breibart. But the B-2, equipped with a miniature screen the size of a matchbox, did not yet have its own decoder, so it was not a full-fledged television, but just a set-top box that needed to be connected to a regular radio.
A few years later, Comintern launched the production of TK-1 televisions, which were not domestic development- they were produced under American license. In total, the plant managed to make no more than two thousand of these licensed televisions, and then the development of domestic television was stopped for several years by the war.
The truly first mass-produced Soviet black-and-white TV is rightfully considered the KVN-49 TV, which was born in the late forties. Its name is an acronym made up of capital letters names of the designers of this people's TV- V.K. Kenigson, N.M. Varshavsky and I.A. Nikolaevsky. In order to meet the growing needs of the population, the country's leadership launched the production of these televisions in three cities at once - Leningrad, Voronezh and Baku.
"KVN-49" hosted three television channel, had a very voluminous wooden body and a small screen measuring 10 by 14 centimeters, the image on which was better viewed through a special attached lens.
In parallel with the construction of new factories producing various black and white TVs, in the Soviet Union, work was underway to create color television. Trial color broadcasting has been carried out since 1957. At this time, at the Kozitsky plant (formerly Comintern), prototypes of Rainbow color televisions were produced, and in 1960, the Moscow Radio Plant produced a small batch of Temp - 22 color televisions, but neither Raduga nor "Temp" never hit.
The first truly popular color TV was released in the USSR in 1967 at the Moscow Radio Plant and it was called “Rubin - 401”.
We briefly told you about the development of television. If you want to know how TVs are made, read our article - in it you will find the answer to this question.